Influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on properties and efficiency of sod-podsolic soil in the conditions of the Republic Komi

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
N.T. Chebotaryov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Yudin ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismailov Uzaqbay Emberdenovich ◽  
◽  
Ismailova Aqsingul Uzaqbayevna ◽  
Satbaeva Elvira ◽  
Maqulbaev Qudaybergan Xo’jambergenovich ◽  
...  

Experiments were conducted on studying the effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on the growth, development and productivity of cotton in saline soils of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. In practice, the annual norm of mineral fertilizer (N250 P175 K125 kg / ha) was reduced by 25% (N185 P130 K90 kg / ha) and an additional 10 and 20 t / ha of organic fertilizer was used. As a result of the experiment, when organic fertilizer was used at the amount of 20 t / ha, and mineral fertilizer was used at the amount of N185 P130 K90 kg / ha the growth, development and productivity of cotton were improved and mineral fertilizer was economized by 25%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Q. Aslanov ◽  
N. Quliyeva

The article discusses the issues of scientific solution of the State Program for the development of cotton growing in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Ganja-Gazakh zone has been irrigated for a long time and is widely used both in the cultivation of cotton and grain, melons and vegetables. The results of the influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on the plant density of cotton after barley harvest are analyzed. The optimal doses of fertilizers for obtaining a high, high-quality and sustainable yield of raw cotton have been determined.


2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.


Author(s):  
V. А. Shevchenko ◽  
A. V. Nefedov ◽  
A. V. Ilinskiy ◽  
А. Е. Morozov

Long-term observations of the drained soil of peat-podzolic-gley light loam on ancient alluvial sands state on the example of the meliorative object "Tinky-2" showed that under the influence of agricultural use in the soil, the organic matter mineralization processes are accelerated. During the drainage process, the soil evolutionarily suffered the following changes: the peat layer was compacted, humified and mineralized, which was a reason of the transformation them into the humus horizon. Based on the monitoring studies results it was established that during 21 intensive use years the peat layer thickness was decreased by 74.5% and amounted to 5.51 inch, which in the following 20 years was decreased to a layer of 1.18 inch, and for another 14 years it became a homogeneous humus horizon containing difficulty identifiable plant remains. For half a century, the bulk density increased by 6 times and the total moisture capacity of the soil decreased by 3.6 times. Other indicators were changed significantly. So, the ash content by 2016 increased from 11.2% to 52.7%. It was a reason of the plough-layer decreasing and it mixes with the mineral sand horizon during plowing. It should also be noted that the total nitrogen content in the soil decreased by 1.13%, and total carbon by 15.3% from 1982 to 2016. The dynamics of changes in the soil acidity, phosphorus and potassium content is associated with the introduction of calcareous, organic and mineral fertilizers in the 1980s. The unsystematic exploitation of such soils leads to decrease in the agricultural products productivity and increase in energy costs. When planning these soils usage in agricultural production, it is necessary to develop and implement modern melioration technologies and techniques aimed to increase soil fertility.


2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2608-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Carmen Elena Melinte (Frunzulica) ◽  
Lavinia Purza ◽  
...  

Long term productivity and conservation of soils is critical for sustaining agricultural ecosystems. The specific objective of the work reported was to determine the effects of long term application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil enzyme activity as an index of soil biology and biochemistry. Three key soil enzymes involved in intracellular metabolism of microorganisms and two soil enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism were selected. Actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the 0-20 cm layer of an eroded soil submitted to a complex fertilization experiment. Results showed that addition of mineral fertilizers to organic (green manure and farmyard manure) fertilizers led to a significant increase in each activity because of increased plant biomass production which upon incorporation stimulates soil biological activity. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality calculated from the values of enzymatic activities depending on the kind of fertilizers showed that by the determination of enzymatic activities valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils. A weak positive correlation between enzymatic indicators of soil quality and maize yield was established. The yield data demonstrate the superiority of farmyard manure which provided greater stability in crop production. Substantial improvement in soil biological activity due to application of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers contribute in maintaining the productivity and soil health.


