scholarly journals The Visual Power of Photography and Its Status as a Representation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Weichert
Keyword(s):  
Photographic Method ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Individual Object ◽  
Visual Theory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Visual Power ◽  
Roger Scruton

I shall introduce a hermeneutic perspective and photography analyses from visual theory to the debate concerning the status of photographic representation (together with film, as it is based on the photographic method) which continues within Anglo-Saxon aesthetics and analytical aesthetics. I mostly confront Roger Scruton and Gregory Currie’s thoughts on the photograph and its object (source), representation-by-origin and representation-by-use with Gottfried Boehm’s concept of aesthetic nondifferentiation, and Georges Didi-Huberman’s analyses of photographs. This shall allow me to identify the two aspects of photography (independence of an individual object and visual dynamics of an image) which have a significant impact on the status of photography as a representation and on the potential of cinematographic creation as a story told through images.

The Old English Benedictine Rule: writing for women and men

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 147-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohini Jayatilaka
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Monastic Reform ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
Benedictine Reform ◽  
The Status ◽  
Linguistic Level

The Regula S. Benedicti was known and used in early Anglo-Saxon England, but it was not until the mid-tenth-century Benedictine reform that the RSB became established as the supreme and exclusive rule governing the monasteries of England. The tenth-century monastic reform movement, undertaken by Dunstan, Æthelwold and Oswald during the reign of Edgar (959–75), sought to revitalize monasticism in England which, according to the standards of these reformers, had ceased to exist during the ninth century. They took as a basis for restoring monastic life the RSB, which was regarded by them as the main embodiment of the essential principles of western monasticism, and in this capacity it was established as the primary document governing English monastic life. By elevating the status of the RSB as the central text of monastic practice in England and the basis of a uniform way of life the reformers raised for themselves the problem of ensuring that the RSB would be understood in detail by all monks, nuns and novices, whatever their background. Evidence of various attempts to make the text accessible, both at the linguistic level and at the level of substance, survives in manuscripts dating from the mid-tenth and eleventh centuries; the most important of these attempts is a vernacular translation of the RSB.

A Tale of Two Kings: Alfred the Great and Æthelred the Unready

1986 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 195-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Keynes
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The West ◽  
Apparent Contrast ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Alfred The Great ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Personal Qualities

IN the gallery of Anglo-Saxon kings, there are two whose characters are fixed in the popular imagination by their familiar epithets: Alfred the Great and ÆEthelred the Unready. Of course both epithets are products of the posthumous development of the kings' reputations (in opposite directions), not expressions of genuinely contemporary attitudes to the kings themselves: respective personalities. In the case of Alfred, it was the king’s own resourcefulness, courage and determination that brought the West Saxons through the Viking invasions, for it was these qualities, complemented by his concern for the well–being of his subjects, that inspired and maintained the people’s loyalty towards the king and generated their support for his cause. Whereas in the case of jEthelred, it was the king’s incompetence, weakness and vacillation that brought the kingdom to ruin, for it was these failings, exacerbated by his displays of cruelty and spite, that alienated the people and made them abandon his cause. Few historians, perhaps, would subscribe to such a view expressed as bluntly as that, and more, I suspect, would consider such comparisons to be futile and probably misconceived in the first place. I would maintain, however, that something is to be gained from the exercise of comparing the two kings in fairly broad terms: by juxtaposing discussions of the status of the main narrative accounts of each king’s reign we can more easily appreciate how their utterly different reputations arose, and see, moreover, that in certain respects the apparent contrast between them might actually be deceptive; by comparing the predicament in which each king was placed we can better understand how one managed to extricate himself from trouble while the other succumbed; and overall we can more readily judge how much, or how little, can be attributed to personal qualities or failings on the part of the kings themselves.

Gregory the Great: Reader, Writer and Read

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 12-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Anlezark
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Gregory The Great ◽  
Literature And Society ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Ninth Century ◽  
Christian Literature

