scholarly journals Enterobacter Cloacae: The association of antibiotic resistance, integron class I and carbapenemase genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-550
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali Mhawesh ◽  
Reem Naeem Ibraheem ◽  
Tamara Husham Zedan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Class I ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Class I Integrons ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

The opportunistic pathogen, E. Cloacae has been reported to carry carbapenemas genes worldwide. Our objective was assessing the association of antibiotic resistance, integron class I and carbapenemase genes among E. Cloacae. Herein, 200 E. Cloacae were collected and identified. The antibiotic resistance of them was evaluated using Kirby Bauer method. The existence of class I integron, carbapenemase genes was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 200 E. Cloacae isolates collected, 120 isolates (60%) were from male and 80 isolates (40%) were from females. Of them, 110 isolates (55%) showed a pattern of MDR phenotype. Of these, 18 isolates (9%) showed resistance to imipenem. Based on PCR test, 134 isolates (67%) had class I integrons. Also, out of 110 MDR isolates, 52 isolates (72%) were positive in terms of the presence of class I integrons. Isolates with integrons were mostly from urinary (61%) and blood (44%) and from ICU settings (46%) and inpatients (38%). A significant relationship was observed between the presence of integron and resistance to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, and norfloxacin antibiotics. The prevalence of blaIMP, blaOXA-48 were 18% and 4%, respectively, but none of other carbapenemase genes were detected. The existence of class I integron was high among E. Cloacae from Baghdad city. The carriage of genes resistance to carbapenems were significantly associated to the class I integrin.

Death and COVID-19 Anxiety in Home-Quarantined Individuals Aged 65 and Over During the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110598
Author(s):  
Hümeyra Aslaner ◽  
Betül Özen ◽  
Zeliha K. Erten ◽  
Mebrure Beyza Gökçek
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Pcr Test

Urgent measures were taken for those at the age of 65 and over who were at the risk group all over the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that many individuals at the age of 65 and over have experienced anxiety due to the uncertainties. This study aimed to determine the anxiety and death anxiety in individuals aged 65 and over who were isolation at home due to being diagnosed with COVID-19 or being in contact during the pandemic process. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. It was performed with 656 home-quarantined individuals aged between 65–80 years with positive or negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result. A form including questions about the death anxiety and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form prepared by the researchers were administered to the individuals by phone call. Of the participants, 49.5% were male. Median COVID-19 anxiety score was 4 (0–18). Anxiety scores of the male and female participants were similar. Participants with negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and those with death anxiety had higher COVID anxiety scores. Death anxiety has increased by 1.661 times in male gender, 1.983 times in RT-PCR positivity and 0.146 times in the presence of symptoms. Individuals with positive COVID-19 test results or those aged 65 and over who had death anxiety and negative COVID-19 test result but who were in home-isolation due to being a contact had higher anxiety score. For this reason, those with death anxiety can be supported in line with their religious beliefs to reduce anxiety. Those with negative PCR test results in quarantine can be adequately informed about the COVID-19.

scholarly journals Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis of bovine detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test in AL-Diwanyia province

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Gh. K. A. Al-kuzaay ◽  
Q. H. Kshash
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Testing ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

This study was conducted for exam 348 milk samples from (clinically mastitic and other healthy cows) in many areas in AL-Diwanyia province by using CMT and bacteriological testing , which appeared that (64.9%) as percentage of mastitis ( clinically 15.9% , subclinically 84.0% ) Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis 13.2% ( 26.6% clinically , 73.3 % subclinicaly) diagnose by PCR assay by using specific primer (16SrRNA). Streptococcus agalactiae (30 isolates) after classical methods applied for streptococcus agalactiae identification (86 isolates).

scholarly journals Evaluating the bacterial culture technique by Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of Brucella abortus in milk of cows suspected with brucellosis.

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Bashar Sadeq Noomy
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

      The aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity of bacterial culture technique in the detection of Brucella abortus in milk samples of aborted cows. Sixty samples of milk were collected from aborted cows during a period which did not exceed two months after the abortion. All of them were positive for rose bengal test. Results showed that Brucella abortus was isolated from 7 out of 60 (11.6%) from the milk of aborted cows, while PCR test showed that 32 out of 60 (53.3%) milk sample contained Brucella abortus. The specificity of culture techniques was 10%, but its sensitivity was only 21.8%. Beside the cautions in dealing with live Brucella abortus (as culture), it is also less sensitive than PCR, though it is better to use PCR technique in the diagnosis of brucellosis in aborted cows milk.

scholarly journals Occurrence of virulent multidrug-resistantEnterococcus faecalisandEnterococcus faeciumin the pigs, farmers and farm environments in Malaysia

