New sources of resistance to hazardous organisms in pea in the eastern forest steppe of Ukraine

2014 ◽  
Vol 0 (105) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Т. В. Сокол
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance

scholarly journals Characteristics of the gene pool of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for resistance to loose smut in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-558
Author(s):  
E. A. Orlova ◽  
N. P. Baechtold
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The West ◽  
Wide Range

Among the many diseases of spring wheat caused by pathogenic fungi, loose smut Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Jens. remains to be a dangerous disease with a wide range of distribution. In fields where there is no control over the emergence and spread of the disease, the yield reduction can be up to 10 %, and in the case of highly susceptible varieties, up to 40–50 %. Taking into account the increasing cost of seed protectants and their environmental damage, the cultivation of varieties resistant to loose smut is still the most affordable way to protect plants, reducing the pesticide load on agrocenoses. The crucial point in breeding for resistance is the use of resistant varieties as parental forms. The aim of our research was to isolate samples of spring wheat that are immune to loose smut against the background of artificial infection of plants with a population specific to the West Siberian region. The article presents the results of long-lasting studies of 350 genotypes of spring wheat of different ecological and geographical origin for resistance to disease. Physiological specialization of races was carried out on the basis of a differentiating set consisting of six varieties of soft wheat and three varieties of durum spring wheat. The obtained results in combination with literature data reveal changes in the racial composition of the pathogen population over the past 30–35 years. Varieties of foreign and domestic selection resistant to the West Siberian population of loose smut have been identified. Based on the analysis of pedigree samples, highly and practically resistant to loose smut, we concluded that in breeding for immunity to U. tritici, the same sources of resistance genes are most often used. Among the gene pool of spring wheat of foreign selection, the largest number of genotypes resistant to loose smut is assigned to the countries of the North American geographical zone (USA, Canada, Mexico). These are largely samples containing Ut1 genes, genes from spring wheat ‘Thatcher’ and its sister line ‘DC II-21-44’. Resistance genes in Russian wheat varieties can be traced from cultivars Beloturka, Poltavka, Selivanovsky Hare (using Saratovskaya 29 and its derivatives), and genes from wheatgrass lines AGIS 1 and Grecum 114.

scholarly journals Resistance of spring wheat cultivars to pathogens of leaf diseases and root rot in the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
G. Lisova ◽  
O. Afanasieva ◽  
L. Kucherova
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The Right

Goal. Determine the degree of resistance of spring wheat cultivars to pathogens and root rot in the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine and identify promising sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory — selection of infection material with different levels of virulence, development of infection material of leaf rust and septoria of wheat; field — creation of artificial infection and provocative backgrounds of pathogens and assessment of resistance of the collection of cultivars to this phytopathogens; analytical in mathematical — analysis of the obtained data, calculation of the intensity of disease development. Results. In 2017—2019, 30 cultivars of spring wheat from the collections of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine were provided by the Ustimovskaya Plant Research Station of the Institute of Plant Growing. V.Ya. Yuriev NAAS was evaluated for resistance to the main leaf pathogens: powdery mildew Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal, brown rust Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. et Desm. (syn. Puccinia triticina), leaf septoria Zymoseptoria tritici Rob. et Desm., pyrenophora Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler and root rot. The collection included cultivars of Ukrainian, Russian, Kazakh and Kyrgyz breeding. Assessment of resistance to powdery mildew, pyrenophora and root rot was performed on a natural infectious background, and the pathogens of septoria and leaf rust on the created artificial complex infectious background during the period of maximum disease development. Cultivars were characterized by their degree of stability using a 9 — point immunological scale. According to the research results, the degree of resistance of varieties of Ukrainian and foreign breeding to pathogens of leaf diseases and root rot was established. Among the studied spring wheat collection, a number of cultivars were identified that showed resistance both to individual pathogens and to a group of diseases in the Right-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine: to powdery mildew — 4, brown rust — 20, septoria — 8, pyrenophorosis — 8, roots — 7. The group resistance was characterized by 13 spring wheat cultivars. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are cultivars of Oksamit Mironovsky (UKR) and Lebedushka (RUS) with resistance to the group of pathogens of powdery mildew, leaf rust and pyrenophorosis, characteristic of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine. Other spring wheat cultivars that have high resistance to both individual pathogens and their groups are recommended to be involved in the breeding process to create new promising spring wheat cultivars with high resistance rates.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ITMI LINES OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT FOR RESISTANCE TO STINKING SMUT

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
А.А. Zueva ◽  
◽  
А. I. Menibaev ◽  
S. N. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Middle Volga

