Post-COVID-19 syndrome

The disease caused by new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is a global problem not only because of its wide spread occurrance, but also due to the high incidence of post-COVID syndrome. The literature review presents the results of numerous observations of patients, who undergone COVID-19. The most common symptoms are: general weakness, impaired cognitive functions, memory loss, depression, anosmia, dysgeusia, shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, less often — alopecia, skin rashes, etc. The most frequent symptoms of the post-COVID syndrome are described; the reasons and risk factors for its development are analyzed. The lack of views sameness on the term “postCOVID syndrome” makes it diffi cult to evaluate the frequency of certain symptoms development. Variants of the post-COVID syndrome are considered. It is proposed to distinguish between the post-COVID syndrome, developed after acute COVID-19 that lasts up to 12 weeks, and a prolonged variant of post-COVID clinical symptoms that last longer than 12 weeks, which should be distinguished from lingering COVID-19, its complications, and the consequences of intensive care. The questions of prognosis, diagnostics, and treatment of post-COVID syndrome are discussed.

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Clinical Signs and Symptoms In Non-Transfused Patients With Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria From a Korean Prospective PNH Registry

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v122.21.3720.3720 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 122 (21) ◽

pp. 3720-3720

Author(s):

Jong Wook Lee ◽

Jun Ho Jang ◽

Jin Seok Kim ◽

Je-Hwan Lee ◽

Deog-Yeon Jo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Abdominal Pain ◽

Board Of Directors ◽

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Transfusion Requirement ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Advisory Committees ◽

Clone Size ◽

History Of

Abstract Introduction Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare and progressive disease driven by chronic complement mediated hemolysis leading to thromboembolism (TE), renal impairment, and death. Transfusion requirement has been one complication that has suggested a more severe case of PNH. Here, we report the prevalence of clinical symptoms, hemolysis, and TE in non-transfused (no transfusions in the past 12 months) PNH patients from the Korean prospective PNH registry. Methods Korean patients with a diagnosis of PNH are eligible for inclusion in the prospective registry study designed to identify key symptoms in close proximity of the event and support the associations of hemolysis and other risk factors. The study included medical history data from the time of diagnosis and to enrollment. Patient data included in this study were captured using an electronic case report form that collected patient demographics; medical history; PNH-specific information including RBC and granulocyte clone size; and laboratory values. PNH was confirmed at each individual site using a consistent flow cytometry or FLAER protocol based on the expression of CD55, CD59, or CD24. The PNH granulocyte and RBC clone sizes were also evaluated. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was measured by eGFR and proteinuria. Results Data are presented for 106 PNH patients; all of these patients have been actively participating in the study since the first patient enrollment at Dec, 2011. At enrollment patients had a median age of 47 years (range 20 to 84) and 57 (54%) were female. The majority of patients (87.2%) were reported to have ≥10% granulocyte clone size and 74% of patients had LDH levels ≥1.5 x ULN. The most frequently reported clinical symptoms were fatigue (62%), hemoglobinuria (58%), CKD or renal failure (45%), pain (including abdominal pain and backache, 43%), and thrombosis was reported in 16 patients (15%). About half of the patients (43%) had never been transfused for at least 12 months prior to enrollment (non-transfused). Non-transfused patients continue to experience LDH ≥1.5 x ULN and was not different when compared to patients requiring transfusions (P=0.654). Prevalence of abdominal pain, shortness of breath and chest pain, symptoms associated with risk of TE, as well as fatigue and hemoglobinuria were similar between both groups (table). We also note that history of TE prior to entering the registry was similar between both groups (P=0.507). Prevalence of thrombocytopenia and neutropenia was similar between the groups; however, prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin<8g/dL) was lower in non-transfused patients (P=0.002). Conclusions Our analyses demonstrate that non-transfused PNH patients can continue to experience hemolysis, a risk factor for thrombosis and organ damage. Indeed, non-transfused patients continue to experience abdominal pain, chest pain and shortness of breath at a similar rate as transfused patients in our patient cohort. We further note that non-transfused patients also experienced a similar history of TE at enrollment. Some PNH patients may compensate for the loss of RBC due to hemolysis as demonstrated by fewer patients with anemia (hemoglobin<8g/dL) in the non-transfused group. However, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia in the non-transfused were similar suggesting marrow function alone maybe not explain why some patients do not need transfusions. Overall these data suggest that transfusion requirement alone is not a measure of risk for poor outcomes. A full clinical work up including history of TE should be followed in newly diagnosed PNH patients and treatment management should be based on presenting risk factors regardless of transfusion requirement. Further investigation on the risk of clinical symptoms, hemolysis, and TE in PNH patients who do not receive blood transfusion is warranted. Disclosures: Lee: Alexion Pharmaceutical Company: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Jang:Alexion Pharmaceutical Company: Honoraria, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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FEATURES OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND THE INFLUENCE OF RISK FACTORS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN OF LVIV REGION OF DIFFERENT AGES

