scholarly journals Phenotypic Diversity of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from Benue River and a Tributary in North East Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-018
Author(s):  
Mamndeyati Ndekimbe Uruku ◽  
Innocent Agbo Adikwu ◽  
Oyediran Olusegun Oyebola ◽  
Timothy E. Uchendu
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
North East ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
The Mean

Phenotypic Variability of Sampled Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Population were assessed. 30 matured samples of Clarias gariepinus of different sizes were bought from artisanal fisherfolks using various fishing gears, morphometric and meristic attributes and other adaptive traits were characterized. Phenotypic heterogeneity (Coefficient of Variability > 10%) and multiple modes in Meristic and morphometric Values were assessed to imply plasticity and taxonomic complications respectively. Twenty morphometric and nine meristic attributes were measured in all the collected individuals and measured to the nearest 0.01cm, using Vernier calipers. The mean value of meristic attributes varied from 6.20±0.93 in PELFR-R to 71.40±5.64 in DFR. Coefficient of variability of the population varied from 7.89 in DFR to 54.02 in PESES-L. Heterogeneity occurred in 77.8% of meristic attributes except DFR and CFR. Multiple modal was recorded in PESES-L, while the mean value of the morphometric attributes varied from 5.20±0.82 in OPD to 64.52±5.00 in DFL. Coefficient of variability of the population varied from 7.76 in DFL to 18.07 in CFW. Heterogeneity occurred in 82.4% of morphometric attributes. Five components accounted for 78.65% of the total variation using Principal Component Analysis on morphometric attributes. Two of the extracted components had CV > 10 (41.70%, and 15.02%). However, the scree plot shows the slope of the variation to favors the five component with Eigenvalue greater than one. The studied C. gariepinus population was characterized by heterogeneity of phenotypic values and the population can be taxonomically discriminated by meristic and morpho types.

scholarly journals Intra-line and inter-line genetic diversity in sire lines of the Old Kladruber horse based on microsatellite analysis of DNA

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
O. Kracíková ◽  
B. Hofmanová ◽  
V. Czerneková ◽  
T. Kott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coefficient Of Relationship

The Old Kladruber horse is the oldest original Czech horse breed &ndash; gene resource, with pedigree records spanning three centuries. Because the population is closed, there is a concern about the loss of genetic variation. The genetic diversity within and amongst sire lines was evaluated using microsatellite markers and based on pedigree information. The DNA analysis, covering 16 microsatellite loci, revealed that the genetic diversity (observed heterozygosity = 0.637, genetic diversity = 0.678 and the mean number of alleles = 8.25) for the Old Kladruber horse is consistent with other populations of horses. Inter-line genetic difference in sire lines reached the mean value (the F<sub>ST</sub> values ranged from 0.020 to 0.017). Differences amongst the sire lines were identified using genetic distances and principal component analysis. One gene cluster comprised black variation sire lines, while the second cluster included the sire lines of the grey variation. In the subjects monitored, the average inbreeding coefficient of 0.076 was estimated on the basis of pedigree information. The highest mean values of the coefficient of relationship were estimated within the colour variations. When comparing the genetic distance and the average coefficient of relationship, differences were found out. These results are useful for the development of breeding strategies which consider classical horse breeding as well as recent achievements of population and conservation genetics.

scholarly journals Genotyping by Sequencing Reveals Genetic Relatedness of Southwestern U.S. Blue Maize Landraces

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3436
Author(s):  
Amol N. Nankar ◽  
Richard C. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Blue Maize ◽  
Kernel Traits

Maize has played a key role in the sustenance and cultural traditions of the inhabitants of the southwestern USA for many centuries. Blue maize is an important component of the diverse landraces still cultivated in the region but the degree to which they are related is unknown. This research was designed to ascertain the genotypic, morphological, and phenotypic diversity of six representative southwestern blue maize landraces. Their genotypic diversity was examined using tunable genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS™). A total of 81,038 high quality SNPs were identified and obtained through tGBS. A total of 45 morphological and biochemical traits were evaluated at two locations in New Mexico. The varieties Los Lunas High and Flor del Rio were genetically less related with other southwestern landraces whereas diffusion between Navajo Blue, Hopi Blue, Yoeme Blue, and Taos Blue demonstrated that these landraces were genetically related. Phenotypic variability was highest for kernel traits and least for plant traits. Plant, ear, and kernel traits were fairly consistent within and across locations. Principal component analysis and tGBS showed that Corn Belt variety ‘Ohio Blue’ was distinctly different from southwestern landraces. Genotypic analysis displayed that southwestern landraces are genetically closely related, but selection has resulted in differing phenotypes. This study has provided additional insight into the genetic relatedness of southwestern blue maize landraces.

