Paris Agreement on Climate Change, Covid-19 and Hydrogen Energy – New Realities of Coal Mining and Consumption in the EU and Asia in the Period until 2040

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
L.S. Plakitkina ◽  
Yu.A. Plakitkin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Thermal Coal ◽  
The Eu

The damage caused by burning of coal is currently much higher than that produced by using alternative energy sources. This explains the growing urgency to implement the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, which, as of November 2020, has already been signed by more than 170 countries. The study analyzes the volumes of coal production by the world's coal market leaders over the period from 2000 to 2019. Despite an overall increase in global coal production by 1.5% in 2019 as compared to 2018, which reached 7.9 billion tons, there was a decrease in coal mining rates by 3.4% and 3.5% against the previous two years. The rapid decline in the importance of coal-fired power plants in the electric power generation of the European Union and Asia who seek to shift to renewable energy sources and hydrogen power, makes further growth in exports of Russian thermal coal quite problematic in the post-crisis period. Most probably, the declining trend in coal production and consumption will continue and even intensify in the coming years. The fall in coal mining and consumption in 2020 alone can reach 25% in the USA, 5–10% in Japan and South Korea, 20% in the EU countries, and 9% in China. The use of hydrogen fuel will make significant changes in the supply not only of the Russian coal, but also of the Russian natural gas and oil. The demand for these commodities will be decreasing.

scholarly journals Modern Trends in the Development of Renewable Energy: the Experience of the EU and Leading Countries of the World

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
L.Hr. Melnyk ◽  
O.N. Derykolenko ◽  
Yu.O. Mazin ◽  
O.I. Matsenko ◽  
V.S. Piven
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Energy security and independence is one of the key points in sustainable development. In modern conditions of rapid growth and development of technologies, more and more attention is paid to finding practical solutions for environmentally friendly and inexpensive energy production. For a long time, scientists from various fields of scientific activity around the world have been engaged in the development and use of alternative energy sources. The share of renewable energy sources in the generation of electricity around the world is growing steadily, which indicates an increase in the use of energy obtained from alternative sources, such as, for example, wind and sun. These trends testify to the desire of consumers to abandon the use of fossil energy sources and nuclear power plants as much as possible in order to ensure further sister development. Under the current conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for electricity worldwide has decreased, however, as the study shows, this pandemic has not affected the development of renewable energy. The article analyzes modern trends in the development of renewable energy, taking into account the experience of the EU countries and leading countries of the world in this area. As a result, it was concluded that in modern conditions, to achieve sustainable development, transformation processes are needed in such an important area as energy. Various processes in the global economy, which contributed to the intensive development of alternative energy sources, served as a powerful impetus for such changes. Many countries have made significant progress in the development of renewable energy.

scholarly journals Prospects for development of Ukraine and EU in the field of renewable energy sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 01008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Khomenko ◽  
Kateryna Pryakhina ◽  
Kostyantyn Latyshev
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
The Eu

In article assessment of tendencies and prospects of cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of renewable energy sources was carried out. Over the past decades, the theme of climate change, especially caused by human activity, has become one of the most acute and most exploited in scientific disputes. Today, the problem of finding new sources of energy is more than acute, with a special place occupy non-traditional ones. The reduction of Ukraine's energy dependence on traditional fuel resources is possible only through the development and use own alternative energy, which uses local resources – bioenergy as a fuel or does not require a fuel component at all – solar, wind and small hydropower. The European Union is one of the leaders in the implementation of alternative energy and renewable energy sources and initiates the creation of many organizations that finance alternative energy projects. Ukraine should ensure the effective convergence of its own legislation with the European Union, since it defined the European integration vector as a priority area of foreign policy development. At the same time, within the framework of the Union, the mechanism of environmental protection and progressive approaches to the implementation of energy policy, including in the field of renewable energy, can serve as the most constructive benchmarks for Ukraine's development in this area. Ukraine signed the Paris Agreement, and undertook certain commitments, namely: in accordance with the National Action Plan on alternative energy up to 2020, the objective was to reach 11% of RES in gross final energy consumption. Achieving this goal is possible only in the case of international cooperation with the EU in the field of alternative energy. However, today, the study of the prospects of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in this field is not developing sufficiently and there is a certain vacuum in solving strategic problems in this context, which determines the relevance of the topic.

scholarly journals Mogućnosti povećanja obnovljivih izvora energije u Hrvatskoj, Sloveniji i Slovačkoj – drvni peleti

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Andreja Pirc Barčić ◽  
Leon Oblak ◽  
Ivana Perić ◽  
Margarita Bego ◽  
Branko Glavonjić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
The Eu

