scholarly journals Effect of variation in air conditioner temperature on peak expiratory flow rate of air conditioner users

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Swarnali Chakrabarty ◽  
Qazi Shamima Akhter ◽  
Lala Shourav Das ◽  
Mohammad Mostafizur Rahman Department of Physiology ◽  
Dhaka medical college ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lung Functions ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Apparently Healthy

As a result of increasing environmental temperature, use of air conditioner (AC) has become very popular specially in the urban areas mostly during warmer months of the year. Exposure to cold, dry air of AC on a regular basis can cause various alternations in lung functions of AC users which can lead to many future lung diseases. These alternations in lung functions can be influenced by the temperature at which AC is regulated. This cross-sectional study was conducted to observe the effects of air conditioner use and variation of AC temperature on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of apparently healthy adult male and female living in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The study group (group A) consisted of 48 apparently healthy adult male and female who were exposed to air conditioner for at least 6 hours per day for minimum 5 days per week for the past 2 to 4 years. They were divided into two subgroups based on temperature at which AC was regulated. Group A1 consisted of 24 subjects (12 male and 12 female) who were exposed to AC for at least 6 hours per day for minimum 5 days per week for the past 2 to 4 years and where temperature of the AC was constantly regulated in between 18° C to 22°C. Group A2 consisted of 24 subjects (12 male and 12 female) who were exposed to AC for the same period of time but where AC was constantly regulated in between 23°C to 25°C. The control group (group B) consisted of similar number of age, gender, BMI and socioeconomically matched subjects who did not use air conditioner nearly at all. Actual, predicted and percentage of predicted value of PEFR were estimated in both the study and control group using Minato Autospiro AS-507. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired Student’s ‘t’ test and p value 0.05 was taken as level of significance. In this study mean actual and percentage (%) of predicted value of PEFR were significantly lower in AC users in comparison to nonusers in case of both male and female. Between two groups of AC users, mean actual and percentage of predicted value of PEFR were significantly lower in the group where AC temperature was constantly regulated in between 18°C to 22°C in comparison to the group where AC temperature was constantly regulated in between 23°C to 25°C. Use of AC can significantly reduce lung functions of AC users and lower AC temperature is associated with more reduction of PEFR in AC users.

scholarly journals Methods: Blood Platelet Counts of the Golden Hamster, Cricetus auratus

Blood ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 948-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH OTTIS ◽  
OSCAR E. TAUBER
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Blood Platelet Count ◽  
Direct Counts

Abstract Healthy, adult male and female golden hamsters, 3 months of age, showed blood platelet count means of 688,000 ± 141,000 per cu. mm. and 742,000 ± 120,000 per cu. mm., respectively, when direct counts were made with siliconized pipets and with Rees and Ecker fluid as a diluent.

scholarly journals Occupational health hazards in street sweepers of Chandrapur city, central India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Patil Priyanka ◽  
R. K. Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Problems ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Street sweepers play an important role in maintaining health and hygiene in cities. They are exposed to road dust and other contaminants while cleaning streets. Exposure of this dust and contaminants irritates respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction. Twenty workers were selected as sample size (10 male and 10 female) and 10 individual as control (5 male and 5 female) for analysis of occupational health hazards in street sweepers of Chandrapur city. The study was carried out from November 2015 to January 2016. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate analysis which was carried out through Breath-o meter and other occupational health hazards through interview schedule specially designed and developed for this study. The results of the study showed that, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate values were lower in exposed workers (sample population) as compared with control group. These workers were exposed to number of environmental and occupational hazards leading to musculoskeletal disorders (100%), respiratory problems (95%), dermatological problems (90%), headache (75%) and gastrointestinal problems (15%) during work. It was further observed that theses workers were suffering from allergies (100%), cough and cold (75%), asthma and bronchitis lungs (65%), hearing disorder (50%), malaria and typhoid (25%), fever (15%) and vomiting (10%) after completion of work. To reduce occupational health hazards in sweepers, they must be made alert and aware of potential health risk arising from their work. Reduction in exposure and use of personal protective equipments should be encouraged.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-6, Issue-2, Mar-May 2017, Page: 9-18

Pastoral Counselors: Their Attitudes Toward Gay and Lesbian Clients

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna M. Hochstein
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Pastoral Counselors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adult Mental Health ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
Sex Role Stereotyping ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Female Clients