Pcbs in Soils around an Old Electric Transformer Factory in North China

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 550-553
Author(s):  
Zhi Yong Li ◽  
Lan Chen ◽  
Yu Heng Quan ◽  
Yan Song
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Total Pcbs ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Transformer Oils ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Compositional Patterns

The 28 surface soil samples (0-10 cm) were collected from the urban area of Baoding city nearby an old electric transformer factory for analysis of 84 PCB congeners. Total PCBs concentrations ranged from 0.69 to 11.15 ng/g (mean: 3.62 ng/g). The PCBs concentration (5.72 ng/g) for sampling sites in the vicinity (0-2.5 km) of the transformer factory was higher than that (2.96 ng/g) for other sampling sites. Compositional patterns of individual congener and homologs were similar to those of Chinese transformer oils. The top five congeners were PCB-6, 18, 22, 33 and 31/28 among the identified PCBs. Low chlorinated PCBs (di-to tetra-CBs) accounted for 69.58% of total PCBs concentrations and the predominant PCB homologs were tri-CBs (46.38%), penta-CBs (13.73%) and di-CBs (9.47%), respectively. Principal component analysis showed that technical formulations such as Chinese transformer oil, Aroclor1242, 1016, KC-300 and A-30 were the main sources of soils PCBs from Baoding city. The TEQ concentrations based on ten dioxin-like PCBs ranged from 0 to 26.0986 ng/kg with the mean value as 7.3336 ng/kg.

Analysis and Evaluation for Usability of the Low Hydrogen Type Structural Steel Covered Electrode

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 684-689
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Bao Wang ◽  
Jun Hua Gao
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steel ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Transfer Mode ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Information Values

Metal transfer mode of the low hydrogen type structural steel covered electrode is the one that coexists as the globular short-circuiting transfer and the fine droplet transfer in the flux-bridge. Component of the metal transfer modes has a direct effect on usability of the covered electrode. The oscillograms of the arc voltage and the welding current gained using the traditional photoelectric oscillograph can only qualitatively describe the general characteristics of metal transfer, but can’t make a quantitative analysis. Using the ANALYSATOR HANNOVER, the welding electrical parameters are measured and analyzed. Four characteristic information values correlated with usability of the covered electrode, such as the frequency of the globular short-circuiting transfer, the globular short-circuiting time, the mean value of the globular short-circuiting time and the mean value of the weighted arcing time, are extracted. The method of principal component analysis is applied to determining the evaluation index for usability of the covered electrode. Thereby quantitative evaluation for usability of the covered electrode is realized. A new method is offered for scientifically evaluating usability of the low hydrogen type structural steel covered electrode.

scholarly journals Assessment of phenotypic variability among EEA INTA Pergamino sunflower lines: Its relationship with the grain yield and oil content

OCL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Matías Domínguez ◽  
Stefanía Herrera ◽  
Julio Horacio González
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Selective Forces

The aims of the present study were to assess the phenotypic diversity among 221 sunflower accessions of INTA Pergamino Sunflower Breeding Program, to obtain discriminant functions that allow the classification of new accessions in similar groups and to evaluate the relationship between genetic distance pairwise accessions and hybrid performance for grain yield and oil content. We used 19 quantitative descriptors to evaluate phenotypic and morphological variability. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were used to evaluate simultaneously all the variables and to describe phenotypic variation patterns of the germplasm. The distribution of germplasm in the dendrogram did not follow a clear pattern with regard to the predefined groups. This study revealed the variability observed among the lines that form the INTA Pergamino breeding program despite the highly selective forces applied to obtain inbred lines that produce superior hybrids for the Argentinean sunflower area. This work demonstrates the need for more in-depth study of genetic variability to be used as a predictor of heterosis in sunflower.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of antioxidant enzymatic responses in the desiccation-tolerant bryophyte Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Ruchika Kashyap ◽  
Zsolt Csintalan ◽  
Katalin Veres ◽  
Evelin Ramóna Péli
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
North East ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Mean

Bryophytes are poikilohydric organisms that can be used as model plants to study desiccation tolerance mechanisms. The main objective of this study was to examine the activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) in the rehydrated and desiccated states in Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. & Mohr. from two slopes, one North-east (NE) and one South-west (SW) facing and collected in different seasons. Our results showed seasonal variation in the enzymatic activities of APX, CAT and POD between the slopes in both the rehydrated and desiccated states. The mean value of all the activities of APX, CAT and POD and MDA contents (a measure of lipid peroxidation) tended to be higher in moss cushions collected from the NE compared to the SW facing slopes except in summer season. The mean values of all enzymatic activities were higher in desiccated states as compared with rehydrated states. Protein content has lower values in summer and winter season. Differences in the antioxidant activities of the mosses growing on the two slopes may reflect adaptations to desiccation stress.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization of Wild and Cultured Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) using Principal Component and Cluster Analyses

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folasade A. OLA-OLADIMEJI ◽  
Michael O. AWODIRAN ◽  
Omotayo FAGBUARO ◽  
Adetola O. AKOMOLAFE
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Two Populations