Art of Medicine ◽

10.21802/artm.2021.4.20.96 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

O. R. Trutiak ◽

O. L. Lychkovska ◽

R. R. Holovyn ◽

M. I. Dats-Opoka

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Bronchial Asthma ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Physical Development ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Different Ages ◽

Asthma In Children

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a common chronic pathology of the lower respiratory tract in children. The first manifestations of the disease can begin at any age, but the clinical features, of the course, are different in different periods of childhood. Manifestations and course of asthma may disappear or progress with age. Therefore, it is likely that there are differences in the pathophysiology, inflammatory response of the body and the features of the clinic of asthma in children of different ages, which affects the diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the features of clinical symptoms and the influence of risk factors for asthma on its occurrence in children of different ages. Materials and methods. We analyzed the anamnesis and clinical symptoms of 57 children aged 3 to 18 years, who were treated from September 2020 to June 2021 in the Lviv Regional Children's Clinical Hospital “OHMATDYT” and in the Lviv Municipal City Children's Clinical Hospital. The age groups did not differ statistically in the severity of asthma (P> 0.05). Thus, in group 1 was 1 patient (9.09%) with mild form, 1 patient (9.09%) - moderate persistent form, 8 patients (72.73%) - with severe persistent form. Among patients of age group 2 was 1 patient (3.85%) with mild persistent form, 3 children (11.54%) - moderate and 21 children (80.77%) - with severe persistent form. In group 3 was 1 patient (5%) with a mild persistent form, 6 patients (30%) - moderate and 12 children (80%) - with a severe persistent form. The vast majority of patients were boys (84.21 ± 4.83%). All patients underwent general clinical examinations, spirometry, and allergy tests. We used the clinical-anamnestic method to perform the tasks of the work, which consisted in collecting a detailed somatic and genealogical anamnesis during the parents` questionnaire. Physical development of children was assessed using centile tables. Statistics were evaluated by calculating Student's t-test and Pearson's consistency test. Preschool children with asthma were more likely to experience shortness of breath during exercise and a wet low-yielding cough, and children of primary and secondary school age were more characterized by concomitant allergic rhinitis. Autumn was more unfavorable period for the exacerbation of clinical manifestations of asthma in children of Lviv region was period. We did not find correlation of birth weight on the timing of asthma. However, a burdensome obstetric history contributed to the early development of clinical manifestations of asthma. Preschool children were more likely to be exposed to nicotine during the antenatal period and had a shorter duration of breastfeeding, which may be a probable risk factor for asthma in preschool children. In 77% of children from different age groups were burdened with a history of allergies, with 66% of cases more pronounced in the maternal line. An analysis of physical development revealed that most preschool children were overweight. Conclusions. Asthma has features of clinical symptoms in children of different ages - shortness of breath during exercise and whooping cough are characteristic of preschool children, and concomitant chronic persistent rhinitis - for older age groups. Seasonal exacerbations are characteristic of asthma in children; in particular, the autumn period is more unfavorable, common for asthmatics in children of all ages among patients in Lviv region. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has a significant effect on the risk of developing asthma in children. Also, a burdened maternal allergy history and overweight child contributes to the development of asthma in children.

