scholarly journals La Peste d’Albert Camus : une analyse de la société coloniale algérienne à travers le prisme de l’épidémie

Il Tolomeo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Environmental Humanities ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Levels

March 2020: as Coronavirus continues spreading across the globe, the well-known novel La Peste (1947) by Albert Camus appeals to new readers all over the world. This article offers a new modest reading of La Peste by adopting an approach which emerges from the intersection between Environmental Humanities and Postcolonial Studies. We will explore to what extent the plague is an allegory of human suffering and isolate the different levels on which the allegory may work. Furthermore, we will focus on the link between the representation of the plague outbreaking in Oran and the French-Algerian, multiethnic society. What will the “epidemic fiction” reveal about social structures and practices in the context of colonial Algeria’s last years of existence, and how? The representation of the epidemic seems to mirror the inequalities of that colonial society that is not depicted in the novel, and yet it reminds the reader that societies are constructed and thus, can be improved.

scholarly journals La Peste d’Albert Camus : une analyse de la société coloniale algérienne à travers le prisme de l’épidémie

Il Tolomeo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Environmental Humanities ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Levels

March 2020: as Coronavirus continues spreading across the globe, the well-known novel La Peste (1947) by Albert Camus appeals to new readers all over the world. This article offers a new modest reading of La Peste by adopting an approach which emerges from the intersection between Environmental Humanities and Postcolonial Studies. We will explore to what extent the plague is an allegory of human suffering and isolate the different levels on which the allegory may work. Furthermore, we will focus on the link between the representation of the plague outbreaking in Oran and the French-Algerian, multiethnic society. What will the ‘epidemic fiction’ reveal about social structures and practices in the context of colonial Algeria’s last years of existence, and how? The representation of the epidemic seems to mirror the inequalities of that colonial society that is not depicted in the novel, and yet it reminds the reader that societies are constructed and, thus, can be improved.

scholarly journals Albert Camus' Idea of Rebellion In The Outsider

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Aneed Thanwan Rustam
Keyword(s):  
Albert Camus ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
French Colonialism ◽  
Rigid System ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment

 In novel The Outsider, Camus depicts the reality of the French colonialism in Algeria. The novel presents Camus' condemnation of Meursault's indifference to the brutality of the colonial society he belongs to. Meursault kills an Arab and he is judged not for this crime but because he doesn't behave according to the codes of his society during his mother's death. This shows that the Europeans  treat the 'others' as 'things' ,and for the European judges, the murder of an Arab is not different from breaking a stone or cutting a tree. Meurault is  a stranger in a strange world and the revelation he experiences at  the moment of facing this world splits him from the values of his society. He retreats into the world of sensations, he trusts only the things he can see and find meaning in, refusing the abstract values of his society which are devoid of meaning. This substantiates Camus's message  of art as a rebellion against the rigid system imposed on man  and his attempt to transcend the limits of his society  and create his own world of ideas in which he feels free to enjoy what he never experiences before, art as a transformation of human existence and an everlasting struggle for giving it meaning.

Camus and Tragedy in Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Albert Camus ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
The World ◽  
Educational Imagination ◽  
The Human Condition

Tragedy is a central theme in the work of Albert Camus that speaks to his 46 years of life in “interesting times.” He develops a case for the tragic arts across a series of letters, articles, lectures, short stories, and novels. In arguing for the tragic arts, he reveals an epic understanding of the tensions between individual and world manifest in the momentum of liberalism, humanism, and modernism. The educational qualities of the tragic arts are most explicitly explored in his novel The Plague, in which the proposition that the plague is a teacher engages Camus in an exploration of the grand narratives of progress and freedom, and the intimate depths of ignorance and heroism. In the novel The Outsider Camus explores the tragedy of difference in a society obsessed with the production of a normal citizen. The tragedy manifests the absurdity of the world in which a stranger in this world is compelled to support the system that rejects their subjectivity. In The Myth of Sisyphus Camus produces an essay on absurdity and suicide that toys with the illusion of Progress and the grounds for a well-lived life. Across these texts, and through his collection of letters, articles, and notes, Camus invites an educational imagination. His approach to study of the human condition in and through tragedy offers a narrative to challenge the apparent absence of imagination in educational systems and agendas. Following Camus, the tragic arts offer alternative narratives during the interesting times of viral and environment tragedy.

