The Rise and Fall of Popular Australian Lawn Bowls 1864–2021

2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Georgakis ◽  
Peter Horton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
British Nationalism

Lawn bowls is one of the oldest formally established British sports in Australia. This paper provides an overview of the place of lawn bowls in Australian history and society from 1864 to 2021 through four eras: British nationalism (1864–1900); middle class sport (1900–1945); leading seniors sport (1945–1990); and decline (1990–2021). The four eras cover the span of Australian lawn bowls and are based on historical data from both primary and secondary sources tracing its rise and decline. The decline in lawn bowls has been a combination of both internal and external factors. This paper is not a purely chronological account of lawn bowls, but rather provides a framework to better understand the place and role of the sport in Australian culture and society. The origins of lawn bowls in Australia are directly linked to the cultural heritage that stemmed from British settlement. Lawn bowls provides a vehicle to develop insight and understanding into several past, current, and future social and cultural issues including seniors sport, sport participation rates, gender relations, nationalism, class structures, urbanisation, and the development of contemporary cities.

Concluding Summary

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Figdor
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Conceptual Confusion

Chapter 10 provides a summary of the argument of the book. It elaborates some of the benefits of Literalism, such as less conceptual confusion and an expanded range of entities for research that might illuminate human cognition. It motivates distinguishing the questions of whether something has a cognitive capacity from whether it is intuitively like us. It provides a conceptual foundation for the social sciences appropriate for the increasing role of modeling in these sciences. It also promotes convergence in terms of the roles of internal and external factors in explaining both human and nonhuman behavior. Finally, it sketches some of the areas of new research that it supports, including group cognition and artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals Remuneration and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Iriani Ismail
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The aim of this study is to explain the role of remuneration in improving the performance of library employees. This study uses the qualitative method which the population is all employees numbering 17 people. Based on interactive analysis methods and ethnographic techniques, its took In-depth interview and observations. Using this analysis, the result showed that the remuneration has an important role in improving employees performance. Some internal and external factors influence it so that optimal performance is obtained. Generally, employees expect that the remuneration has been high to be accepted like as expected. Most employees demands such remuneration to meet their daily needs. External factors also has a strong role so the employees demand high, but not balanced with high performance.

Talent development in Chinese and Swiss music students

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-243
Author(s):  
Suse Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chinese Music ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Musical talent development and the factors that influence it—such as family or peers—have been widely researched, especially in a Western setting. Despite the growing body of research in non-Western cultures and regions, there is still a lack of research comparing the factors and perceptions of musical talent development between Western and Asian settings. This interview study compared Swiss and Chinese music students’ ( N = 19) musical talent development and the factors influencing musical talent during childhood and adolescence, their professional aims, and their perception of internal and external factors affecting talent development. The students had similar opinions regarding the role of their teachers, the roles of internal and external factors in talent development, and their career goals. However, the students from China and Switzerland differed in their experiences of making and discussing music with peers, in the difficulties experienced during their music education, and in their relationship with their families. The results are a starting point for further comparative research on the perception and development of musical talent, and offer material for a mutual understanding of music students’ backgrounds in countries with differing music education traditions.

scholarly journals The Role of state in the development of construction companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 312-317
Author(s):  
Mammadova Kamala Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The purpose and objectives of the study are to identify the role of the state in the development of construction companies and to define the economic mechanisms of the mutual relationship of internal and external factors for increasing the efficient management of the construction companies. Comparative analysis, a logical-systematic approach, comparison and generalization, analysis and synthesis, and economic and statistical methods were used in the course of research. The scientific novelty of the study aims at identifying the economic principles of the strategic management of construction companies, determining the relationship between internal and external factors, evaluating the advantage of the advanced management methods, and assessing the role of the state in the management of construction companies. Conclusion. The main role of internal and external factors in the development of construction companies is to protect them from the monopolistic sources of threats and increase their competitiveness in both domestic and global markets. The internal and external factors in the management of construction companies are mutually interconnected. The major factors contributing to the development of these relations depend on the use of information technology, innovation, and the economic policy pursued by the state.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship Between Corporate Entrepreneurship and Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction Mediating Role

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Iman Abdel Hamid Hasanin
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The study aims to identify the nature of the relationship between the dimensions of corporate entrepreneurship and loyalty of customers. It intends to do that through the mediating role of customer satisfaction, by identifying the extent to which these dimensions apply according to the study the study, as well as the knowledge of the relationship quality. In order to meet the objectives of the study, a regular sample of 384 individuals was selected. These individuals were clients of the selected commercial banks, selected by customers who frequented the banks within a specified period of time. The study also found that there was a statistically significant correlation between corporate entrepreneurship and customer loyalty, which means that the greater the application of corporate entrepreneurship, the higher the effect of internal and external factors. The study suggests a set of recommendations to encourage banks in the study to apply CE to enhance customer loyalty.

