Strength and Sterility of Stock and Diluted Carprofen Over Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajie J Xu ◽  
Deanna M Renner ◽  
Patrick A Lester
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drug ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Over Time

Carprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, is a commonly used analgesic for laboratory animals. The manufacturerlabeling indicates the stock bottle may be stored and used for up to 28 d under refrigeration. However, institutional guidelines may vary in how long diluted carprofen solutions can be stored before they must be discarded. When administered to laboratory rodents, small volumes of the stock solution are diluted to provide accurate dosing and ease of administration. Because carprofen is formulated for use in companion animals (for example, dogs) and comes in larger volume multidose vials, the majority of carprofen at our institution is discarded before it can be used. In this study, we evaluated the amount of target ingredient present (strength), sterility, and endotoxin levels of both stock and diluted carprofen when stored in a variety of containers and at multiple temperature settings for up to 180 d, mimicking facets of typical use in laboratory animal research and medicine. We demonstrated that when refrigerated and stored in sterile vials, stock and diluted carprofen can be kept and used for up to 180 d while retaining strength and sterility. For short-term use, diluted carprofen can also be stored for up to 60 d at room temperature in conical tubes. These results will help establish scientifically justified storage conditions for carprofen to ensure that these agents remain appropriately potent and sterile for therapeutic use in laboratory animals.

Indomethacin-Induced Colonic Ulceration and Bleeding

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 883-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Oren ◽  
Moshe Ligumsky
Keyword(s):  
Drug Class ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drug ◽  
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Colonic Ulceration ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
A Prospective Study

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. CASE SUMMARY: A patient in whom short-term ingestion of indomethacin was associated with colonic ulceration and significant gastrointestinal bleeding is described. DISCUSSION: The bleeding ulceration of the ascending colon, associated in our patient with short-term indomethacin intake, confirms previous reports of the drug's deleterious effect on the lower GI tract. The incidence of NSAID injury of the small intestinal colon may be higher than that previously reported. CONCLUSIONS: A prospective study of NSAID users could assess the magnitude of lower GI lesions, concomitant with upper GI evaluation, and help determine limitations in the use of this drug class.

Use of a Maggot Motility Index to Evaluate Survival of Therapeutic Larvae

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Rosales ◽  
Jefferey R. Vazquez ◽  
Brian Short ◽  
Heather R. Kimbriel ◽  
Matthew J. Claxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Motility Index ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Surrogate Method

Maggot debridement therapy is rapidly increasing in popularity at major diabetic foot and wound care centers worldwide. However, we are unaware of specific guidelines on the short-term storage of larvae. We sought to evaluate differences in maggot motility over time in larvae refrigerated versus those stored at room temperature. We also introduce a simple surrogate method for evaluating maggot vitality that may be useful for in vivo studies if validated in future works. We randomly selected ten larvae from the same shipment at ten different times in 9 days. Larvae were placed on a translucent acetate grid, and their total excursion in 30 sec was measured. This was converted into a Maggot Motility Index. In the refrigerated group, the index remained at or above 40 mm/min for approximately 60 hours from baseline, when there was a significant decrease. This same phenomenon occurred during the first 12 hours in the nonrefrigerated group. There were significant differences in motility between refrigerated and nonrefrigerated larvae immediately after baseline until day 8. Larvae are more practical for repeated clinical use if kept refrigerated between applications. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(4): 353–355, 2004)

Effects of Flavorings, Storage Conditions, and Storage Time on Survival of Staphylococcus aureus in Sürk Cheese

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1487-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
TUĞRUL M. MASATCIOĞLU ◽  
YAHYA K. AVŞAR
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Over Time

The objectives of this study were to determine the cumulative effects of flavorings (chili pepper, thyme, mint, cumin, nutmeg, allspice, clove, cinnamon, black pepper, salt, and hot red pepper paste), storage conditions, and storage time on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus in Sürk cheese and to monitor the associated chemical changes. Sürk cheese, a traditional Turkish cheese, was produced by heating diluted nonfat yogurt and adding flavorings to the resultant acid-heat curd. The cheese was later inoculated with S. aureus, shaped conically, and stored aerobically for mold growth and anaerobically in olive oil for 30 days at room temperature. The moisture content of aerobically stored cheese decreased over time and led to increases in total solids, salt, salt-in-moisture, and ash content during ripening (P < 0.05). The presence or absence of the flavorings had no significant effect, whereas storage conditions and storage duration decreased the survival of S. aureus (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Effect of Extender, Storage Time and Temperature on Kinetic Parameters (CASA) on Bull Semen Samples