"THE PLAGUE" BY A. CAMUS AND THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: HUMANITY IN THE FACE OF AN EXISTENTIAL THREAT

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Ryazantsev ◽  
◽  
Alexey V. Smirnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Albert Camus ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

The novel of the Nobel Prize winner in literature Albert Camus "The Plague" became one of the most widely read books in Europe during the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic. A number of researchers consider Camus to be an existentialist writer. Existentialism arises, after two bloody wars, to give answers to questions that concern humanity. Since Albert Camus wrote the novel during the Second World War, he understands the plague not only as a disease, but also as German soldiers, whom the inhabitants of France called the "brown plague" because the invaders wore brown shirts. As the inhabitants of the city of Oran resisted the plague on the pages of the work, so the inhabitants of France fought against Nazism and fascism. A. Camus in the novel "The Plague" describes the quarantine measures that take place in the city of Oran in the 40s of the XX century. The consequences of the epidemic and the behavior of the residents described in the novel have much in common with modern coronavirus realities: the decline of the economy, the growth of the number of unemployed, protests against the quarantine measures introduced; the introduction of curfews, the creation of new medicines, etc. In Russia, as in the pages of the novel, there is a decline in the economy. Thus, during the pandemic in Russia, the number of registered unemployed increased from 1.3 million people to 4.8 million, and the appeal to employment centers for support measures increased from 20% to 80%. Camus in his novel writes about the creation of an anti-plague serum, in Russia, the first in the world, a vaccine against coronavirus infection "Sputnik V" was created. The director of the hotel, described in the work, said that due to the epidemic and quarantine, the tourist business disappeared. According to the World Tourism Organization — tourism at the end of 2020 it has decreased by 77% compared to 2019, which is equivalent to the tourist activity that was recorded in the late 80s. Stray animals were shot in Oran, because they believed that they could be carriers of infection. In China, during the Covid-19 pandemic, pets were thrown out of windows because people believed that they could be the source of Covid-19, and in Denmark, more than 11 million minks were exterminated for the same reasons. The authors of this article attempted to analyze the development of the epidemiological process in the novel and plot the mortality rate from the plague according to the data of the work.

Functional differentiation as ideology of the (neo)colonial society

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Leite Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Regional Inequality ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
Relations Of Power ◽  
Marxist Tradition

This article discusses the ideological character of the notion of functional differentiation. According to Luhmann, the development of worldwide social differentiation (that is, the rise of the world society) leads to different regional developments and generates, through the inclusion/exclusion code, a division of the world between places where the functional differentiation operates appropriately and inappropriately. This paper argues, however, that functional differentiation is only readable as an ensemble of relations of power and ideological discourses. This subject is developed in light of theoretical approaches from the Marxist tradition and from postcolonial studies. Regarding the first, the functional differentiation is reread as an abstract and generic equality, which permits the material reproduction of regional inequality. This idea provides a background for discussing the ideological features of the functional differentiation which serves the dominant position of Western countries in the international arena since it enables the maintenance of a ruling ideology, according to which the world is differentiated between the ‘civilized’ West (where democracy performs positively) and the ‘uncivilized’ non-West (where democracy performs negatively).

scholarly journals Fairy tale — myth — logos in the poetics of G. Yakhina`s novel “Children of mine”

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
Nadezhda I. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Levels

The article is to study a mythological subtext of the novel “Children of mine” by G. Yakhina, which appeared at different levels: composition, plot, construction of the system of characters ' images. Main character of the novel, Jacob Bach, and his beloved Clara are reunited into a single whole, not only as lovers, but also as representatives of two interrelated and complementary principles of German culture-folklore and literature. The interaction of this pair of heroes should be considered in this symbolic context. Thus, the novel develops a fundamentally significant for its conception motif of prophecy, which implies a subtext about the creation of the world-Logos, which is further developed in the narrative, when the image of the main character fulfills the function of guardian of the cultural memory of the Volga Germans. At the same time, the act of creativity is synonymous with creation, which allows us to grasp in a complex novel whole the repeatability of components of a closed cycle of “myth-life”, fully realized in its narrative structure. Mythological world surrounding Bach is in opposition to the space of Soviet history, embodied in the image of the agitator Hoffmann. There is an inverted picture of the world: historical world as dead and the world of culture as a living world. Thus, in the novel, the poles of life and death exchange places in relation to the present and the past. In view of this conception, one can read a deep intention of the writer representing the word of culture as giving immortality and life in eternity.

Architecture and memory in W. G. Sebald’s Austerlitz

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Naomi Stead
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Literary Expression ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
The Way

Austerlitz was the German expatriate author W. G. Sebald’s last book before his untimely death in 2001. Greeted with great critical acclaim, the novel is a profound meditation on history, memory, and loss. Sebald’s larger attempt to represent and memorialise the lasting trauma of the Holocaust, in an oblique and understated rather than a literal way, led him to a new kind of literary expression described by Eric Homberger as ‘part hybrid novel, part memoir and part travelogue’. What is most interesting about Austerlitz, for the purposes of this article, is that it makes so much use of architecture. In this, it joins a tradition of literary works that treat architecture as a metaphor for human endeavour and artifice, social structures, and attempts to order and construct the world. But, there is more to the buildings in Austerlitz. The book offers insights into the larger meaning – often, but not always, melancholy – of architecture in culture and society, past and present. This is elucidated at a personal level, in the way that surroundings and spatial atmospheres can affect the emotional life of an individual, and also at a collective level, in the way that buildings bear witness to, and last beyond, the trials and duration of a single human life.

