scholarly journals Tortura e violenze contro gli immigrati in Marocco

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi Ouenniche ◽  
Zineb Saaid
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
First Line ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
European Governance ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Selection Of

In the context of the European ‘governance’ of international migration, the so-called countries of transit end up being the first line of Europe’s borders, acting as laboratories for experimenting with the radical tightening of migration policies and as centers for the selection of immigrants who may reach the European continent. Morocco, that in recent years has also become a country of immigration and transit, is a symbol of this process, in which it plays the role of patroller of the European borders. This essay examines the phenomenon of torture and violence against sub-Saharan migrants in Morocco, focusing on the events of summer of 2018, without forgetting the historical roots of racism in the country and considering the role Morocco aims at playing in the region.

scholarly journals Transit Migration in Niger

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Sébastien Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Transit Migration ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

Since 2015, the European Union has stepped up its efforts to curb irregular migration from sub-Saharan Africa through increasingly restrictive measures targeting transit countries along migratory routes, including Niger. While the EU has heralded the success of its policies to limit migration through Niger, EU migration policies have disrupted the economic system in Agadez, where transit migration has been one of the main sources of income and a factor of stability since the end of the Tuareg rebellions in 2009. This article discusses the impact that EU migration policies may have at the local level in countries of transit, and highlights the potential for these policies to fuel tensions between local and national authorities. The Agadez case study illustrates the importance of a multilevel approach to migration governance that takes into full consideration the role of local authorities and local communities in countries of transit.

scholarly journals The Role of Metabolism in Tumor Immune Evasion: Novel Approaches to Improve Immunotherapy

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez ◽  
Raquel Laza-Briviesca ◽  
Marta Casarrubios ◽  
Belén Sierra-Rodero ◽  
Mariano Provencio
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
First Line ◽  
Tumor Immune Evasion ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Selection Of

The tumor microenvironment exhibits altered metabolic properties as a consequence of the needs of tumor cells, the natural selection of the most adapted clones, and the selfish relationship with other cell types. Beyond its role in supporting uncontrolled tumor growth, through energy and building materials obtention, metabolism is a key element controlling tumor immune evasion. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, being the first line of treatment for multiple types of malignancies. However, many patients either do not benefit from immunotherapy or eventually relapse. In this review we overview the immunoediting process with a focus on the metabolism-related elements that are responsible for increased immune evasion, either through reduced immunogenicity or increased resistance of tumor cells to the apoptotic action of immune cells. Finally, we describe the main molecules to modulate these immune evasion processes through the control of the metabolic microenvironment as well as their clinical developmental status.

Treatment Modalities of Psoriasis: A Focus on requisite for Topical Nanocarrier

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arya Kadukkattil Ramanunny ◽  
Sheetu Wadhwa ◽  
Divya Thakur ◽  
Sachin Kumar Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Topical Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Outcome ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
First Line ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Selection Of

Background and Objective: Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease involving cascading release of cytokines activated by the innate and acquired immune system. The increasing prevalence rate of psoriasis demands for more appropriate therapy. The existing chemical moiety is promising for the better therapeutic outcome but the selection of a proper channel for administration has to be reviewed. Hence there is a need to select the most appropriate dosage form and route of administration for improving the curative rate of psoriasis. Results: A total of 108 systematic reviews of research and review articles was carried to make the manuscript comprehensible. The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed for a better understanding of the selection of pharmacotherapy. The older and newer therapeutic moiety with its mode of administration for psoriasis treatment has been discussed. With a comparative review on topical and oral administration of first-line drugs such as methotrexate (MTX), cyclosporine (CsA), and betamethasone, its benefits-liabilities in the selected routes were accounted for. Emphasis has also been given towards advanced nanocarriers for dermatologic applications. Conclusion: For better therapeutic outcome, proper selection of drug moiety with its appropriate administration is the major requisite. With the advent of nanotechnology, the development of nanocarrier for dermatologic application has been successfully demonstrated in positioning the systemically administrated drug into topical targeted delivery. In a nutshell, to achieve successful treatment strategies towards psoriasis, there is a need to focus on the development of stable, non-toxic nanocarrier for topical delivery. Inclusion of the existing orally administered drug moiety into nanocarriers for topical delivery is proposed, in order to enhance therapeutics payload with reduced side effects which serves as a better treatment approach for relief of the psoriasis condition.

scholarly journals Destino y asentamiento en México de los migrantes y refugiados centroamericanos

Revista Trace ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Eduardo Torre Cantalapiedra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Central American ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Migration Internationale ◽  
Comme Point ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
American Migration

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las fuentes estadísticas que permiten una aproximación al fenómeno del establecimiento de migrantes y refugiados en México en cuanto a la elección de este país como destino final y como lugar donde solicitar refugio u otra forma de protección internacional, dando cuenta de sus alcances y limitaciones. Adicionalmente, se analiza el contexto de políticas migratorias mexicanas y estadounidenses que fomentan el asentamiento de los migrantes en territorio mexicano.Abstract: The objective of this work is to analyze the statistical sources that allow an approximation to the phenomenon of migrant and refugee settlement in Mexico relating to the selection of this country as an end destination and as a place where to request refuge or any other type of international protection, explaining its scope and limitations. In addition, the context of the Mexican and United States migration policies encouraging the settlement of migrants in the Mexican territory are analyzed.Keywords: international migration, refugee, migration policy, Central American migration, migration patterns.Résumé : Cet article se propose d’analyser les sources statistiques qui permettent une approche du phénomène de l’installation de migrants et de réfugiés au Mexique, en termes de choix de ce pays comme point de chute et comme lieu de refuge ou autre forme de protection internationale. On verra quelles sont la portée et les limites de ce phénomène, qui s’inscrit dans le contexte des politiques migratoires mexicaines et américaines encourageant les migrants à s’établir sur le sol mexicain.Mots-clés : migration internationale, refuge, politique migratoire, migration centraméricaine, schémas migratoires.

Mechanisms of Pharmacoresistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Drugs but Old Problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose J.G. Marin ◽  
Marta R. Romero ◽  
Elisa Herraez ◽  
Maitane Asensio ◽  
Sara Ortiz-Rivero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
First Line ◽  
Advanced Hcc ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis when diagnosed at advanced stages in which curative treatments are no longer applicable. A small group of these patients may still benefit from transarterial chemoembolization. The only therapeutic option for most patients with advanced HCC is systemic pharmacological treatments based on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immunotherapy. Available drugs only slightly increase survival, as tumor cells possess additive and synergistic mechanisms of pharmacoresistance (MPRs) prior to or enhanced during treatment. Understanding the molecular basis of MPRs is crucial to elucidate the genetic signature underlying HCC resistome. This will permit the selection of biomarkers to predict drug treatment response and identify tumor weaknesses in a personalized and dynamic way. In this article, we have reviewed the role of MPRs in current first-line drugs and the combinations of immunotherapeutic agents with novel TKIs being tested in the treatment of advanced HCC.

Social Representations and Commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
English Articles

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.

Faculty selection of textbooks: Key variables and the role of teaching experience

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja Taitano ◽  
Bradley Smith ◽  
Cade Hulbert ◽  
Kristin Batten ◽  
Lalania Woodstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Faculty Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

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