Assessment of phenotypic variability among EEA INTA Pergamino sunflower lines: Its relationship with the grain yield and oil content

The aims of the present study were to assess the phenotypic diversity among 221 sunflower accessions of INTA Pergamino Sunflower Breeding Program, to obtain discriminant functions that allow the classification of new accessions in similar groups and to evaluate the relationship between genetic distance pairwise accessions and hybrid performance for grain yield and oil content. We used 19 quantitative descriptors to evaluate phenotypic and morphological variability. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were used to evaluate simultaneously all the variables and to describe phenotypic variation patterns of the germplasm. The distribution of germplasm in the dendrogram did not follow a clear pattern with regard to the predefined groups. This study revealed the variability observed among the lines that form the INTA Pergamino breeding program despite the highly selective forces applied to obtain inbred lines that produce superior hybrids for the Argentinean sunflower area. This work demonstrates the need for more in-depth study of genetic variability to be used as a predictor of heterosis in sunflower.

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Morphometric variation and taxonomic identification of thirteen wild rose populations from Tunisia

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.1515/botcro-2015-0008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zohra Ben Cheikh-Affene ◽

Faouzi Haouala ◽

Fethia Harzallah-Skhiri

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Taxonomic Identification ◽

Morphometric Variation ◽

Central Tunisia ◽

Hierarchical Cluster Analyses

AbstractThirteen populations of wild roses (Rosa L.) growing in northern and central Tunisia have been used for studies on the discrimination between accessions and populations. Thirty-eight morphological characters related to the branches, prickles, leaves and corymbs were measured on the collected accessions to study the phenotypic diversity among and within species. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses (PCA and HCA) separated rose accessions into two distinctive groups and eight subgroups. A taxonomic interpretation of the morphological variability has shown that Tunisian rose populations belong to two sections (Synstylae and Caninae) of the genus Rosa. Moreover, they have been identified as seven separated taxa: R. sempervirens L., R. sempervirens var. submoshata Rouy., R. sempervirens var. prostrata Lindl. belonging to Synstylae section and R. canina L., R. agrestis Savi., R. micrantha Smith. and R. dumetorum Thuill. belonging to Caninae section. PCA and HCA proved that morphological characters used in taxonomic identification such as styles form, leaf and leaflets length, number of flowers by corymb, leaflet serration, presence of glands in leaflet, peduncle, receptacle and sepal have a high value of discrimination, and have been very successful in morphological identification.

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Essential Oil Content of Baccharis crispa Spreng. Regulated by Water Stress and Seasonal Variation

AgriEngineering ◽

10.3390/agriengineering2030031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 458-470

Author(s):

Maria Alejandra Moreno-Pizani ◽

Franklin Javier Paredes-Trejo ◽

Asdrubal Jesus Farias-Ramirez ◽

Hugo Thaner dos Santos ◽

Adna Prado Massarioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Metabolite Profiles

Carqueja (Baccharis crispa Spreng.) has been primarily used as a medicinal plant around the world. Commercially, the essential oil content of carqueja leaves is the most valuable crop productivity variable. We evaluated the effect of irrigation management in different growing seasons on the essential oil content of carqueja leaves using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located in Southern Brazil, where the crop was cultivated for two years in different growing seasons under six irrigation regimes: 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, and 150% of the reference crop evapotranspiration (T25, T50, T75, T100, T125, and T150, respectively). A seasonal pattern was observed in the number of metabolites of sesquiterpenes and phenolics in the essential oil extracted from the biomass; this outcome was correlated with irrigation regimes and air temperature. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to discriminate the influence of abiotic conditions on secondary metabolite profiles. Spathulenol was the most abundant compound in the essential oils (95.43%) collected during the summer (December–March) season during the third harvest (H3) at T150. The essential oil content was 8.84% ± 0.05% and 10.52% ± 0.10% in summer and winter (June–September), respectively, with T100 at 45 and 46 days after planting.