The Totemic Dependence of the Characters of S. Protsyuk’s Novel «Totem»

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Functional Load ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Levels

The article is devoted to the psychological decoding of the totem dependence of one of the main characters of the novel by S. Protsyuk – Victor’s father. The totem in the work is modeled as a metaphor for human destruction, which is manifestation of fornication, fear, hatred, immorality, irresponsibility, moral and psychological indifference, instinctual desires for intimacy, pathological perception of the world, distorted forms of relationships between people. It is based on lust and despair, destroying characters at different levels of becoming – personal, psychological, cultural, national. It is established that Victor’s father in S. Protsyuk’s novel is modeled from several positions – father, husband and lover. Functional load of the father’s mission in the work is reduced to hatred of his son Victor, his psychological trauma; the function of Victor’s father as a husband is to form a discourse of moral and physical masochism based on lust, indifference to Mary’s feelings, as well as creating tension and social distance between the former spouses; the heroic totemic dependence of the hero is most clearly represented in his function as a lover, dependent on the female body and comfort, aimed at obtaining physical pleasure and developing his own philosophy of free relations. The totem in the novel is justified as a destructive mechanism that has the ability to transmit genetically, programming the next generations infected with the totem, on self-destruction, totem dependence, disharmony, moral and even physical degeneration. It is established that the hero was indifferent to family and social life due to his irresponsibility, immorality, frivolity, adventurism, ability to numerous adulterers. The influence of the totem has led the hero to a moral degeneration and a vulnerability to instinct. The destructive influence of the totem at the end of life led to the awareness of Victor’s father of the vanity, vanity and impermanence of life, unraveling the pathos of adultery and adventurism.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Air Quality Levels in Samsun, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Bahtiyar Efe
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Data Completeness ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
First Case ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Different Levels

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (hereafter COVID-19) has changed the daily routines of people around the world. The first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in December 2019, whilst it was confirmed on 11 March 2020 in Turkey. After the number of cases reached 4500 per day by 10 April, the government declared more restrictive lockdown measures for 31 metropolitan cities, which were implemented for the following weekends and national and religious holidays. The changes in the concentrations of CO, NOx, NO2 and PM10 during the period of these measures with respect to the pre-lockdown period and for different levels of measures for Samsun, the biggest city of the Karadeniz region, were investigated in this study. The daily mean concentrations of CO, NOx, NO2 and PM10 were obtained from Tekkekoy station due to it having data completeness greater than 95% for all pollutants. The average CO, NOx and NO2 concentrations during the lockdown period declined with respect to the pre-lockdown period, whilst PM10 increased by 3%. The average concentrations of all the pollutants decreased when the level of restrictions increased during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The number of days exceeding the WHO limit for PM10 was decreased during the lockdown period to 16 days with respect to the pre-lockdown period at 19 days. There was only a positive weak relationship between the mobility decrease rate and NO2 concentrations.

scholarly journals Conceptological analysis of artistic space in novel „The Time Machine" by H. G. Wells (translated into Russian)

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
E. V. Minaieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Time Machine ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Levels

The article discusses the features of modeling artistic space in novel The Time Machine, by H. G. Wells through a complex system of concepts top, bottom, fear, darkness, light. The constant interaction of these concepts leads to increased permeability of their boundaries, to a continuous exchange of conceptual features. The artistic space in the novel by H. G. Wells has a pronounced vertical character. We have identified the universal axis of top-bottom concepts in the artistic space and analyzed it. Movement along the vertical axis of the up and down concepts is carried out throughout the novel. In the novel The Time Machine, the features of the top concept become blurred, as they are overlaid with the features of the bottom concept. In the novel by H. G. Wells, the emotive concept of fear forms a fusion with the concepts of darkness and light. Fear unites different levels of the novel's artistic space. The binary concepts of darkness and light actively model the artistic space in novel The Time Machine. These concepts are closely related to the binary opposition of top-bottom concepts. In addition, they perform ontological, epistemological, axiological and aesthetic functions. The study of the features of artistic space in the novel The Time Machine opens up opportunities for further research of the artistic model of the world by H. G. Wells and the problems of modeling artistic space in the literature.

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