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Aitor Fernandez-Novo ◽  
Sergio Santos-Lopez ◽  
Clara Barrajon-Masa ◽  
Patricia Mozas ◽  
Eduardo de Mercado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Diagnostic Centre ◽  
Holding Temperature

CASA kinetic parameters are often evaluated in a diagnostic centre. How storage conditions affect ejaculates up to evaluation is unclear. We assessed, in 25 commercial bulls electroejaculated in the field, the impact of time until evaluation (0–2 h, 4–6 h, and 24 h post-ejaculation), holding temperature (5 °C vs. room temperature), and extender (AndroMed®, BIOXcell® or INRA96®) on CASA kinetic parameters. Total and progressive motility, VCL, VAP, VCL, ALH, BCF, STR, LIN, and WOB were assessed. CASA kinetic parameters were preserved for up to 4–6 h post-ejaculation, except for AndroMed®. Regardless of extender or temperature, motility decreased from 4–6 h up to 24 h, with the best values obtained with BIOXcell® at 5 °C. Our results suggest that BIOXcell® can preserve sperm motility for up to 6 h, either at 5 °C or room temperature, and also INRA96® at room temperature, with motility assessments and the percentage of the most rapid sperms being the lowest with INRA96® at 5 °C. The kinetic parameters decreased when analyses were performed at 24 h. Therefore, we suggest evaluating seminal quality as soon as possible, before 6 h after collection. These results help to fix adequate protocols for the short-term storage and shipment of bovine semen collected under field conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Changes in Pelargonium Cuttings Subjected to Short-term Storage Conditions

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 637a-637
Author(s):  
Richard N. Arteca ◽  
Jeannette M. Arteca ◽  
Tzann-Wei Wang ◽  
Carl D. Schlagnhaufer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to evaluate physiological, biochemical and molecular changes which occur in unrooted Pelargonium ×hortorum cuttings during storage. Pelargonium cuttings of `Sincerity' (good shipper), `Wendy Ann' (moderate shipper), and `Snowmass' (poor shipper) were stored at 25°C and evaluated over a 5-day period. Following removal from storage, cuttings exhibited progressive declines in photosynthesis, respiration, carbohydrate, starch and protein over time which was significant in all three cultivars, however there was little difference among the cultivars. Ethylene levels produced by `Sincerity' and `Wendy Ann' began to increase 3 days following the initiation of storage, whereas `Snowmass' showed an increase after one day reaching a peak at 3 days and was followed by a sharp decline. When unrooted cuttings of `Snowmass' were stored for a 5-day period at temperatures from 4 to 25°C, it was observed that those stored at 4°C had a significantly higher visual rating, chlorophyll content, root and shoot weight than at higher temperatures tested. The decline in quality progressively became greater from 10 to 25°C. Changes in gene expression of two ACC synthases and an ACC oxidase were evaluated in `Snowmass' cuttings which were stored at 4 and 25°C. Correlations between ethylene and ACC levels with gene expression were observed.

scholarly journals Systematic Analysis of Impact of Sampling Regions and Storage Methods on Fecal Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Profiles

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Liang ◽  
Tianyu Dong ◽  
Minjian Chen ◽  
Lianping He ◽  
Tingzhang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Room Temperature Storage ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Temperature Storage

