Neurocysticercosis: A rare disorder

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a rare central nervous system infection that is preventable and is caused by the Taenia solium tapeworm larval stage. This disorder is the world’s most common cause of acquired epilepsy and a significant cause of neurological morbidity. This disease is pleomorphic due to several complex factors such as cysticerci characteristics, stages of development, and many more which leads to difficulties in inaccurate diagnosis and adequate stage-wise care. The introduction of cystidical medications, however, has led to a stronger prognosis of NCC-affected patients with an increase in the patient’s clinical course of the disease. After diagnosis most seizure patients do not experience epilepsy. Since Neurocysticercosis remains a neglected tropical disease, the management, and prevention of T. so ilium transmission and strategies for eradicating NCC from endemic areas should be highlighted and prioritized in global healthcare to minimize the significant burden on healthcare and the economy.

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Central Nervous System Infection With Eikenella corrodens: Report of Two Cases

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.57.2.264 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 264-265

Author(s):

James E. Rubenstein ◽

Marc F. Lieberman ◽

Natan Gadoth

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Central Nervous System Infection ◽

Central Nervous System Infections ◽

Eikenella Corrodens

Two cases of central nervous system infections from which E. corrodens has been isolated are reported. The portals of entry, clinical course, and antimicrobial responses conform to other reports in the literature. The importance of obtaining careful anaerobic cultures is emphasized.

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Gemella morbillorum: an underestimated aetiology of central nervous system infection?

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.013367-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 58 (12) ◽

pp. 1652-1656 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Paolo Benedetti ◽

Mario Rassu ◽

Michele Branscombe ◽

Armine Sefton ◽

Giampietro Pellizzer

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Central Nervous System Infection ◽

Aetiological Agent ◽

Systemic Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Cerebellar Abscess ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebral Parenchyma

A case is reported of cerebellar abscess and diffuse cerebritis due to Gemella morbillorum. The clinical course was ‘biphasic’, developing with an acute meningeal infection followed shortly afterwards by suppuration in the cerebellar and cerebral parenchyma; this pattern seemed to suggest a latent survival of the aetiological agent, probably within the central nervous system (CNS), despite systemic antibiotic therapy. Based upon a review of cases so far described, infections of the CNS caused by G. morbillorum appear to be an emerging reality.

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurocysticercosis

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1155/2009/180742 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Christina M. Coyle ◽

Herbert B. Tanowitz

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Parasitic Disease ◽

Larval Form ◽

Common Cause ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

The Past ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Acquired Epilepsy

Neurocysticercosis, the infection caused by the larval form of the tapewormTaenia solium, is the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous system and the most common cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide. This has primarily been a disease that remains endemic in low-socioeconomic countries, but because of increased migration neurocysticercosis is being diagnosed more frequently in high-income countries. During the past three decades improved diagnostics, imaging, and treatment have led to more accurate diagnosis and improved prognosis for patients. This article reviews the current literature on neurocysticercosis, including newer diagnostics and treatment developments.

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Reversible dementia due to Neurocysticercosis: improvement of the racemose type with antihistamines

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/s1980-57642015dn91000014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 85-90

Author(s):

Gislaine Cristina Lopes Machado-Porto ◽

Leandro Tavares Lucato ◽

Fábio Henrique de Gobbi Porto ◽

Evandro Cesar de Souza ◽

Ricardo Nitrini

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Imaging Findings ◽

Human Central Nervous System ◽

Neurological Morbidity ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Subarachnoid Spaces

Infection of the human central nervous system (CNS) by the larvae of Taenia solium, termed neurocysticercosis (NCC), is endemic in most developing countries, where it is a major cause of acquired seizures and other neurological morbidity, including neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, despite its frequent manifestation, some findings, such as cognitive impairment and dementia, remain poorly understood. Less commonly, NCC may affect the ventricular system and subarachnoid spaces and this form is known as extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis. A particular presentation of the subarachnoid form is called racemose cysticercosis, which has a progressive pattern, frequently leads to hydrocephalus and can be life-threatening. Here we review a case of the racemose variety of cysticercosis, complicated by hydrocephalus and reversible dementia, with remission of symptoms after derivation and that remained stable with use of dexchlorpheniramine. We discuss the challenges in diagnosis, imaging findings, treatment and follow-up of this disease.

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Cladophialophora bantiana brain abscess with lymphadenitis

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2021-246108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. e246108

Author(s):

Vinit Suri ◽

Shishir Pandey ◽

Nidhi Goyal ◽

Hena Rani

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Brain Abscess ◽

Central Nervous System Infection ◽

Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽

Lymph Node Biopsy ◽

High Grade ◽

Dematiaceous Fungi ◽

Common Cause ◽

Node Biopsy

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis refers to central nervous system infection by dematiaceous mould or by dark walled fungi which contain the dark pigment melanin in their cell wall which adds to the virulence of fungus. These dematiaceous fungi can cause a variety of central nervous infections including invasive sinusitis, brain abscess, meningitis, myelitis and arachnoiditis. Cladophialophora bantiana among these dematiaceous fungi is the most common cause of brain abscess in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals and is known to occur worldwide though is predominantly reported from subtropical regions especially the Asian subcontinent. It is difficult to differentiate these abscesses radiologically from high-grade gliomas, primary central nervous system lymphoma or other infections including toxoplasmosis, nocardiosis, tuberculosis and listeriosis. We describe a 19-year-old male patient with a cerebral abscess caused by C. bantiana where the diagnosis could be suspected by typical MR spectroscopic findings and by identifying the fungus from a lymph node biopsy.

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