The aim of the study is to search for new sources of resistance to stinking smut among the ITMI population lines. The article presents analysis of data on the study of reaction of spring soft wheat, which is resistant to stinking smut, to the introduction of pathogen. The experimental part of the work was carried out in 2016-2018 on an infectious background of a phyto-stage in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region (Samara ARI-branch of SamRC RAS, Bezenchuk country). 77 lines of ITMI mapping population were used as objects, as well as a population of Tilletia caries pathogen collected from zoned and susceptible varieties. In the experiment, healthy seeds (control) and seeds infected with pathogen were sown. For inoculation of wheat seeds with this pathogen, the A. I. Borggardt-Anpilogov method was used. Cleaning was carried out manually, by cutting plants from the plot in the phase of full ripeness. Accounting for damage to samples of stinking smut was carried out in the phase of milk-wax stage of the grain, carefully viewing and counting all the spikes on the plot. A five-grade scale created by V. I. Krivchenko was used for classing the samples resistance to stinking smut. Weather conditions in the years of research were different, but developed mainly favorable for creating an infectious background, as well as for the growth of spring wheat plants. 4 lines had immunity (ITMI-40, 75, 90, 91). Practical stability was observed on 5 lines (damage from 4.3 to 10.0%). 8 lines were poorly susceptible (the maximum lesion was 21.0%). With an average susceptibility, 21 lines were isolated, the remaining lines were mostly affected by more than 50%. Selected samples can serve as a valuable source material for use in immunological breeding programs.

Evaluation of CIMMYT’s Triticum aestivum L. accessions from the 4th WWSRRN for resistance to powdery mildew in the north-eastern forest steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
O.M. Osmachko ◽  
V.A. Vlasenko ◽  
O.M. Bakumenko ◽  
Ye. Tao ◽  
T.V. Oshomok
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Late Group

Aim. To determine immunological characteristics of CIMMYT’s accessions from the 4th WWSRRN for resistance to powdery mildew in the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine and to select resources of resistance of the train of interest. Results and Discussion. Thirty five CIMMYT’s accessions from the 4th WWSRRN were taken as the test material. Resistance of wheat plants to powdery mildew was assessed on natural infectious background using varieties - infection accumulators (Keprok, Agassis) in compliance with conventional. To determine the yield capacity of the varieties, we analyzed the plant morphology in harvested sheaves. We measured the plant height and 1000-seed weight. The data were statistically processed. We found that the variability of resistance to powdery mildew in the 4th WWSRRN accessions significantly depended on the genotype – 44 %. In a three-year study, we discovered that the highest resistance was intrinsic to the middle-late group (7.3 points), and the lowest one – to the mid-ripening group (6.3 points), though these accessions had the highest adaptability because the variability was 0.8 points. We compared accessions belonging to various ripeness groups. The middle-late group contained the highest percentage of highly resistant genotypes – 83 %. The test accessions were compared with check variety Podolianka for resistance to powdery mildew. Thirteen accessions significantly exceeding the check variety were identified. We distinguished accession Fiorina with high resistance (8.1 points) to the pathogen. Having examined the averages for the 4 ripeness groups, we can state that the highest yields were produced by accessions from the mid-early and mid-ripening groups - 588 g/m2. Therefore, these groups of varieties have the best adaptability. Conclusions. The comprehensive study of the CIMMYT’s accessions from the 4th WWSRRN on natural infectious background using varieties - infection accumulators allowed us to single out accessions with high resistance to the powdery mildew pathogen and other economically valuable characteristics: Cv. Rodina/AE. Speltoides (10 KR), Vorona / HD2402 // Steklovidnaya 24, ETA / K-62905=ESTER, Cv. Rodina / Aе. Speltoides (10 KR). They can be recommended as sources of resistance to the pathogen, high adaptability and performance for programmes developing new breeding material of winter wheat.

scholarly journals Source material in selection of spring durum wheat for conditions of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
V. S. Yusov ◽  
M. N. Kir’yakova ◽  
M. G. Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
High Productivity