Interprets an empirical research project involving 190 pastoral counselors in terms of a set of homosexual and lesbian variables. Notes that pastoral counselors do not rate gay male and lesbian clients as significantly different from heterosexual male and female clients but do manifest significant differences between male and female clients. Observes that pastoral counselors' standards for healthy adult mental health tend to be that of a healthy adult male and that female clients are assessed either as healthy persons but as unhealthy women or as healthy women and as unhealthy persons. Concludes that the sex-role stereotyping revealed in the study discriminates against both men and women. Discusses pastoral implications in view of the research findings.

scholarly journals Study on peak expiratory flow rate and its influencing factors in healthy school children in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Ramamani D. ◽  
Iyanar Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
School Children ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Mean

Background: The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is useful to screen and monitor the severity of asthma in children. Many studies have documented that age, height and weight are some of the main factors that affect the PEFR. Thus, the present study was done to find the PEFR values among the school children and to find the factors that influences the PEFR values in our geographical area.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in school children belong the rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 378 students of both the gender at the age group of 5-10 years were selected for the study. The PEFR was measured by making the participant seated comfortably. One peak flow meter was used for 25 children and mouthpiece was changed for each student.Results: The PEFR value among and male and female participants was analyzed statistically (Table 2). The mean value of male and female study population was 169.53±37.38 and 146.24±33.01 respectively. The difference in the mean values were statistically significant (p=0.001) and found to be high in male participants. The Pearson correlation r between PEFR with height is 0.463, thus showing a positive correlation with the p˂0.001 which is statistically significant. The Pearson correlation r between PEFR and chest circumference is 0.335 thus indicating a positive correlation between PEFR and chest circumference.Conclusions: From the present study, the normal values of PEFR has been deduced for the healthy school children in our geographical area. Further, it was found that the height and chest circumference are influencing factors for PEFR. Further regression equation has been derived that can help us to find the approximate PEFR values with the help of height and chest circumference of the children.

scholarly journals Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Hair Serum Product in Healthy Adult Male and Female Volunteers with Hair Fall

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 691-700
Author(s):  
Muhammed Majeed ◽  
Shaheen Majeed ◽  
Kalyanam Nagabhushanam ◽  
Lakshmi Mundkur ◽  
Prakriti Neupane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Healthy Adult Male

Non-Organ Specific Autoantibodies in Malignant Diseases

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Gray ◽  
A. L. C. McLay ◽  
W. D. Thompson ◽  
D. Donald ◽  
C. H. W. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Immunological Surveillance ◽  
Expected Increase ◽  
Apparently Healthy

A significant increase in non-organ specific autoantibodies is demonstrated in 13 per cent of the sera from 202 patients with histologically proven malignancies, as compared with only 4 per cent of sera from 214 age and sex matched control patients. It appears that the incidence of autoantibodies is related to the histological type of the tumour but not to the presence or absence of tumour dissemination. While the control group shows the expected increase in both incidence and titre of autoantibodies with increasing age, the malignant patients show no such pattern, i.e. in cancer patients autoantibodies occur with equal frequency and at similar titres regardless of age. The absence of an age related increase in incidence and titre of non organ specific autoantibodies does not appear to have been reported previously. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that cancer is associated with a breakdown of immunological surveillance, not only in old but also in young cancer patients. Thus the finding of non organ specific autoantibodies, especially to smooth muscle antigen, in an apparently healthy adult could be considered evidence of such a breakdown, carrying with it an increased risk of neoplasia.

scholarly journals SENAM ASMA MENINGKATKAN PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE DAN MENURUNKAN FREKUENSI KAMBUH PENDERITA ASMA BRONKIAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sunarno
Keyword(s):  
Peak Expiratory Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Test Control