An episode unique to the late ninth-century Life of Gregory the Great by John the Deacon reports a famine that occurred in the year of Gregory’s death; a hostile party blamed the lavish generosity of the late pope for Rome’s suffering. The fury of the people was roused and they set out to burn Gregory’s books. However, the deacon Peter, Gregory’s familiarissimus, intervened to dissuade them, telling the people that Gregory’s works were directly inspired by God. As proof he asked God to take his life, and promptly dropped dead. This episode is not found in the earlier accounts of Gregory’s life: the brief account in the mid seventh-century Liber pontificalis, the early eighth-century Life by an anonymous monk of Whitby, and the mid eighth-century account by Paul the Deacon. Doubtful as John the Deacon’s account of the exchange between Peter and the mob may be, it does tell us something about the status of Gregory and his works in the mid 870s, when Pope John VIII commissioned the new hagiography. Gregory the Great became one of the most widely read authors of the Middle Ages, and even in his lifetime some of his works were eagerly sought after. With his popularity and influence Gregory not only added to the body of Christian literature, but also made a lasting contribution to the debate over what kinds of works it was appropriate for Christians to read. This essay will survey his works and discuss his ideas on reading and literature, and on the establishment of a Christian literary canon. The influence of Gregory’s works and ideas will be examined in relation to one particular medieval nation - Anglo-Saxon England. As the instigator of the Anglo-Saxon mission, Gregory enjoyed a great reputation as an author in Anglo-Saxon England, where his ideas on literature and society had a lasting impact.

scholarly journals Αναφορές για τον Κοραή και το έργο του στον αγγλοσαξονικό κόσμο

The Gleaner ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Γιώργος Ν. Βλαχάκης
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Status ◽  
Intellectual Movement ◽  
The Revolution

REFERENCES TO KORAIS AND HIS WORK IN THE ANGLO-SAXON WORLD<br /><br /><br />This paper presents some of the most significant references to Adamantios Korais in the Anglo-Saxon world of the late 18th century and the 19th. Through these references, readers may garner a view of the image that Western scholars had of the intellectual movement in Greece before the revolution of 1821, as well as gaining an idea of the opinion of Anglo-Saxon scholarly circles about Korais and his work. This evidence is of some importance because it gives us a more complete picture of the status Greek scholars in general and Korais in particular held outside of the Greek-speaking world of the period.<br /><br />GEORGE N. VLAHAKIS<br />

The Economics of Ruler-Cult in Anglo-Saxon Law

1965 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
William A. Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
World View ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Status ◽  
Early English ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Religion ◽  
The Church

If economists have been accused, like Oscar Wilde's cynic, of knowing the price of everything and the value of nothing, historians, on the other hand, often know the value of everything and the price of nothing. Since value and price are historically related, however, the historian who ignores the economics which both embodies and reflects a value-system and world-view does so at his own cost. Thus, the laws of the early Germanic tribes — and of the Anglo-Saxons in particular, to whom this study is confined — are dominated by virtual tables of prices and compensations for offenses and injuries. To the general historian, and even to the medievalist, these are perhaps the least fascinating elements of the laws. Certainly the more cosmic elements of Germanic society almost vanish here beneath the weight of numbers. Nonetheless, even these apparently raw economic sources reveal, upon investigation, not only societal structure and the relationship of church and state but a concept of kingship which is the key to both. Penalties and fines in Anglo-Saxon law will be analyzed here to illuminate these aspects of the early English world.The two greatest influences on the actual codification of Anglo-Saxon law are Roman and ecclesiastical. Before the introduction of Christianity no Germanic written code is known, and the written formulation of law is largely stimulated by an attempt to cope with the new religion and with the status of its institution, the Church, in terms of Germanic society. In Kentish law, for example, dooms concerning the Church show less alliteration and consequently may be taken as newer.

scholarly journals Conflict between the Rights of Victim of a Crime and the Rights of the Accused under the German and Polish Justice System in the Context of the Case-law of European Courts

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Cezary Kulesza
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
The Status ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Procedural Rights

<p>The purpose of this article is to examine conflict between the rights of victims of crimes and the rights of defendants under the German and Polish justice system in the context of the case-law of European courts. The analysis covers two possible occurrences of this conflict: 1) in the cognitive sphere, including proving the defendant’s guilt or innocence, and 2) in the decision-making sphere, including initiation of a criminal applying preventive measures, and sentencing. The main thesis of the article is that in the Polish and German criminal process granting the injured parties not only protective rights, but also the status of an active trial party, the risk of this conflict in both of the above-mentioned spheres of the criminal trial is greater than, e.g., in the Anglo-Saxon process where the victim of the crime acts only as a witness. However, the research cited in the article indicates that the extensive codex procedural rights of injured parties as procedural parties (law in books) are not accompanied by their effective use in procedural practice (law in action). Therefore, the protective rights of alleged vulnerable victims, particularly victims of sexual offences, pose a greater threat to the rights of a defendant which constitute the principle of fair trial in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Considerations of this article confirm also the thesis that procedural rights of defendants still have priority over victims’ rights, which of course results from the inclusion of the former in the human rights catalog contained in the European Convention on Human Rights.</p>

scholarly journals The status ofhwætin Old English

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE WALKDEN
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Old Saxon ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Lives Of Saints ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
The Status ◽  
Constituent Order