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Polymorphism analysis in some Algerian Opuntia species using morphological and phenological UPOV descriptors

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.887 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 391 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Boubakr Hadjkouider ◽

Ammar Boutekrabt ◽

Bahia Lallouche ◽

Salim Lamine ◽

Néjia Zoghlami

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Relative Magnitude ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽

New Varieties

Background: In the present study, we have investigated the morphological variation in a set of five Opuntia species from the Algerian steppes using 49 UPOV descriptors.Questions: which of the 49 descriptors that can be used as powerful estimators of the phenotypic diversity within Opuntia species? How is the morphological diversity patterned in Algerian Opuntia?Species study/ Mathematical model: Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia amycleae, Opuntia streptacantha, Opuntia engelmannii, Opuntia robusta. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis were used.Study site: Four counties were studied located in the Algerian steppes. The present research was carried out during 2014.Methods: 49 descriptors adopted by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) were employed in the present research, where cladode, flower and fruit traits were used to determine the overall degree of polymorphism among 5 Opuntia species.Results: Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis indicated a consistent differentiation between all studied species. The relative magnitude of the first two PCA eigenvectors showed that 8 descriptors out of 49 were identified as the most important descriptors for the classification of the species. The dendrogram performed on the calculated Euclidean distances between all species pairs allowed the identification of 3 groups, unlike the PCA that identified 4 groups. The species Opuntia ficus-indica and Opuntia amycleae were identified as very close morphologically.Conclusions: The present outcome represents a paramount step towards the fast selection of interesting species and for their best management and conservation.

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Phenotypic Diversity of Nepalese Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) Accessions at IAAS, Rampur, Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12413 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 285-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Biswash Raj Bastola ◽

M.P. Pandey ◽

B.R. Ojha ◽

S.K. Ghimire ◽

K. Baral

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Thousand Kernel Weight ◽

Finger Length ◽

Grain Color ◽

Finger Width

An experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Nepal during July 2011 to September 2011 with an objectine to determine phenotypic variability of Nepalese finger millet landraces using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. F- Value of REML procedure of mixed model analysis revealed that highly significant variation was observed in all studied 17 traits. Grain yield per plant was positive and highly significant correlated with grain yield per ear (0.769**) followed by plant height (0.529**), productive tillers number (0.473**), days to maturity (0.471**), days to heading (0.460**), days to flowering (0.457**), straw yield per plant (0.348**), finger number per ear (0.320**), thousand kernel weight (0.281**), flag leaf sheath width (0.230**) and finger length (0.211**). The ear shape (H’= 3.42) followed by grain color (H’= 3.35) showed high genetic diversity after estimated by using Shannon- Weaver index. 46% open type ear shape, 40% light brown grain color, 66% non-pigmentation, 70% absence of inflorescence branch and 54% absence of finger branch were found dominant to other on studied accessions. The distribution pattern was observed by using Ward’s minimumvariance method into five clusters. The number of accessions in a cluster was ranged from 18 in cluster IV to 1 in cluster V. The cluster V (accession no. 10996) and III (accessions no. 431 and 11024) showed early phenological traits, lowest in finger length, finger width, finger number per ear, thousand kernel weight, grain yield per ear and grain yield per plant. The cluster II and IV showed late maturity type, long finger length and width, high in finger number per ear, grain yield per ear, grain yield per plant and plant height. The first five principal components accounted for 74.9% of total variance among 50 accessions. Most of variation was contributed from phenological characters, plant height, grain yield per ear, finger length, finger width, finger number per ear and productive tillers number. These traits were positively correlated with grain yield and can be used in selection for breeding programs.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 285-290 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12413

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Genotyping by Sequencing Reveals Genetic Relatedness of Southwestern U.S. Blue Maize Landraces

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3436

Author(s):

Amol N. Nankar ◽

Richard C. Pratt

Keyword(s):

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Plant Traits ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Genotypic Analysis ◽

Maize Landraces ◽

Blue Maize ◽

Kernel Traits

Maize has played a key role in the sustenance and cultural traditions of the inhabitants of the southwestern USA for many centuries. Blue maize is an important component of the diverse landraces still cultivated in the region but the degree to which they are related is unknown. This research was designed to ascertain the genotypic, morphological, and phenotypic diversity of six representative southwestern blue maize landraces. Their genotypic diversity was examined using tunable genotyping-by-sequencing (tGBS™). A total of 81,038 high quality SNPs were identified and obtained through tGBS. A total of 45 morphological and biochemical traits were evaluated at two locations in New Mexico. The varieties Los Lunas High and Flor del Rio were genetically less related with other southwestern landraces whereas diffusion between Navajo Blue, Hopi Blue, Yoeme Blue, and Taos Blue demonstrated that these landraces were genetically related. Phenotypic variability was highest for kernel traits and least for plant traits. Plant, ear, and kernel traits were fairly consistent within and across locations. Principal component analysis and tGBS showed that Corn Belt variety ‘Ohio Blue’ was distinctly different from southwestern landraces. Genotypic analysis displayed that southwestern landraces are genetically closely related, but selection has resulted in differing phenotypes. This study has provided additional insight into the genetic relatedness of southwestern blue maize landraces.