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Prevalence and factors related to infection and mortality due to COVID-19 among patients of Shohada Ghaen Hospital, Ghaen, Iran, 2020

Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32592/jbirjandunivmedsci.2021.28.4.106 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 375-384

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Hospital Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

First Case

Background and Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease, whose first case was reported in December 2019, and rapidly affected the world. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the frequency and factors associated with morbidity and mortality due to COVID -19 in Ghaen, Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytical study used the information sources of the portal of Shohada Ghaen Hospital, Gaen, Iran, from March 2020 to December 2021, which was collected from 1,124 patients with suspected respiratory infection referring to the hospital. Data using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test for univariate relationships. Moreover, two-way logistic regression was used to investigate the causal relationships, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, the mean age of participants (n=1,124) was obtained at 51.6±24.5 years, and 546 (48.6%) subjects had a positive COVID-19 test by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, among whom 65 (11.9%) cases passed away. Clinical symptoms of body aches, coughs, diarrhea, and shortness of breath were associated with a positive COVID-19 test. It was also revealed that habitat, diabetes, cardiovascular and lung diseases, age, and job were risk factors of COVID-19 infection, and hospitalization in the ICU and age were identified as risk factors for COVID-19-caused death (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, cough and shortness of breath were found to be the most frequent symptoms among patients and deceased individuals. Since these symptoms may be associated with a worse prognosis, they require the special attention of medical staff. The findings of this study also showed that the elderly were more at risk of death from this disease than other age groups, which increased the need for more education and attention to this group of society.

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Study of risk factors and clinical features of hemorrhoids

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20172051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 1936 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Asif Ali ◽

Mohammad Fazelul Rahman Shoeb

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Psychological Disturbances ◽

High Incidence ◽

Healthy Life Style ◽

Male Preponderance ◽

History Of ◽

Bleeding Per Rectum ◽

One Year

Background: Hemorrhoids are very common diseases of the anal region and creates physical and psychological disturbances and significantly affects the quality of life. This study was aimed to determine the risk factors and clinical symptoms associated with it.Methods: The study was conducted in Krishnarajendra Hospital, Mysore, for a period of one year from January 1984 to December 1984. A total of 40 patients with hemorrhoids were included in the study. The risk factors and clinical symptoms associated with incidence of hemorrhoids were noted in detailed and analysed.Results: Male preponderance was seen in the study (85%). Patients with age group between 20-39 years were found of high incidence of hemorrhoids (55%). Out of 40, 15 (37.5%) males and 2 (5%) females had habitual constipation and 7 (17.5%) males had occasional constipation. Farmers were found to the most commonly affected people with hemorrhoids (60%) followed by students (15%), households (15%) and business man (10%). The common clinical symptom observed was bleeding per rectum and mass per rectum in 85% of patients, pain during defecation in 77.5%, soiling of clothes observed in 22.5% and history of pruritus in 12.5% of males.Conclusions: The patients suffering with hemorrhoids were suggested to adopt healthy life style and modifications at their occupations accordingly.

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Analysis of clinical manifestations, risk factors and diagnostic procedures in children with urolithiasis

Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna ◽

10.15557/pimr.2021.0036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 234-238

Author(s):

Natalia Haze ◽

◽

Adrianna Wojciechowska ◽

Maciej Granat ◽

Anna Motyka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Shock Wave ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Abdominal Pain ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

Metabolic Evaluation ◽

Extracorporeal Shock Wave

The incidence of urolithiasis in the paediatric population has grown in recent years. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse clinical symptoms, risk factors and diagnostic procedures in children with urolithiasis. Materials and methods: We conducted a questionnaire study (supplemented with an analysis of medical records) in a group of 49 children diagnosed with urolithiasis, including 17 patients from the department of paediatrics at the time of the first metabolic evaluation, and 32 patients hospitalised in a one-day department of paediatric urology prior to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Results: Urolithiasis occurred in children in the study group at the age of 9.3 ± 4.9 years and manifested with abdominal pain (69.4%), vomiting (18.4%) and haematuria (10.2%); urolithiasis was diagnosed accidentally in 14.3% of patients. All patients developed renal stones (bilateral in 20.4%); 28.6% of patients additionally presented with ureteral stones, and 6.1% with bladder stones. Urolithiasis was accompanied by urinary tract infection in 44.9% of patients. The most common risk factors for urolithiasis included positive family history (75.5%), low fluid intake (51%), urinary tract infection (42.9%) and overweight/obesity (28.6%). Among patients admitted for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, only 65.6% of children underwent nephrological consultation. Slightly more than a half of these patients underwent metabolic diagnosis, with exhausted evaluation in 7 cases and incomplete metabolic assessment in 5 cases. The chemical composition of stones was analysed in 22.4% of patients. Conclusions: Abdominal pain and vomiting are the most common clinical symptoms in children with urolithiasis. The paper presents modifiable risk factors and shows the need for improvement in metabolic evaluation of urolithiasis.

