scholarly journals Knowledge Hegemonies in the Early Modern World

10.30687/0 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Hegemony ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Epistemic Values ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
Knowledge Cultures ◽  
The Social

This series is devoted to the social-cultural study of early modern knowledge cultures (ca.1450-1750). It promotes studies that highlight the importance of science as a collective praxis, understood as a contested field informed by political, philosophical and confessional struggles for cultural hegemony, and in connection with social and economic interests. In how far did political antagonisms, ideological struggles, and religious tensions hinder scientific development or underpin it? How did the modern construction of identity along confessional, linguistic, and political lines affect the ethos and epistemic values of the sciences? The goal of our series is to publish source-based studies that combine the online presentation of historical sources with accompanying critical monographs.

Ecclesiastical Monuments of Brașov/Kronstadt/Brassó and the (Imagined) Topography of a Transylvanian City in Late Medieval and Early Modern Times

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Liviu Cîmpeanu
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

By definition, a monument has extraordinary features that mark landscape and human minds alike. Without any doubt, the Medieval and Early Modern World of Europe was marked by ecclesiastical monuments, from great cathedrals and abbeys to simple chapels and altars at crossroads. A very interesting case study offers Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó, in the south-eastern corner of Transylvania, where historical sources attest several ecclesiastic monuments, in and around the city. Late medieval and early modern documents and chronicles reveal not only interesting data on the monasteries, churches and chapels of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, but also on the way in which citizens and outsiders imagined those monuments in their mental topography of the city. The inhabitants of Braşov/ Kronstadt/Brassó and foreign visitors saw the monasteries, churches and chapels of the city, kept them in mind and referred to them in their (written) accounts, when they wanted to locate certain facts or events. The present paper aims in offering an overview of the late medieval and early modern sources regarding the ecclesiastical monuments of Braşov/Kronstadt/Brassó, as well as an insight into the imagined topography of a Transylvanian city.

Motherhood

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Yonemoto
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

The chapter explores the discourse and experience of motherhood within Japan’s low-fertility regime in the early modern period. In a manner rarely seen elsewhere in the early modern world, Japanese families used various means, from infanticide to adoption, to correlate family size with income. The chapter examines a wide range of primary sources to explore the effects of family planning on motherhood in two dimensions, the biological and the social. It also examines motherhood as a lived experience through the writings of Inoue Tsūjo, Kuroda Tosako, and Sekiguchi Chie.

Divine Illumination, Mechanical Calculators, and the Roots of Modern Reason

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dear
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Inferential Reasoning ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mechanical Reasoning ◽  
Divine Illumination ◽  
Natural Philosophers

ArgumentTalk of “reason” and “rationality” has been perennial in the philosophy and sciences of the European, Latin tradition since antiquity. But the use of these terms in the early-modern period has left especial marks on the specialties and disciplines that emerged as components of “science” in the modern world. By examining discussions by seventeenth-century philosophers, including natural philosophers such as Descartes, Pascal, and Hobbes, the practical meanings of, specifically, inferential reasoning can be seen as reducing, for most, to intellectual processes deriving from foundations that required intuitional insight that was owing to God. Mechanical reasoning, or artificial intelligence, was a contradiction in terms for such as Pascal, whose views of his own arithmetical machine illustrate the issue well. Hobbes’ analysis of reason, however, replaced the ineffable authority of God with the authority of the civil power, to reveal the social reality of “reason” as nothing other than authorized judgment.

Writing Women and Reading the Renaissance

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kiefer Lewalski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Construction Of Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Domestic Advice

If there is anything that scholars in the Renaissance and scholars of the Renaissance (of whatever ideological persuasion) might be expected to share, it is delight in the recovery of texts worthy of attention as aesthetic objects and/or as significant documents for interpreting the period. Arguably such new texts—and especially texts and artworks by women—will constitute the most enduring element in our ongoing reconstruction of the Renaissance. Thanks to a decade or so of feminist and cultural studies focussed on gender and the social construction of identity, we now know a good deal about how early modern society constructed women within several discourses—law, medicine, theology, courtiership, domestic advice.

She Said, He Said: Situated Oralities in Judicial Records from Early Modern Rome

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 403-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Everyday Talk ◽  
Oral Expression ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Early Modern Rome

Abstract In practice, early modern culture was for most Europeans more oral than written. Yet spoken words, especially those of ordinary people, are, for scholars, tantalizingly elusive. Testimonies, recorded verbatim, in judicial proceedings for the city of Rome and other Italian jurisdictions offer rich repositories of oral expression uttered by women and men of diverse ages and social positions. Yet to explore these documents as terrains of speech and oral culture, we must attend closely to the processes by which these words were assembled and transcribed. Everyday talk that we hear in the trials was deeply situated: in the intricate hybridity of oral/written cultures that characterized much of the early modern world; in the layered oral and written formats of judicial process; and in the social and gendered circumstances of the speakers. These frames shaped the orality that we see in the trials, but did not obliterate individual agency in speech.