It is commonly held that Old Englishhwæt, well known within Anglo-Saxon studies as the first word of the epic poemBeowulf, can be ‘used as an adv[erb]. or interj[ection]. Why, what! ah!’ (Bosworth & Toller 1898, s.v.hwæt, 1) as well as the neuter singular of the interrogative pronounhwā‘what’. In this article I challenge the view thathwætcan have the status of an interjection (i.e. be outside the clause that it precedes). I present evidence from Old English and Old Saxon constituent order which suggests thathwætis unlikely to be extra-clausal. Data is drawn from the Old EnglishBede, Ælfric'sLives of Saintsand the Old SaxonHeliand. In all three texts the verb appears later in clauses preceded byhwætthan is normal in root clauses (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.0001 in both cases). Ifhwætaffects the constituent order of the clause it precedes, then it cannot be truly clause-external. I argue that it ishwætcombined with the clause that follows it that delivers the interpretive effect of exclamation, nothwætalone. The structure ofhwæt-clauses is sketched following Rett's (2008) analysis of exclamatives. I conclude that Old Englishhwæt(as well as its Old Saxon cognate) was not an interjection but an underspecifiedwh-pronoun introducing an exclamative clause.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC SHIFT AS A SOURCE OF LEGAL TERMINOLOGY DEVELOPMENT (BASED ON ENGLISH)

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-159
Author(s):  
Elena P. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Status ◽  
Semantic Shift ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Semantic Transfer ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Linguistic Material

The article considers the issues of semantic derivation, its role and place in English legal terms forming at different stages of legal vocabulary development. Semantic derivation (in various sources also referred to as semantic shift and semantic transfer), along with word-building, is one of the internal sources of a language word-stock development and enlargement. A short insight into the theory of terminology at the beginning of the paper enables to determine the status of a term, its relative features, semantic requirements for a term, and to review the most common ways of term formation. Further, the place and role of legal vocabulary are viewed in relation to general literary language, and the issue of English legal terms variance is brought up. Dynamics in the semantic structure of a word is well traced in diachronic and synchronic studies of semantically reinterpreted items from the point of view of their connection with extra linguistic realities. In the experiment, the focus has been made upon the linguistic material of the Old English, Middle English and Early Modern English periods in relation to the periods of Anglo-Saxon law...

scholarly journals Novels Of Constitutional Production: Theoretical Aspect

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
V.I. Rozvadovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
European Court ◽  
Supreme Council ◽  
The Status ◽  
Constitutional Justice ◽  
The Law ◽  
Popular Initiative ◽  
Autonomous Republic

The article is devoted to the problem of short stories in constitutional proceedings, the problems of their understanding, implementation and improvement of a number of related provisions. The Law of Ukraine “About the Constitutional Court of Ukraine” has expanded the catalogue of powers of production entities; especially the institution of a constitutional complaint has been introduced as the only effective mechanism for protecting individuals and legal entities regarding violated rights and freedoms. The innovations of the current Law of Ukraine “On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine” included the following powers of this institution: providing, at the request of the President of Ukraine or at least forty-five people’s deputies of Ukraine, conclusions on the compliance of the Constitution of Ukraine with questions that are proposed for submission to an all-Ukrainian referendum on a popular initiative; resolving issues of compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine of regulatory legal acts of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea at the request of the President of Ukraine; resolving issues of compliance of the laws of Ukraine (their individual provisions) with the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine on the constitutional complaint of a person who believes that the law of Ukraine applied in the final judicial decision in his case is contrary to the Constitution of Ukraine. The above law also provides for the official interpretation of only the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine. At the same time, under the Law “On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine”, as amended in 1996, powers were provided for the interpretation of laws. Moreover, according to the author, the function of interpreting the norms of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine should belong to a single body of constitutional justice of Ukraine as an independent and abstracted subject of political and legal processes. According to the author’s opinion, certain provisions can be attributed to the novels of the law “On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine”, according to which the legislator combined not only the European model of constitutional justice, but also the Anglo-Saxon one in terms of the organizational structure of the Court. This is evidenced by the introduction of the Chamber as an analogue of the European Court of Human Rights, the structure of which includes all judges, two senates of 9 judges and six boards of 3 judges each. The listed subjects of constitutional proceedings have the status of court bodies According to the author, this law also requires additions in terms of specifying the procedure for the competition of candidates for the post ofjudge of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, in matters of probation in court before deciding on their appointment. In addition, it is advisable to provide for amendments to the law of the procedure for dismissing judges of the court, as well as competitive selection for the position of category “A” employees in the Secretariat of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine.

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