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Varietal evaluation of promising maize genotypes in mid hills of Nepal

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.3126/janr.v3i2.32491 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 127-139

Author(s):

Bipin Neupane ◽

Ankur Poudel ◽

Pradeep Wagle

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Block Design ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Hybrid Maize

The varietal evaluation of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes with desired performance is one of the main objectives of maize breeding program. Fourteen hybrid maize genotypes were evaluated for 17 quantitative and nine qualitative traits in randomized complete block design with three replications at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal during May to September, 2019. The major objective was to identify superior genotypes based on genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance, and correlation between grain yield and yield associated traits. We observed significant differences for 17 quantitative traits among the tested genotypes. Large variation was observed for grain yield among genotypes. Genotype RL-24-0/ RL-111 had the lowest yield (5.53 mt/ha) and Pioneer had the highest yield (11.98 mt/ha) whereas check variety Rampur Hybrid-10 yielded of 8.23 mt/ha. Grain yield showed highly significant positive correlations with stem girth (r= 0.67) and number of ears (r=0.6), but significant negative correlation with anthesis-silking interval (r= -0.55). The dendrogram grouped 14 genotypes into four clusters. Cluster I incorporated the highest number (five) of genotypes, which also had highest cluster mean (average yield of ~10 mt/ha) for grain yield. Traits namely test weight, ear aspect, anthesis-silking interval, number of ears, and tassel branching had high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations, and heritability along with high genetic advances, indicating that these traits can be considered for maize breeding program.

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Distributional Range, Population Variability and Ecology of Striga aspera in Kogi State, Nigeria

10.1101/2020.04.11.017574 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aigbokhan Emmanuel Izaka ◽

Ohiaba Emmanuel Enemadukwu

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Vegetation Type ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Distribution Range ◽

Forest Belt ◽

Southern Limit ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Derived Savanna

ABSTRACTHemiparasitic Striga (Orobanchaceae) commonly called witchweed is native to tropical Africa. Striga aspera parasitizes wild grasses and its distribution range in Nigeria extends from the Sudan savanna to Guinea Savanna to the southern limit of the Derived savanna just before the forest belt is reached. This study aims to identify and delineate the incidence and distribution range and infestation patterns of Striga aspera within the different floristic areas within in Kogi State (Southern Guinea Savanna) and to establish if vegetation type and edaphic have potential influences on Striga presence. To determine the distribution range and potential hosts of Striga aspera, several opportunistic road reconnaissance surveys were conducted traversing six major towns in Kogi State (Kabba, Okene, Lokoja, Idah, Ayingba and Igala-mela) from July to September, 2015. Identified Striga infested sites were georeferenced and subjected to further vegetation analysis obtained from randomly placed 0.5 m x 0.5 m quadrats in triplicates and compared with adjoining uninfected control sites. Data for the following attributes were collected: density, relative frequency, relative density and summed dominance ratio. To isolate and determine potential Striga host, an inventory of common companion plants at infested sites were taken and screened for presence of haustorium. Edaphic soils properties were determined using standard laboratory protocols. Degree of phenotypic variability within and among the different Striga populations were determine using 14 morphological characters obtained from 10 randomly selected witchweed plants at each infested sites and evaluated using Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Nine sites: Idaku, Alokoina (1 and 2), Ala, Adogo (1 and 2), Ichekene, Indori and Old-Egume Road) were found to be Striga infested and all were confined to the low open woodland Southern Guinea savanna (SGS) vegetation dominated by Daniellia/Prosopis complex. The common S. aspera host was found to be Digitaria sp. Other companion species common at infested sites were: Sida acuta, Centrosema pubesence, Mariscus flabelliformis, Chloris pilosa, Pennisetum pedicellatum and Synderella nodiflora. Soil chemical profile reveals that S. aspera infestation as commonly occurs in areas acidic soils of pH ranging from 5.3 to 5.7. The Cluster analysis clearly show the similarity among S. aspera identified while the PCA clearly segregated the different locations where S. aspera was found. Findings in this study suggest that not all areas in the Derived savanna in Kogi State despite similar climatic and edaphic conditions support Striga infestation which showed a clustered distribution pattern. This strongly support the hypothesis that vegetation types operating at the microenvironment level may exert influences in witchweed infestation patterns.

