scholarly journals Proximate and physicochemical composition of oil palm empty fruit bunch

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 026-032
Author(s):  
Mina Grace Asoka ◽  
Gideon Orkwagh Abu ◽  
Obioma Kenechukwu Agwa
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Physicochemical Composition

Agro-waste management generates worries to most developing countries and the menace needs to be curbed to reduce pollution. This study investigated the Proximate and Physicochemical composition of Oil Palm Empty fruit bunch. Samples collected were oven dried, grinded and analytical methods were carried out adopting AOAC 2005 (Association of official Analytical Chemists) test methods. The proximate analysis of the EFB revealed it to be a poor source of lipid (3.75 ± 0.01) but with a high fibre content (67.0 ± 1.19). The results showed concentrations of ash (6.87 ± 0.11), carbohydrate (12.3 ± 0.95), moisture (5.13 ± 0.24) and protein (4.87 ± 0.01). The physicochemical characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch is reported that pH had mean of 5.81±0.22, while temperature, total suspended solid, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, salinity, nitrate and sulphate had mean of 28.14 ± 0.02, 5.09 ± 0.02, 53.15 ± 0.03, 26.61 ± 0.015, 19.97±0.03, 14.65 ± 0.05, and 4.94 ± 0.02 respectively. More so, phosphate had mean of 17.55 ± 0.04, while ammonia, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, magnesium and calcium had mean of 0.04 ± 0.01, 2.86 ± 0.01, 1.58 ± 0.02, 2.55 ± 0.02, 1.05 ± 0.01 and 3.77 ± 0.01 respectively. The Proximate and Physicochemical composition of the Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch in this study demonstrates the efficiency of utilizing and application of this byproduct in various processes to help combat waste management issues in the environment.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (OPEFB) AGRO-WASTE PROPERTIES AS FILTRATION MEDIUM TO IMPROVE URBAN STORMWATER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurmin Bolong ◽  
Ismail Saad ◽  
Jodin Makinda ◽  
Abu Zahrim Yaser ◽  
Mohd Harun Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
River Sand ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Filtration Medium

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is recommended as a filtration medium due to its fibrous characteristics and abundance as an agricultural byproduct. OPEFB is utilized to treat urban stormwater using a deep bed filter column. Urban stormwater samples were collected from Sembulan River, which flows through the Kota Kinabalu city area of Sabah, Malaysia. The samples were filtered through single and combination designs of OPEFB and river sand (RS) in mix ratios ranging between 25-75%. Each design’s performance was evaluated in terms of Total Suspended Solid (TSS), turbidity, colour, temperature, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) removal. Single medium designs demonstrated the poorest performance compared to dual mediums design. The optimum mixed design was 50:50 with ability to remove 52% color, 49% turbidity, 44% TSS, 59% COD, 84% BOD, and 94% NH3-N. Further OPEFB water-washing treatment followed by a backwashing process achieved better separation results than a straightforward maintenance process. The optimized dual-filtration of stormwater was able to increase the urban stormwater quality from Class III up to Class I according to the Malaysian Interim National Water Quality Standard (INWQS), thus classified as suitable for water supply and conservation for natural environment uses.

Biodegradation Potential of Abattoir Wastewater Microbiota in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
J.D Bala ◽  
F. A Kuta ◽  
N.U Adabara ◽  
O.P Abioye ◽  
H.S Auta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
Abattoir Wastewater ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Water used for washing carcasses of slaughtered animals and slaughter house is referred to as abattoir wastewater. This study was designed to investigate the microorganisms associated with abattoir wastewater and to establish the biodegradation potential of abattoir wastewater microbiota. Isolation of the microbes was carried out using pour plate technique. The total viable count for the microbes’ ranges from 2.5×104 - 4.6×105 cfu/mL. Results revealed that all the physicochemical parameters exceeded the permissible limits (total dissolved solid (TDS) 1748mg/L, total suspended solid (TSS) 176mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) 91 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) 227 mg/L). Microorganisms isolated include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus anthracis, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Mucor sp, Trichophyton quickeanum and Penicillium sp. Some of the microbes were observed to have biodegradation potential by their ability to grow on mineral salt media (MSM) incorporated with starch, cellulose, crude oil, kerosene and diesel as the sole source of carbon and energy. This study suggests that abattoir wastewater harbors microorganisms that could be hazardous to public health when discharged into the environment untreated hence the need for strict monitoring. These microbes isolated could be employed as agent of bioremediation of wastewaters. Key words: Abattoir; Biodegredation; Isolation; Microbiota; Wastewater

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH WASTES USING ZINC CHLORIDE

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riry Wirasnita ◽  
Tony Hadibarata ◽  
Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Zainab Mat Lazim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch

An oil palm empty fruit bunch-derived activated carbon has been successfully produced by chemical activation with zinc chloride and without chemical activation. The preparation was conducted in the tube furnace at 500oC for 1 h. The surface structure and active sites of activated carbons were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The proximate analysis including moisture content, ash content, bulk density, pH, and pH at zero charge was conducted to identify the psychochemical properties of the adsorbent. The results showed that the zinc chloride-activated carbon has better characteristics compared to the carbon without chemical activation.  

scholarly journals Penanganan Parameter yang Hilang dalam Aplikasi Penilaian Kualitas Air IKA-INA