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiang Chiet Tan ◽  
Chun Wie Chong ◽  
Cindy Shuan Ju Teh ◽  
Peck Toung Ooi ◽  
Kwai Lin Thong
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Polymerase Chain

BackgroundEnterococcus faecalisandEnterococcus faeciumare ubiquitous opportunistic pathogens found in the guts of humans and farmed animals. This study aimed to determine the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, biofilm-forming ability and genotypes ofE. faecalisandE. faeciumfrom swine farms. Correlations between the genotypes, virulotypes, antibiotic resistance, and the environmental factors such as locality of farms and farm hygiene practice were explored.MethodsE. faecalisandE. faeciumstrains were isolated from the oral, rectal and fecal samples of 140 pigs; nasal, urine and fecal samples of 34 farmers working in the farms and 42 environmental samples collected from seven swine farms located in Peninsular Malaysia. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method, and the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis were performed to determine the clonality of the strains. Crosstab/Chi-square test and DistLM statistical analyses methods were used to determine the correlations between the genotypes, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and the environmental factors.ResultsA total of 211E. faecalisand 42E. faeciumwere recovered from 140 pigs, 34 farmers and 42 environmental samples collected from seven swine farms in Peninsular Malaysia. Ninety-eight percent of the strains were multidrug-resistant (resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin). Fifty-two percent of the strains formed biofilms. Virulence genesefa, asaI, gelE,esp,cylandacegenes were detected. Virulence genesefaandasaI were most prevalent inE. faecalis(90%) andE. faecium(43%), respectively. Cluster analyses based on REP-PCR and PFGE showed the strains were genetically diverse. Overall, the strains isolated from pigs and farmers were distinct, except for three highly similar strains found in pigs and farmers. The strains were regional- and host-specific.DiscussionThis study revealed alarming high frequencies of multidrug-resistant enterococci in pigs and swine farmers. The presence of resistance and virulence genes and the ability to form biofilm further enhance the persistence and pathogenicity of the strains. Although the overall clonality of the strains were regionals and host-specific, strains with high similarity were found in different hosts. This study reiterates a need of a more stringent regulation to ensure the proper use of antibiotics in swine husbandry to reduce the wide spread of multidrug-resistant strains.

scholarly journals What Is the Predictive Value of a Single Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR Swab Test in a Patient With COVID-Like Symptoms and/or Significant COVID-19 Exposure?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessen George ◽  
James McGee ◽  
Eileen Giangrasso ◽  
Sheila Finkelstein ◽  
Susan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Test Characteristics ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Utilizing results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and subsequent antibody titers, we report on the test characteristics of a PCR screening test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among hospital workers. The PCR test was found to be 87% sensitive and 97% specific, with a positive predictive value of 0.98 and a negative predictive value of 0.80.

scholarly journals Performance of a Commercial Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for EndocervicalChlamydia trachomatisInfection in a University Hospital Population

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
C. H. Livengood III ◽  
K. A. Boggess ◽  
J. W. Wrenn ◽  
A. P. Murtha
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Objectives:To examine the accuracy of a commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (Amplicor CTR, Roche Diagnostic Systems, Branchburg NJ) for identification of endocervical chlamydial infections through both laboratory evaluation and among a diverse teaching hospital patient population.Methods:Testing of reliable threshold inocula and reproducibility were carried out using laboratory stock organisms. Paired endocervical samples from patients with a wide range of indications were tested by PCR and an established culture procedure, and discrepant pairs were further analyzed to determine true results.Results:Laboratory evaluation suggested that one copy of target DNA from a viable organism consistently yielded a positive result, and test reproducibility was very good, with an overall coefficient of variation of 15%. Compared to true results in 1,588 paired clinical samples from 1,489 women with a 10% prevalence of infection, the PCR test and culture yielded respective sensitivities of 87.4% and 78.0%, and negative predictive values of 98.6% and 97.6%. Specificity and positive predictive value for both tests were 100%. Cost per specimen was nearly identical at $18.84 and $18.88 respectively. Polymerase inhibitors and organisms lacking target DNA were not found in false-negative PCR samples.Conclusion:This commercial PCR test is accurate, cost-competitive, and much faster than culture for diagnosis of endocervical chlamydia infections in our population of intermediate prevalence of chlamydial infection.

scholarly journals Viral RNA Shedding and Transmission Potential of Asymptomatic and Pauci-symptomatic COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghadip Samaddar ◽  
Ravisekhar Gadepalli ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Nag ◽  
Sanjeev Misra ◽  
Pankaj Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract We studied the pattern and duration of viral RNA shedding in 32 asymptomatic and 11 pauci-symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Viral RNA shedding in exhaled breath progressively diminished and became negative after six days of a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Therefore, the duration of isolation can be minimised to six days.

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