ABSTRACT The contribution of human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and metabolites to host health has recently become much clearer. However, many confounding factors can influence the accuracy of gut microbiome and metabolome studies, resulting in inconsistencies in published results. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of fecal sampling regions and storage and retrieval conditions on gut microbiome and metabolite profiles from three healthy children. Our analysis indicated that compared to homogenized and snap-frozen samples (standard control [SC]), different sampling regions did not affect microbial community alpha diversity, while a total of 22 of 176 identified metabolites varied significantly across different sampling regions. In contrast, storage conditions significantly influenced the microbiome and metabolome. Short-term room temperature storage had a minimal effect on the microbiome and metabolome profiles. Sample storage in RNALater showed a significant level of variation in both microbiome and metabolome profiles, independent of the storage or retrieval conditions. The effect of RNALater on the metabolome was stronger than the effect on the microbiome, and individual variability between study participants outweighed the effect of RNALater on the microbiome. We conclude that homogenizing stool samples was critical for metabolomic analysis but not necessary for microbiome analysis. Short-term room temperature storage had a minimal effect on the microbiome and metabolome profiles and is recommended for short-term fecal sample storage. In addition, our study indicates that the use of RNALater as a storage medium of stool samples for microbial and metabolomic analyses is not recommended. IMPORTANCE The gastrointestinal microbiome and metabolome can provide a new angle to understand the development of health and disease. Stool samples are most frequently used for large-scale cohort studies. Standardized procedures for stool sample handling and storage can be a determining factor for performing microbiome or metabolome studies. In this study, we focused on the effects of stool sampling regions and stool sample storage conditions on variations in the gut microbiome composition and metabolome profile.

scholarly journals PCR and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Laboratory Animal Infections and in Health Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-468
Author(s):  
Susan R Compton
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Microbial Status

Molecular diagnostics (PCR and RT-PCR) have become commonplace in laboratory animal research and diagnostics, augmenting or replacing serological and microbiologic methods. This overview will discuss the uses of molecular diagnostics in the diagnosis of pathogenic infections of laboratory animals and in monitoring the microbial status of laboratory animals and their environment. The article will focus primarily on laboratory rodents, although PCR can be used on samples from any laboratory animal species.

scholarly journals Impact of Storage Conditions on the Methanogenic Activity of Anaerobic Digestion Inocula

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Astals ◽  
Konrad Koch ◽  
Sören Weinrich ◽  
Sasha D. Hafner ◽  
Stephan Tait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Specific Methanogenic Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Over Time

The impact of storage temperature (4, 22 and 37 °C) and storage time (7, 14 and 21 days) on anaerobic digestion inocula was investigated through specific methanogenic activity assays. Experimental results showed that methanogenic activity decreased over time with storage, regardless of storage temperature. However, the rate at which the methanogenic activity decreased was two and five times slower at 4 °C than at 22 and 37 °C, respectively. The inoculum stored at 4 °C and room temperature (22 °C) maintained methanogenic activity close to that of fresh inoculum for 14 days (<10% difference). However, a storage temperature of 4 °C is preferred because of the slower decrease in activity with lengthier storage time. From this research, it was concluded that inoculum storage time should generally be kept to a minimum, but that storage at 4 °C could help maintain methanogenic activity for longer.

Analysis of Squalene and Its Transformation By-Products in Latent Fingermarks by Ultrahigh-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Accurate Mass Orbitrap™ Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhika Dorakumbura ◽  
Francesco Busetti ◽  
Simon Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Accurate Mass ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
By Products ◽  
Over Time ◽  
High Resolution Accurate Mass

<p>Transformation of squalene and its by-products in fingermarks over time under different storage conditions (light, dark and underwater) was examined through ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography high resolution accurate mass Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry. Complications of assessing fingermark compositional variation over time using multiple samples with varying initial compositions were elucidated and a more rational approach was successfully demonstrated. Squalene was detected in all fresh natural fingermarks and the amount ranged between 0.20 to 11.32 μg/5 fingertips. A notable difference in the transformation of squalene was observed with different storage conditions, where a dark aquatic environment accelerated degradation of squalene compared to dark but dry conditions. Squalene monohydroperoxide was extremely short-lived in natural deposits while the amount of squalene epoxide was still increasing relative to the initial amount, after ageing under dark and aquatic conditions for up to 7 days. Some oxidation by-products of cholesterol were also tentatively identified, which exhibited a growth over time against their initial concentration under any of the storage condition tested. These by-products, therefore, show potential as biomarkers for targeted visualisation of aged deposits.</p>

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