The genetic diversity of the world gene pool of collecting samples from the Federal Research Centre of All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR) was studied in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. N.I. Vavilov (VIR) by economically valuable traits and grain quality. The study was conducted in four stages as the gene pool became available: 2000-2003, 2007-2008, 2009-2012, 2019-2020. A total of 186 samples were studied. The following varieties recommended by the State Commission of the Russian Federation were used as standards: Altai Niva, Omskaya Amber, Zhemchuzhina Sibiri. Sowing was carried out on May 1516 by fallow in the specialised crop rotation of the durum wheat breeding laboratory of the Omsk Research Center. The material received in the first year was studied in plots with an area of 0.25 m2, and in subsequent years 3 m2. Agroclimatic conditions varied from favourable to contrasting temperature and water regimes. In studies of durum wheat samples from the VIR collection of different origins, sources were identified according to their economic value. Of the diversity, only a small part (10%) is of breeding interest and can be used in hybridisation. The sources of high productivity may be the samples k-59881, k-59888, k-60388, k-60364, k-60366, k-60413, k-61303, k-62657, k-62658, k-63126, k-63160, k-64353, k-64355, k-6386, k-64953, k-61619, k-63821, Sladunitsa, k-66887, k-66886, k-66293, k-66294, k-66519, k-66675, k-64488. In terms of grain quality the following crops stood out: k-59881, k-59889, k-60388, k-60364, k-61117, k-61650, k-62657, k-64353, k-64354, k-64355, k-6386, k-17985, k-63821, Sladunitsa, Iride, k-60410. As sources of resistance to stem rust, we offer k-6386, k-6662, k-46983, k-60410, Iride, k-65353, k-65733, k-65734. According to the complex of traits (high productivity, grain quality and resistance to diseases) are of breeding value samples k-59881 (Russia), k-6386 (Georgia), k-65734 (Syria), Sladunitsa (Ukraine) and Iride (Italy).

scholarly journals Peculiarities of resistance of carriers translocation 1AL/1RS to leaf rust of wheat in conditions of Forest-steppe zone of Right-bank of Ukraine

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
G. M. Lisova ◽  
T. O. Sobko
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Resistance Of Varieties

Aim. To define the features of resistance at the cultivars-carriers of a translocation 1AL/1RS in conditions of Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine to a local population of wheat leaf rust. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative, analytical. Results. A diversity in exhibiting of resistance at carriers of the wheat-rye translocation 1AL/1RS to the effects of a local population of leaf rust pathogen of wheat in the conditions of Right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine is established. Varieties Nekota, Century, Monolog, Smuglyanka, Spasivka are donors of stable resistance. Variety Knyaginya Olga – a source of stable moderate resistance. Varieties Amigo, Colombia and Slavna can be a sources of changeable resistance with noncritical (tolerant) defeat plants at epiphytotic years. Conclusions. The expression of genes of 1AL/1RS translocation depends on the level of infection load. When epiphytotics it fully does not provide the resistance of some varieties. The presence of the background translocation 1AL/1RS of other effective resistant genes increases the resistance of varieties and can provide high resistance and even immunity in the years of epiphytoties. It is necessary to consider such features at attraction of varieties in the breeding process, aimed on resistance to local population of leaf rust. Keywords: wheat-rye translocation, sources of resistance, wheat, leaf rust.

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

Ukrainian Chernozem Fertility Reproduction under Soil Conservation Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Yu. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Biological Potential

In Ukraine 57.5 % of agricultural land is subjected to erosion with 10–24 million tons of humus, 0.3–0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 million tons of phosphorus and 6–12 million tons of potassium lost annually. Degradation processes are also common on chernozems, which cover about 60 % of the Ukrainian territory. The aim of the research is to defi ne the most eff ective soil conservation practices and legislative decisions aimed to conservation/recovering the Ukrainian chernozem fertility. The experimental data of the agrochemical certifi cation of Ukrainian lands, data from scientifi c papers, stock and instructional materials as well as our own fi eld and laboratory studies were used. It has been established that the long-term use of deep subsurface tillage on typical chernozem increases, compared with plowing, the content of 10–0.25 mm of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates, the bulk density, soil water storages, water infi ltration rates, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, pHH2O, CaCO3 stocks, the contents of humic and fulvic acids, molecular weights of humic acids – by 5.5 and 3.06 %; 0.05 g/cm3; 25.5 mm; 22.6 mm/h; 0.1 and 3 mg/100 g of soil; 0.03 pHH2O; 18 t/ha, 0.02 and 0.04 %, 91195 kDa, respectively. Fertilizers may contribute to the crop yields increase from by 60% in the Polissya, by 40 % – in the Forest Steppe, by 15 % – in the Wet Steppe, by 10 % – in the Dry Steppe and by 40 % – in the Irrigated Steppe areas. In soil-conservation rotations, the crop placement and alternation are advisable to combine with strips or hills sowing, taking into account the local relief features; soil alkalinization, applying anti-erosion structures. Ukrainian agriculture will receive additional 10–12 million tons of forage units or 20–22 % from all fodder in a fi eld agriculture under increasing 8–10 % of arable lands for intercrops. It is advisable to mulch the eroded chernozems of Ukraine depending on their texture composition: 1.3 t/ha of mulch for sandy and loamy soils, 1.9 t/ha – for sandy and 1.1 t/ha – for loamy soils. The implementation of soil conservation agriculture can minimize some soil degradation processes and improve eff ective soil properties required to realize the biological potential of cultivated plants. Key words: chernozem, degradation, fertility, soil conservation technologies, agriculture policy.

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