Jurnal Ecolab ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Dewi Ratnaningsih ◽  
◽  
Retno Puji Lestari ◽  
Ernawita Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Phosphate ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Kualitas air di suatu wilayah yang merupakan salah satu indikator lingkungan dapat dievaluasi menggunakan parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Indeks Kualitas Air Indonesia (IKA-INA) dapat digunakan untuk menilai kondisi kualitas air secara menyeluruh pada lokasi dan waktu tertentu. IKA-INA dihitung dengan menggunakan sepuluh (10) parameter yaitu pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), NO3, NH3, Total Phosphate (TP) dan fecal coliform. IKA-INA tersebut merupakan indeks kualitas air yang dapat memberikan informasi secara sederhana. Dalam pemanfaatannya, tidak semua data parameter dalam IKA-INA tersebut dapat terpenuhi karena adanya data tidak valid atau data yang hilang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memberi alternatif rumusan IKA-INA dengan parameter yang tidak lengkap atau jika tidak semua data dalam parameters tersebut tersedia. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyusun rumusan adalah dengan melakukan koreksi faktor bobot parameter IKA-INA terhadap parameter yang hilang dan nilai Q (nilai sub-indeks). Setelah itu dilakukan uji coba pada nilai baku mutu air dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22/2021 Lampiran VI serta pada data kualitas air sungai yang mewakili kualitas baik dan buruk. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa bobot parameter terkoreksi dapat digunakan untuk penanganan parameter yang hilang dalam penilaian kualitas air dengan metode IKA-INA. Hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter hilang yang menggunakan bobot terkoreksi dan hasil IKA-INA dengan parameter lengkap mayoritas memberikan status IKA yang tidak berbeda, kecuali untuk parameter fecal coli dan parameter yang mempunyai kadar jauh berbeda terhadap kondisi air secara keseluruhan.

scholarly journals Effect of pH of Coagulant on the Treatment of Wastewater from Tofu Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 04006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Aditya ◽  
Sutrasno Kartohardjono
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Environmental Quality Standard ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
National Environmental ◽  
Ultrafiltration Process

Wastewater generated from the tofu industry usually still contains high organic pollutants that can contaminate the surface water. Therefore, it should be treated properly before it can be disposed to the environment. This study aims to evaluate the combination of coagulationflocculation and ultrafiltration methods in treating the wastewater from tofu industry. Based on the preliminary tests, the wastewater from tofu industry have pH, total dissolved solid (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 3.4, 870 - 1080 mg/L, 370 mg/L, 446 FAU and 7954 mg/L, respectively. The coagulant and membrane used in this study were Poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and the ceramic membrane, respectively. Experimental results showed that the best pH for coagulation-flocculation process is at pH of 7.0, and this pH was then used for ultrafiltration process. The flux of the ultrafiltration membrane increased with increasing the trans membrane pressure due to increasing driving force. The observed parameters such as TSS and turbidity of wastewater decreased drastically after experiencing ultrafiltration process and met the National Environmental Quality Standard. However, the COD of water produced in the ultrafiltration process was still high and did not meet the National Environmental Quality Standard.

scholarly journals An Overview of River Side Pollutants and their Effects on Physico-Chemical Changes in Water Quality of River Halda, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-834
Author(s):  
Muhammad Towhid Moula ◽  
Ranjit K. Nath ◽  
Mh. Mosfeka Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Abu Bakar Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Physico Chemical

Halda is an important river of Bangladesh, is now polluted in different ways through industrial, agricultural, domestic and sewage disposal. Increased anthropogenic activities have increased the potential pollution of the river and excessive pollutants may be toxic to humans and aquatic fauna. Presence of heavy metals in the river water causes perilous impact on the aquatic organisms. Hence, regular monitoring of pollution levels in the river is indispensable. In this study, we discuss about physico-chemical assessments of water quality parameters viz. pH, dissolve oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solid (TS), total suspended solid (TSS), total dissolved substance (TDS), total alkalinity, turbidity, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, chloride and heavy metals in the water of Halda river during rainy and winter seasons, at different points; sources of pollutants in water and their effects given starting from the early research until the current research.

Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Electrocoagulation Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 363-367
Author(s):  
Tipakorn Suwannarat ◽  
Nipon Pisutpaisal ◽  
Siriorn Boonyawanich
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The purpose of current study was to examine the ability of electrocoagulation in decreasing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) constituted in palm oil mill effluent. Bench-scale batch reactor containing two aluminum or steel plates (10 cm width × 30 cm height with 0.1 cm thickness) serving as electrodes with the interval distance of 3 cm was set up. The wastewater with COD concentration of 68,425 mg L-1 was treated in the reactor under the varied direct currents (0.3-1.3 A) and contact time (30-120 min). Sodium chloride was added to the wastewater to obtain the final concentration of 2 g L-1 (conductivity of 10 ms) prior to being fed into the reactor. The results showed that higher treatment efficiency when the aluminum was used as electrodes compared to the steel. COD removal efficiency was directly proportional to the contact time. The maximum COD and TSS removal observed at 1.3 A current input and 60 min contact time are 74.1 and 77.0%, respectively.

Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment Using Electrocoagulation-Adsorption Hybrid Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Yong Yin Sia ◽  
Ivy Ai Wei Tan ◽  
Mohammad Omar Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil processing is a multi-stage operation which generates large amount of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Due to its potential to cause environmental pollution, POME must be treated prior to discharge. Electrocoagulation (EC), adsorption (AD), combined EC and AD, and EC integrated with AD have demonstrated great potential to remove various organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater. Up to date, no study has been found on POME treatment using EC-AD hybrid process. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the feasibility of applying EC-AD hybrid process as an alternative treatment for POME. The EC-AD hybrid process achieved higher removal of total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour as compared to EC and AD stand-alone processes. The EC-AD hybrid process reduced 79% of TSS, 44% of COD and 89% of colour from POME. The adsorption kinetics of TSS, COD and colour were best interpreted using pseudo-second-order model, which indicated that the adsorption rate was mainly controlled by chemisorption. Overall, the EC-AD hybrid process could be recommended as an alternative treatment for POME.

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