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Clinical Symptom Differences Between Mild and Severe COVID-19 Patients in China: A Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.561264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaobo He ◽

Xiao Cheng ◽

Xudong Feng ◽

Hong Wan ◽

Sihan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Initial Manifestation ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Initial Symptoms ◽

Severe Group ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Objective: The prognosis of mild and severe patients has prominent differences during the prevalence of COVID-19, and it will be significant to identify patients' potential risk of progressing to severe cases according to their first clinical presentations. Therefore, we aim to review the clinical symptoms of the COVID-19 epidemic systematically.Methods:We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI (Chinese Database) for studies about the clinical features of COVID-19 in China from March 18 to April 18. Then we used REVMAN to conduct a meta-analysis.Results: After screening, 20 articles including 3,326 COVID-19 confirmed cases were selected from 142 articles we retrieved at the beginning of our research. We divided all the cases into a severe group (including severe and critically severe patients) and a mild group according to the “Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection-Induced Pneumonia” version 4 (trial). Of all the initial symptoms (including fever, cough, abdominal pain, anorexia, chest tightness, diarrhea, dyspnea, expectoration, fatigue, headache, hemoptysis, myalgia, nausea or vomiting, and pharyngalgia) we studied, we found that cough (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–1.7; p < 0.001), fever (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–1.9; p < 0.001), dyspnea (OR = 6.2, 95% CI: 3.6–10.6; p < 0.001), diarrhea (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3–4.9; p < 0.001), fatigue (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3–3.3; p < 0.01), expectoration (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.6; p < 0.01), myalgia (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.8–3.1; p < 0.001), hemoptysis (OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 1.5–11.3; p < 0.001), abdominal pain (OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 2.4–23.4; p < 0.001), and anorexia (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5–5.1; p < 0.001) had a different distribution in two groups and were statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusion:COVID-19 patients whose initial manifestation is dyspnea, hemoptysis, anorexia, diarrhea, or fatigue, especially abdominal pain should be closely monitored to prevent disease deterioration.

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Comparison of Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors of Death in Two Age Groups Less and More Than 50 Years in Patients with COVID-19

Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.5812/archcid.108058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ehsan Sharifipour ◽

Alireza Koohpaei ◽

Saeed Shams ◽

Maryam Rahimi ◽

Mohammad Aghaali

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Source Population ◽

Age Group ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

The Third ◽

Two Age Groups

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 180 countries and has killed more than half a million people up to now. Risk factors for death are not yet fully identified. Objectives: The present study aimed at comparing the clinical manifestations and risk factors for death between two groups of patients with COVID-19 aged under and above 50 in Qom Province, Iran. Methods: The current retrospective cohort study was conducted on 178 patients with COVID-19 in Qom Province. Patients were followed up until recovery or death. The source population was divided into four groups, of which 45 patients were randomly enrolled in the study. The first group included patients aged less than 50 discharged after recovery; the second group included patients less than 50 years who died from COVID-19; the third group consisted of patients above 50 discharged after recovery, and the fourth group included patients above 50 who died from COVID-19. The data, including COVID-19 clinical symptoms and presumptive risk factors for death, were collected and compared between groups. Results: The most common symptoms in hospitalized patients were shortness of breath (82.6%), cough (73.6%), and fever (71.9%), respectively. In the age group above 50, the prevalence of fever in the recovered subjects was higher than that of the ones who died from the disease (81.8% Vs. 53.3%). Headache and loss of senses of smell and taste were also more common in both age groups in the recovered subjects. In the age group under 50, subjects who died had higher BMI values, but in the age group above 50, subjects who died had lower BMIs. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that obesity could be a risk factor for death in the age group under 50. The results also indicated that in both age groups, extrapulmonary symptoms were more common in recovered patients.