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Morphological and molecular diversity and genetic structure of Moroccan cultivated almond (Prunus dulcisMill.) beside some foreign varieties

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262114000094 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 308-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abdelali El Hamzaoui ◽

Ahmed Oukabli ◽

Mohiéddine Moumni

Keyword(s):

Morphological Traits ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Fruit Traits ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Clustering Approach

In this study, 15 morphological traits and 16 microsatellite markers were used to assess the morphological variability and structure of 68 (33 local and 35 foreign) almond accessions (Prunus dulcis(Mill.) D.A. Webb). Extensive phenotypic diversity was found among the accessions, and results indicated a high variation in leaf and fruit traits. Varieties were separated into two distinct groups with a similarity coefficient of 0.761. Morphological traits were categorized by principal component analysis into five components, which explained 86.5% of the total variation. Nut and kernel traits were dominant in the two first components, accounting for 49.4% of the variation. By contrast, leaf traits accounted for 18.4% of the variation in the third component. The results of molecular analysis (Bayesian clustering approach) did not correspond to morphological groupings, and the second approach was more discriminate. The combination of both approaches revealed the richness among the collected plant materials, which will be useful in breeding programmes of this species.

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Phenotypic Diversity of Doum Palm (Hyphaene compressa), a Semi‐Domesticated Palm in the Arid and Semi‐Arid Regions of Kenya

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2020/4920830 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Agnes Omire ◽

Nancy L. M. Budambula ◽

Johnstone Neondo ◽

Robert Gituru ◽

Cecilia Mweu

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Fruit Traits ◽

Coastal Regions ◽

Linear Discriminant

Hyphaene compressa is an economically important palm in Africa. Despite its significant role in the livelihoods of rural communities, the diversity of doum palm is poorly documented and studied. In addition, it has no model descriptor that can aid such studies. Ninety H. compressa accessions collected from Northern, Eastern, and Coastal regions of Kenya were examined to determine the morphological variability of the vegetative and fruit traits of H. compressa and to identify its morphotypes for improvement. A total of 19 morphological characters including seven quantitative and 12 qualitative traits of fruit and vegetative traits were selected. Linear mixed-effects models, principal component analysis, and linear discriminant analyses were used to assess the variation in the morphological traits of doum palm based on the regions. Hierarchical clustering was performed to identify the morphotypes of H. compressa. There was variability in H. compressa morphological traits, particularly at the Kenyan Coast. All seven quantitative traits were able to effectively discriminate doum palm phenotypically p ≤ 0.001 . The 90 accessions clustered into five morphotypes designated as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Morphotype 4 was specific only to the Coastal region. Morphotype 5 had the tallest trees with the biggest fruits and included palms from Eastern and Coastal regions making it the best morphotype for fruit traits. This study will inform the domestication, improvement, and conservation of H. compressa by selecting elite accessions.

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PHENETIC AND UNSUPERVISED MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM (WIGHT) WALP

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v52i1.1255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 249-258

Author(s):

Abdulrahman & et al.

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Woody Plants ◽

De Novo ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Data Matrix ◽

Documented Information ◽

Study Species

Myrtaceae family is widely distributed in Asia has been the largest group of plant; mainly trees and few shrubs. Distributed all over the world in tropical and subtropical areas. Syzygium is the largest genus with economical value found all over the Malaysian Peninsular. Evolutionary relationships within the Syzygium is unclear and there are currently no reliable criteria to divide the genus into manageable entities for systematic study. Species of Syzygium is the richest genus of woody plants in South East Asia with approximately 1000 or more species but little is known about the genus. Syzygium polyanthum Wight is one of the favourites Ulam that have been consumed for ages in Peninsular Malaysia and also as herbal medicine. The species is widely misunderstood due to extreme morphological variability, similarity in aroma and flavor. The species is substituted or adulterated with several other species. The study was aimed to construct phenetic tree and unsupervised multivariate analysis from morphological and anatomical the data matrix. Phenetic analysis, Principal component and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed they are two different cultivars species but inter variation exited among cultivars of same species. The above documented information has added new taxonomic information with regard to the identification of the cultivars in Peninsular Malaysia. The study recommends further study on de novo sequence of Serai kayu and Serai kayu hutan.

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