Penyakit asma diderita sekitar 300 juta penduduk dunia, dan 4% warga Indonesia. Kambuh asma ialah episode sesak nafas penyempitan saluran bronkus, kesulitan ekspirasi, ukuran peak expiratory flow dapat merepresentasi kondisi asma. Olahraga dan aktifitas fisik bermanfaat menurunkan stres, meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, rasa percaya diri, kapasitas pernafasan. Latihan otot pernapasan dan otot dada meningkatan kapasitas dan volume paru, termasuk kemampuan ekspirasi. Namun bagi penderita asma bisa memicu kambuh, sebagai Exercise Induce Bronchosconstriction (EIB). Senam asma adalah aktifitas fisik terukur terkendali untuk penderita asma, dirancang berbeda-beda dalam hal waktu, pengulangan dan durasi perlakuan. Observasi awal mendapatkan senam asma 58 menit 1 kali seminggu, selama 6-8 minggu, sebagian penderita tidak mampu mengikuti sepenuh waktu. Diperlukan masukan aktifitas fisik yang aman dan efektif bagi penderita asma, sekaligus menepis persepsi EIB. Rancangan senam yang utamanya melatih otot-otot pernafasan dan dada, terukur dan terkendali, bertujuan mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan peak expiratory flow rate dan penurunan frekuensi kambuh. Senam 30 menit 1 dan 2 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu, untuk dianalisis pengaruhnya terhadap peak expiratory flow rate dan frekuensi kambuh penderita asma. Pre test post test control group design pada accidental random sampling 2 kelompok masing-masing 10 responden Klub Asma RS Persahabatan Jakarta, tanggal 13 Juni sampai dengan 6 Oktober 2010. Kelompok 1 mendapatkan perlakuan senam 30 menit sekali seminggu selama 6 minggu, sedang kelompok 2 mendapat perlakuan senam yang sama 2 kali seminggu. Data peak expiratory flow rate dan frekuensi kambuh dianalisis dengan SPSS. Uji komparabilitas peak expiratory flow rate dan frekuensi kambuh sebelum dan sesudah senam dengan significant level (α=5%), baik kelompok 1 dan 2 didapatkan p<0,05 (p1=0,000; p2=0,023; p3=0,000; p4=0,004), menunjukkan peningkatan peak expiratory flow rate (5-10) % pada kelompok I dan (15-20) % kelompok 2. Frekuensi kambuh menurun dari rerata 4-6 kali per bulan menjadi 2 – 4 kali per bulan kelompok 1, pada kelompok 2 dari rerata 4-6 kali per bulan menjadi 1-2 kali per bulan. Uji beda kenaikan peak expiratory flow rate dan penurunan frekuensi kambuh antara kelompok 1 dan 2 dengan didapatkan seluruh p<0,05 (p1=-0,002; p2=-0,001), menunjukkan perbedaan.Senam asma 30 menit 1 kali seminggu selama 6 minggu berpengaruh meningkatkan peak expiratory flow rate sebesar 5-10% (p<0,05); dan menurunkan frekuensi kambuh 40% , dari rerata 4-6 kali per bulan menjadi 2 – 4 kali per bulan. Senam yang sama 2 kali seminggu meningkatkan peak expiratory flow rate sebesar 15-20% (p<0,05) ; menurunkan frekuensi kambuh 89% (p<0,05) dari rerata 4-6 kali per bulan menjadi 1-2 kali per bulan. Senam asma 2 kali seminggu tersebut meningkatkan peak expiratory flow rate 10% dan menurunkan frekuensi kambuh 59% lebih besar dari senam yang sama 1 kali seminggu (p<0,05). Perlu penelitian lanjut untuk mengetahui dosis senam asma yang optimal sesuai dengan tingkat status asma, yang bertujuan meningkatkan kebugaran dan kualitas hidup harian penderita asma bronkial.Kata kunci : senam asma, peak expiratory flow rate, frekuensi kambuh.

scholarly journals Exendin-4 effects on islet volume and number in mouse pancreas

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layasadat Khorsandi ◽  
Fereshteh Nejad-Dehbashi
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Mouse Pancreas ◽  
Islet Mass ◽  
Final Injection ◽  
Islet Volume ◽  
Healthy Adult Male ◽  
Pancreas Volume

The aim of this study was to evaluate Exendin-4 (EX-4) effects on islet volume and number in the mouse pancreas. Thirty-two healthy adult male NMRI mice were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. EX-4 was injected intraperitoneally (i. p.) at doses of 0.25 (E1 group), 0.5 (E2 group), and 1 µg/kg (E3 group), twice a day for 7 consecutive days. One day after the final injection, the mice were sacrificed, and the pancreas from each animal dissected out, weighed, and fixed in 10% formalin for measurement of pancreas and islet volume, and determination of islet number by stereological assessments. There was a significant increase in the weight of pancreases in the E3 group. Islet and pancreas volumes in E1 and E2 groups were unchanged compared to the control group. The E3 group showed a significant increase in islet and pancreas volume (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the total number of islets in all three experimental groups. The results revealed that EX-4 increased pancreas and islet volume in non-diabetic mice. The increased total islet mass is probably caused by islet hypertrophy without the formation of additional islets.

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