The study was designed to describe the phenotypic variations in morphometric and meristic characters of Clarias gariepinus between two populations in different towns in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Fish samples were collected from Ero dam (wild population at Ikun Ekiti) and Christeve Aquaculture (cultured population at Iyin Ekiti) using cast net and dragging net. The samples were brought to Zoology Laboratory in Ekiti State University and measurements for morphometrics (24) and meristics (11) of each of the investigated catfish specimen were taken using standard procedures. To test the significance of morphological differences between the wild and cultured populations, all the data on morphometrics and meristics were subjected to student's t-test at 5% level of significance. Principal Component Analyses and cluster analyses were then employed to analyse the data obtained from the morphological traits using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) software. Significant differences were observed in the means of the morphometric and meristic traits. The multivariate analysis also showed differences between the studied populations.  These differences revealed the occurrence of heterogeneity between the two populations. Higher variations and sex related variations were also observed in the wild than in cultured population. The result show the potential for commercial purposes of the population. However, genetic markers can be used in further studies to confirm the phenotypic diversity observed and assess the amount of variation in these populations. 

A comparison of chronologies from tree rings

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt H. Riitters
Keyword(s):  
Ring Width ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Value Functions ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Median Polish ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Tree Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Component Scores

Forty-five-year ring width index chronologies were estimated by five mean-value functions applied to 183 ring width series from four similar sites. The effects of autocorrelation on the comparisons among mean-value functions were explored by fitting Box–Jenkins models to individual-tree index series prior to pooling (prewhitening), and to the pooled chronologies obtained from the mean-value functions (postwhitening). Among the mean-value functions tested, the principal component scores and the biweight yielded the highest cross correlations between chronologies from different sites, whereas the average, the median, and the median polish did not perform as well. Prewhitening and postwhitening tended to decrease both intersite correlations and correlations between chronologies from different mean-value functions for the same site.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Phenotypic Diversity of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces from Lamjung and Tanahun Districts, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anup Dhakal ◽  
Amrit Pokhrel ◽  
Shishir Sharma ◽  
Ankur Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Rice Landraces

The magnitude and nature of genetic divergence play a vital role in the selection of the desirable landraces for its utilization in the breeding program. A study was carried out with 30 rice landraces at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus, during June–November 2018 to determine relation among individuals, estimate the relative contribution of various traits of rice using principal component analysis, and identify the potential parents for hybridization using Mahalanobis distance (D2). The principal component analysis revealed that five among the thirteen principal components were significant (eigenvalue >1) and contributed to 29.96%, 20.26%, 13.56%, 11.68%, and 9.22% of the total variance, respectively. PC1 included the traits that were related mostly to the yield, yield attributing, and grain characteristics. Landraces from Anadi group, Jetho Budo, Jarneli, and Rato Masino performed well in PC1 while landraces such as Mansara, Pakhe Sali, and Aanga performed well in PC2. The landraces were grouped into six clusters where 12 landraces were grouped into cluster I. Cluster analysis showed maximum and minimum intracluster distance in cluster VI (D2 = 35.77) and cluster I (D2 = 18.59), respectively. The maximum intercluster distance was obtained between clusters V and VI (D2 = 40.18) followed by clusters III and VI (D2 = 36.17) and clusters IV and VI (D2 = 35.74). Cluster III showed the highest mean value for grain width, flag leaf breadth, yield, and minimum mean value for plant height while mean values of total grain per panicle, filled grain percentage, and thousand-grain weight were maximum in cluster IV. Mean values of effective tiller and kernel width were found maximum in clusters V and VI, respectively. Landraces from clusters V and VI or clusters III and VI or clusters IV and VI can be used in the hybridization program to develop the superior hybrids by exploiting heterosis in segregating generation.

scholarly journals Multiview Machine Vision Research of Fruits Boxes Handling Robot Based on the Improved 2D Kernel Principal Component Analysis Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xinning Li ◽  
Hu Wu ◽  
Xianhai Yang ◽  
Peng Xue ◽  
Shuai Tan
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Kernel Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
The Mean

In order to better realize the orchard intelligent mechanization and reduce the labour intensity of workers, the study of intelligent fruit boxes handling robot is necessary. The first condition to realize intelligence is the fruit boxes recognition, which is the research content of this paper. The method of multiview two-dimensional (2D) recognition was adopted. A multiview dataset for fruits boxes was built. For the sake of the structure of the original image, the model of binary multiview 2D kernel principal component analysis network (BM2DKPCANet) was established to reduce the data redundancy and increase the correlation between the views. The method of multiview recognition for the fruits boxes was proposed combining BM2DKPCANet with the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The performance was verified by comparing with principal component analysis network (PCANet), 2D principal component analysis network (2DPCANet), kernel principal component analysis network (KPCANet), and binary multiview kernel principal component analysis network (BMKPCANet) in terms of recognition rate and time consumption. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of the method is 11.84% higher than the mean value of PCANet though it needs more time. Compared with the mean value of KPCANet, the recognition rate exceeded 2.485%, and the time saved was 24.5%. The model can meet the requirements of fruits boxes handling robot.

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