Energy from renewable sources is globally a very important issue. In order to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, many countries enact laws for enhancing the consumption of renewable energy sources. Sooner or later traditional non-renewable energy sources would have to be replaced with alternative energy sources that are already used in developed countries. According to the European Commission (2018), the EU is already a global leader in the sustainable use of natural resources within an efficient bio-economy. The wood pellet industry is becoming more important and the use of wood pellets is increasing as one of the most important contributors to the renewable energy goals of the EU. Wood pellet is an environmentally acceptable product and its production contributes to desirable rural development and sustainable approach to the management of timber resources. This paper focuses on the market of wood pellets used for heating, pinpointing differences in consumers point of view, and drafting the possibilities of future consumption enhancement. Results revealed a relatively low use of wood pellets in all the three surveyed markets. The highest share of consumers of wood pellets came from the areas with less than 5,000 inhabitants. Such households were mostly over 20 years old. The most important factors to decide to use such source of energy were space (required for the heating system) followed by price of wooden pellets.

scholarly journals Metal Fuels as Alternative Sources of Energy for Zero Carbon Emission

2021 ◽  
Vol 943 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
T Liu ◽  
A Panahi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Economic Costs

Abstract Global climate change is a pressing challenge of the 21st century that has gained attention of scientists and governments. It has been proven that climate change is largely associated with human activities such as burning fossil fuels to produce electricity, which emits excessive amounts of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gasses. To combat this concern, carbon free alternative energy sources have been proposed. Current renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power are expensive and limited. However, metal fuels could prove to be one of the solutions for those limitations. Since fossil fuels are the most common source of energy production, to be viable on a global scale, any new form of carbon-free energy must be economically competitive with fossil fuels. This work will determine the theoretical economic costs of several different metals which have comparable energy densities with fossil fuels. Furthermore, this work will evaluate the viability of these metals on a global scale based on their economic costs compared to fossil fuels including natural gas, petroleum, and coal. Additionally, further economic comparisons will be conducted with other forms of renewable energies, such as solar power, wind power, and hydropower.

scholarly journals The Green Deal Policy for Renewable Energy: A Bibliometric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-168
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Ziabina ◽  
Tetyana Pimonenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Neutrality ◽  
The Eu

The industry attention to the environment has been reducing lately, leading to irreversible climate change, reaching the limit of mining, and critical indicators of СО2 emissions. That is why the EU has launched a new Green Policy which includes strategic directions for energy efficiency and which is expected to restore biodiversity and slow down the pace of climate change. Thus, on December 11, 2019, there was held the presentation of the “European Green Course”, the main targets of which are to increase the level of energy saving by creating closed cycles in the economy; to minimize greenhouse gas emissions by 2050; to form biodiversity and climate neutrality. Accordingly, countries that accept the terms of the green deal policy need to review all aspects of their economy, from energy production to food consumption, from industry to transport and construction. The purpose of the article is to analyse publications in order to identify public’s awareness of radical changes in economic and ecological spheres. The article provides a bibliometric analysis of research in the field of green deal policy, energy conservation and energy efficiency through the introduction of renewable energy sources. The authors selected 337 papers which were published in 1999-2019. Scopus provided the database for analysis. By means of VOSviewer the results of bibliometric analyses were visualized in a definitions map. It allowed identifying six clusters that combine 131 terms. As a result of the research, the connection between the terms – renewable energy sources and energy saving – was revealed with the help of the constructed bibliographic map.

scholarly journals The RES in the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States: Potential and Production from 2015 to 2019

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Maciej Chowaniak ◽  
Zofia Gródek-Szostak ◽  
Karolina Kotulewicz-Wisińska ◽  
Małgorzata Luc ◽  
Marcin Suder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
The Eu

Amidst the changes and adjustments of the international energy situation, the leading trend is to shift from fossil fuels to low-carbon fuels, and ultimately, to enter the era of sustainable energy, based mainly on renewable energy. The ongoing changes in global security of energy supply and the high volatility of fossil energy prices also stimulate investment in alternative energy sources, making renewable energy sources (RES) one of the rapidly growing elements in the global energy system. This article fills the research gap by analyzing the potential of using renewable energy in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in the years 2015–2018. The authors address the energy potential in the years 2015–2019, and energy consumption in the years 2015–2018 as the potential of RES in the CIS countries was not researched after 2014. Please note that the study covers the CIS countries, along with Georgia and Ukraine, which are no longer formal members of the Community, but have been included for cognitive and comparative purposes. Upon comparing the increase in energy production in the CIS countries to the average increase for the European Union (EU) countries, the value of this increase is observably higher than the average for the EU countries only in Ukraine. However, the average for the entire CIS is much lower than the EU average, therefore in CIS countries, the changes in the volume of RES energy production are varied. In some countries, there is a significant increase in the production of this type of energy (e.g., Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Georgia). However, there are also countries in which the changes are negligible, or which noted significant drops in RES energy production (Uzbekistan, Moldova, Russia, Armenia). The findings contribute to the RES market debate and the international relations theory by comparing political factors with territorial and economic factors.