Author(s):  
D. N. Radnaev ◽  
S. V. Petunov ◽  
D-Ts. B. Badmatsyrenov

The paper presents the results of studies of grain crops row sowing method agrotechnical indicators after the modernization of the working bodies of the SZS-2.1 seeder-cultivator. The SZS-2,1 stubble cultivator seeder has found wide application in the arid regions of the Republic of Buryatia, whose soils are prone to wind erosion. This seeder provides a combination of pre-sowing cultivation, sowing grain crops, applying mineral fertilizers to the sown rows and rolling them on stubble backgrounds, that is, in fields that have been processed since autumn with flat-cutting tools or have not been cultivated at all. Sowing with these seeders with 23 cm row spacing in a row method is the main method of sowing spring wheat in the soil conservation agriculture system. Routine sowing on soils of light texture, subject to wind erosion, causes thickening of plants in a row, which leads to irrational use of the feeding area by plants, increased weediness of crops between rows and, ultimately, to a decrease in yield. A distributor for the coulter has been developed, where the seeds are fed to the distributor. Then, reflecting from the distributor, the seeds are evenly dispersed in the opener under the plow space. Also, instead of serial wedge-shaped packer rollers, ring-spur rollers of the 3KSH-6 type are installed on the seeder. In addition, continuous rolling provides the necessary contact of seeds with the soil, preserves soil moisture and helps to attract it from the lower layers. Thus, the modernization of the SZS-2.1 seeder made it possible to substantiate subsurface-spread strip sowing with continuous rolling, which ultimately led to an increase in grain yield by 10-15%.


Author(s):  
Adriana MOREA ◽  
Ioan ROTAR ◽  
Roxana VIDICAN ◽  
Florin PÄ‚CURAR ◽  
Anamaria MÄ‚LINAȘ

The maintenance of semi-natural grasslands within the mountainous landscape is deeply influenced by fertilization. Application of fertilizer will cause changes in the chemical composition of the plant and will increase the palatability, decreasing the denials. One should apply fertilizers taking into account the way of exploitation of the grassland. If the grasslands are grazed, much of the nutrients return into the meadow by manure, fattening being more important than on mowed lawns where all the nutrients taken from plants are exported. The aim of this paper was to assess the influence of organic and mineral fertilizers upon semi-natural grassland’s plant diversity on different soil types. The research was carried out in Apuseni Mountains, in an experimental field with one experience with organic fertilizers  ( T1 control, T2 10 t ha-1manure, T3 20 t ha-1 manure, T4 30 t ha-1 manure ) . Mineral fertilizers complex NPK 20:10:10 ratio was applied in three quantities: 50N 25P 25 K, 100N 50P 50K, and 150N 75P 75 K. The results showed that the largest quantities of mineral fertilizers generated a considerable decrease of plant diversity. For future management actions that are meant to maintain plant diversity in Apuseni Mountains, the organic fertilization with 10 t ha-1 manure quantities administrated annually or once on two years. In conclusion is justified to make organic treatments on Preluvosol Rodic soil type and mineral treatments on Eutricambosol Rendzinic soil type.


Author(s):  
Ilya Alexandrovich Khapugin

The influence of mineral fertilizers on morphometric parameters of Melissa officinalis (Melissa officinalis L.) was studied. It is shown that the morphometric indicators changed depending on the meteorological conditions and the types of mineral fertilizers. The most active shoot formation was observed on the variant with the use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. The maximum value of the leaf surface index (leaf area index – LAI) of Melissa officinalis plants was recorded in 2017 on the variant with the use of nitrogen-potassium mineral fertilizers.    


Author(s):  
V.S. Sergeev ◽  
◽  
D.R. Mukminov ◽  
◽  

Sugar beet is the main technical crop in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Beet growing in the region is carried out in the zone of risky agriculture. Based on the bioproducts produced for Beta vulgaris growing, the team of the BashInkom Scientific & Innovation Enterprise together with scientists from the Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar and leading Russian beet growers improved and optimized the traditional technology, which, even under stressful conditions (drought, temperature decrease, waterlogging, freezing, toxic chemical oppression, lack of readily soluble nutrients) and a significant reduction in production costs, increases crop productivity by 20% and sugar content by 0.1-0.3%. Production experiments were carried out in beet-growing farms of the republic: farming company “Mukminov”, LLC “Voskhod” (Gafuri region), LLC farming company “Salavat”, LLC “Michurina” (Aurgazinsky district), LLC “Region-Agro” (Davlekanovsky district), etc. Research results confirm the effectiveness of the use of biological products and biofertilizers in sugar beet cultivation technology. The increase in the yield amounted to 2-10 t/ha compared to traditional technology; sugar content increased to 0.3%; finance costs that are attributable to the acquisition and use of biological products and bioactivated fertilizers have paid off, and high profitability is guaranteed. Conclusions: 1. Biological products and bioactivated fertilizers are an integral and mandatory element in the technology of sugar beet cultivation, as well as an innovative solution in protecting plants from environmental stress factors and in balancing plant nutrition by carrying out leaf feeding in key phases of growth and development. 2. Biologized technology allows increasing the yield of sugar beet by 20% and reducing the cost of chemical plant protection products and mineral fertilizers by 1.2-1.3 times. 3. Economic efficiency in the cultivation of sugar beet from the use of biological products and bioactivated fertilizers is up to 8 net profit per 1 RUB production costs.


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