scholarly journals Centro de intervención en apoyo a alumnos de carreras de ingeniería

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Reynaldo ALANÍS ◽  
Daniel E. URUETA ◽  
José A. ALANÍS ◽  
Suzuki BRITO
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Academic Development ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Workflow Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Support Students ◽  
Supporting Teachers

The objectives of this work are to present a workflow model; three tests and two questionnaires for diagnosis; statistical methodologies for the analysis of the data obtained, as well as the preliminary results of the model and the questionnaires. The methodology consists of the coordination between teachers in the role of tutor and the application to students under their responsibility to subsequently perform a statistical analysis of the data and based on this, develop an intervention work plan at the individual and collective level. The fundamental contribution of this work is to objectively seek to support students in their academic development. Among the responsibilities and activities that a teacher has in universities is to be a tutor of a group of the academic program to which he belongs. Students under responsibility have a series of situations that influence or assume that they influence their academic performance. One as a tutor can ask if the learning units of the subjects, they take support this performance, if there are internal and external factors, as well as risk situations that affect it. This work is aimed at supporting teachers in their tutoring activity and in the transverse subjects of the academic program, as well as students.

scholarly journals The Role of the Key Images in the Creation and Enhancement of the Pragmatic Potential of the Text

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2 (12)) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Mariana Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The present paper argues that the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the text pragmatics can be enhanced at the expense of stylistic devices. Particularly, the case of simile is considered with a view to exposing the pragmatic potential of the key images embedded therein. In line with our research goals, with the account of internal and external factors underlying the choice and application of language units, the pragmatic and pragmastylistic potential of the chosen units in the creation and enhancement of text pragmatics is revealed.

scholarly journals Peran Detasemen Gegana Satuan Brimob Polda Sumatera Utara Dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Terorisme

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Ghofur Hidayat ◽  
Triono Eddy ◽  
Alpi Sahari
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Bomb Disposal

The eradication of criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia is very intensively carried out due to the threat of terror, causing many casualties and public unrest at the strata of society. Therefore the government issued various regulations to overcome the criminal acts of terrorism. The eradication of the crime of terrorism certainly requires facilities and infrastructure, one of which is the bomb disposal unit. A detachment of the Gegana Brimob Bomb disposal unit is tasked with defusing bombs which are usually used by terrorists in carrying out their actions. This paper aims to analyze or examine the role of the North Sumatra Regional Police Mobile Brigade Detachment in the handling of terrorism crimes and the obstacles experienced by the North Sumatra Police Mobile Brigade Detachment in dealing with terrorism crime. The results of this study indicate that the role of the Police Mobile Brigade Corps Gegagana is carried out by bomb disposal which is carried out through the stages of preparation, implementation, and consolidation. The barriers experienced by the North Sumatra Regional Police Mobile Brigade Detachment Unit consisted of several internal and external factors.

scholarly journals A Proposed Framework of Corporate Entrepreneurship in Government-linked Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Harry Entebang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The growth of public enterprises or government-linked companies (GLCs) has been phenomenal over the years. However, the performance of GLCs remains a major concern. On the other hand, past studies have postulated that there is a strong relationship between corporate entrepreneurship (CE), entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance. Despite this, viewing GLCs’ performance in the context of CE or EO has received minimal attention among strategic management and entrepreneurship scholars. This paper highlights and discusses the performance of GLCs within the context of CE. Given the role of EO as a direct predictor while proposing CE internal and external factors as moderators of the EO-CE performance relationship in GLCs, a proposed framework of CE within the context of GLCs in Malaysia is proposed.

A survey of life-long reading habits among UiTM undergraduates

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Kum Yoke Soo ◽  
Evelyn Sharmannie ◽  
Ahmad Azman
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
English Language ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
Reading Culture ◽  
Internal And External Factors

This study intents to look at the English Language reading habits of Universiti Technologi MARA Johor undergraduates for the purpose of finding out the reading culture among the undergraduates and the strategies to enhance life-long reading habits. It will thus look at the internal and external factors such as self-motivation, availability of reading materials, role of peers, role of motivators (i.e. family, teachers, government, media) and competition from modern devices (i.e. computer, video games, television etc) that challenges the acquisition of life-long reading habits.

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