WIND-DIESEL INSTALLATIONS FOR ISOLATED FAR NORTH AREAS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александр Григорьевич Комков ◽  
Александр Константинович Сокольский
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Far North ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Solar Power Plants

В статье рассмотрено современное состояние энергоснабжения и перспективы развития альтернативных источников энергии на территории Крайнего Севера. Отмечено, что несмотря на острую потребность во внедрении возобновляемых источников энергии, установленные мощности всех ветряных и солнечных электростанций в регионе не превышают 7-8 МВт. Также в работе рассчитаны технический и экономический потенциал ветровой энергии региона, на основании которых подобрана наиболее эффективная установка. The article discusses the current state of energy supply and the prospects for the development of alternative energy sources in the Far North. It is noted that despite the urgent need for the introduction of renewable energy sources, the installed capacities of all wind and solar power plants in the region do not exceed 7-8 MW. Also, the technical and economic potential of the region’s wind energy was calculated based on which the most efficient installation was selected.

scholarly journals Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Aleksandra Perkowska ◽  
Bogdan Klepacki ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
The Eu

The paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, showing the directions of their changes, types of energy used, and changes in this respect, establishing the correlation between energy consumption and changes in the economic and agricultural situation in the EU countries. All member states of the European Union were deliberately selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods were used to analyze and present materials, dynamics indicators with a stable base, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A high concentration of energy consumption in agriculture was found in several EU countries, the largest in countries with the largest agricultural sector, i.e., France and Poland. There were practically no changes in the concentration level. Only in the case of renewable energy, a gradual decrease in concentration was visible. More and more countries developed technologies that allow the use of this type of energy. However, the EU countries differed in terms of the structure of the energy sources used. The majority of the basis was liquid fuels, while stable and gaseous fuels were abandoned in favor of electricity and renewable sources—according to which, in the EU countries, the research hypothesis was confirmed: a gradual diversification of energy sources used in agriculture, with a systematic increase in the importance of renewable energy sources. The second research hypothesis was also confirmed, according to which the increase in the consumption of renewable energy in agriculture is closely related to the economy’s parameters. The use of renewable energy is necessary and results from concern for the natural environment. Therefore, economic factors may have a smaller impact.

ESTABLISHMENT AND CURRENT STATE OF LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT OF WIND ENERGY IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyna Karakhanian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
World Energy

The article considers the legal basis for the formation and development of the country's energy sector, in particular, the issue of energy production from renewable sources, among which the leading place belongs to wind energy. The tendencies of the world energy market, which minimize the negative impact on the environment, as well as the tendencies of development of this branch in Ukraine are investigated. It was stated that for our country wind energy is one of the strategic directions of development of the sector of alternative energy sources, given the high dependence of the country on imported energy, primarily natural gas, and significant potential for wind power, taking into account the location, climate and terrain. However, unfortunately, the pace of development of wind energy in Ukraine still lags significantly behind European ones. It is noted that the legislative provision of the use of wind energy in Ukraine as a source of alternative energy is characterized primarily by the number of bylaws, general declarative legislation, as well as some inconsistencies in legal regulation. An analysis of current legislation and a number of regulations governing the development of the industry in general and wind energy in particular. A review of the norms that relate purely to the issues of the research area and their features and direction of legal regulation. In addition, it was stressed that Ukraine's accession to European initiatives, as well as borrowing international experience in this area should positively affect the energy balance and ensure the development of the sector, in particular, in the light of the need to create a full competitive environment in Ukraine's energy market; changes in heat generation by renewable energy sources and the full transformation of coal regions, which means the gradual closure of unprofitable enterprises with the parallel creation of alternative jobs in these regions.

Studi Analisa Potensi Sumber Air sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) di Karungan Kelurahan Mamburungan Timur Kota Tarakan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Hadi Santoso ◽  
Eris Santoso ◽  
Ruslim Ruslim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
The People ◽  
City Water

The supply of electrical energy in Tarakan City, North Kalimantan, still relies on diesel power which uses a limited number of petroleum energy sources. There is a need for research related to renewable energy sources that have the potential to become alternative energy for the people of Tarakan City. Water is an energy source that has great potential to generate electricity. The energy source that should be taken into account is micro-hydro which can be used as a Micro-hydro Power Plant (PLTMH). A survey of micro-hydro sources in Tarakan City, precisely in the Karungan area, East Mamburungan Village, has been carried out with the direct measurement method of water discharge and the relationship with the power generated. The result shows the water source has a discharge 0.00034 m3/ s, the water velocity of 0.035 m/s and generates power only up to 1.1 watts. Based on the power obtained, the water source in this place cannot be used as a source of micro-hydro energy, but has the potential as a source of pico-hydro energy.

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