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Risk Factors, Clinical Symptoms, Laboratory Findings and Imaging of Pregnant Women Infected with COVID-19 in North of Iran

Archives of Iranian Medicine ◽

10.34172/aim.2020.114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 856-863

Author(s):

Soudabeh Kazemi Aski ◽

Seyedeh Hajar Sharami ◽

Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh ◽

Ezat Hesni ◽

Seyedeh Fatemeh Dalil Heirati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Laboratory Finding ◽

The Body ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽

Severe Stage

Background: Due to the physiological changes in the body during pregnancy, the increased susceptibility to viral infections during this period and also the high prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Guilan province, Iran, this study aimed to evaluate risk factors, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings and imaging of pregnant mothers with COVID-19. Methods: In this descriptive study, 70 pregnant women aged 17–41 years with COVID-19 who were hospitalized from early March to late April 2020 were enrolled. Sampling was performed by census and from all hospitals in Guilan. The research instruments included a researcher-made questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, medical examinations, and paraclinical results. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16. Frequency and percent were used to describe qualitative variables; for quantitative variables, if they were normally distributed, mean and standard deviation were used, and if they were non-normal, median and interquartile range (IQR) were used. Results: The most severe symptoms recorded in mothers at the time of hospitalization were fever (47%), shortness of breath (16%) and cough (15%), respectively. One of 68 (1%) was in the severe stage of the disease and two mothers (2%) were in critical condition and admitted to the intensive care unit and finally died. Fifty-five of 66 women (83%) had lymphopenia, 22 of 42 (52%) tested positive on PCR, and 30 of 33 (90%) had an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels.Results showed that 15 of 32 patients who gave birth had preterm delivery (46%). Conclusion: The most common manifestations of the disease in pregnant women were fever, cough and shortness of breath, and in some cases muscle pain. The most common laboratory finding in infected mothers was lymphopenia. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth in women included an increase in cesarean delivery.

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COVID-19 INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA (case report)

Inter Collegas ◽

10.35339/ic.7.4.174-179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 174-179

Author(s):

Tetiana Ashcheulova ◽

Mariia Volik

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Report ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Day Treatment ◽

Chest Ct ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Pneumonia Case ◽

Obesity Hypertension ◽

Symptoms And Signs

A clinical case of treatment of a 54-year-old man with several risk factors, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, with moderate COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia is presented. His clinical symptoms and signs at presentation included combinations of fever, nonproductive cough, and shortness of breath. Initial chest radiograms faid to show any changes, but chest CT revealed ground glass opacities (GGOs) with fuzzy contours, parenchyma damage (27 %). He was treated according to the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 cases (the Order of Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 762). After a 12-day treatment, the damaged area reduced to 5 % with fibrosis.

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Respiratory Complications in Outpatient Endoscopy with Endoscopist-Directed Sedation

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.233.kf1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 255-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kilian Friedrich ◽

Sabine G. Scholl ◽

Sebastian Beck ◽

Daniel Gotthardt ◽

Wolfgang Stremmel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Endoscopic Procedure ◽

Shortness Of Breath ◽

Respiratory Complications ◽

Endoscopic Procedures ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Incidence ◽

Respiratory Complaints

Background & Aims: Respiratory complications represent an important adverse event of endoscopic procedures. We screened for respiratory complications after endoscopic procedures using a questionnaire and followed-up patients suggestive of respiratory infection.Method: In this prospective observational, multicenter study performed in Outpatient practices of gastroenterology we investigated 15,690 patients by questionnaires administered 24 hours after the endoscopic procedure.Results: 832 of the 15,690 patients stated at least one respiratory symptom after the endoscopic procedure: 829 patients reported coughing (5.28%), 23 fever (0.15%) and 116 shortness of breath (SOB, 0.74%); 130 of the 832 patients showed at least two concomitant respiratory symptoms (107 coughing + SOB, 17 coughing + fever, 6 coughing + coexisting fever + SOB) and 126 patients were followed-up to assess their respiratory complaints. Twenty-nine patients (follow-up: 22.31%, whole sample: 0.18%) reported signs of clinically evident respiratory infection and 15 patients (follow-up: 11.54%; whole sample: 0.1%) received therefore antibiotic treatment. Coughing or vomiting during the endoscopic procedure resulted in a 156.12-fold increased risk of respiratory complications (95% CI: 67.44 - 361.40) and 520.87-fold increased risk of requiring antibiotic treatment (95% CI: 178.01 - 1524.05). All patients of the follow-up sample who coughed or vomited during endoscopy developed clinically evident signs of respiratory infection and required antibiotic treatment while this occurred in a significantly lower proportion of patients without these symptoms (17.1% and 5.1%, respectively).Conclusions: We demonstrated that respiratory complications following endoscopic sedation are of comparably high incidence and we identified major predictors of aspiration pneumonia which could influence future surveillance strategies after endoscopic procedures.

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