Tracing the Movement of Knowledge across Vast Distances and Long Temporal Spans

Transfers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Pamela H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trade And Exchange

A research group at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science on “Itineraries of Materials, Recipes, Techniques, and Knowledge in the Early Modern World” held a series of workshops (2014–2015) on the movement of knowledge (materials, techniques, objects) across Eurasia, resulting in an edited volume. Participants articulated a framework of “entangled itineraries,” “material complexes,” and “nodes of convergence” by which historians might follow routes of knowledge-making extending over very long distances and/or great spans of time. The key concepts are (1) “material complex” denoting the constellation of substances, practices, techniques, beliefs, and values that accrete as knowledge around materials; (2) the “relational field,” the social, intellectual, economic, emotional domain formed by a “node of convergence”—often a hub of trade and exchange—within which a material complex crystalizes; and (3) “itineraries,” or the routes taken by materials through which they stabilize and/ or transform.

scholarly journals De demes van Attica en Peloponnesische oorlog

1970 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Amber Brüsewitz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

How did rural communities cope with the devastations of war in the pre-modern world?While the political context of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) has received considerableattention, this project seeks to examine the resilience of the rural communities ofAttica in the face of the social and economic impact of the war. Epigraphical evidenceand archaeological remains indicate that the traditional view that the countryside of Atticawas depleted as a direct consequence of the war, needs to be questioned. Applying amultidisciplinary approach, this research project will investigate the long-term resilienceof the countryside communities (demes). Analyzing the historical sources and archaeologicalremains of the period 450-350 BCE, this project aims at tracing the resilience ofthe Attic demes outside of Athens by examining how they found ways to sustain and resettheir community lives.

Employees of communications institutions of the Tambov Governorate in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries: number, staff, professional mobility

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Strekalova ◽  
Sergey V. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Professional Mobility ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
History Of

The role and importance of information and communication infrastructure in the modern world is growing, which increases the relevance of studying the history of the formation and development of postal, telegraph and telephone communications in Russia, primarily regional features of the social component of this process. Based on interdisciplinary approaches, involving a wide range of historical sources, the work explores the problems of the postal, telegraph and telephone service in the Tambov Governorate in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The issues of the number and staff of employees in communication institutions (post office, telegraph, telephone) of the Tambov Governorate are studied. We reveal the peculiarities and problems of the development of institutions staff of the postal and telegraph department. The problems of professional mobility of postal and telegraph employees are analyzed; the requirements for them, their official duties are described. In the second half of the 19th – early 20th century in the social and economic life of the Russian province, the information and communication component began to play a prominent role, which was reflected in the increase in the number of communica-tion institutions in the Tambov Governorate and employees in them. There were acute issues of human resourcing, first of all, qualified specialists. At the beginning of the 20th century the pro-portion of women who served in the institutions of the postal and telegraph department of the go-vernorate increased.

Multiple-source Record Linkage in a Rural Industrial Community, 1680–1820

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve King
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Multiple Source ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Industrial Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Broad Outline

Re-creating the social, economic and demographic life-cycles of ordinary people is one way in which historians might engage with the complex continuities and changes which underlay the development of early modern communities. Little, however, has been written on the ways in which historians might deploy computers, rather than card indexes, to the task of identifying such life cycles from the jumble of the sources generated by local and national administration. This article suggests that multiple-source linkage is central to historical and demographic analysis, and reviews, in broad outline, some of the procedures adopted in a study which aims at large scale life cycle reconstruction.

Disciplining Polenta: A Parody on the Politics of Saving Food

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zachary Nowak ◽  
Bradley M. Jones ◽  
Elisa Ascione
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Identity Creation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social

This article begins with a parody, a fictitious set of regulations for the production of “traditional” Italian polenta. Through analysis of primary and secondary historical sources we then discuss the various meanings of which polenta has been the bearer through time and space in order to emphasize the mutability of the modes of preparation, ingredients, and the social value of traditional food products. Finally, we situate polenta within its broader cultural, political, and economic contexts, underlining the uses and abuses of rendering foods as traditional—a process always incomplete, often contested, never organic. In stirring up the past and present of polenta and placing it within both the projects of Italian identity creation and the broader scholarly literature on culinary tradition and taste, we emphasize that for so-called traditional foods to be saved, they must be continually reinvented.

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