scholarly journals Characteristics of the Incidence and Prevalence of Chronic Cystitis Among the Male Population in Ukraine

Health of Man ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Natalia Saidakova ◽  
Viktor Stus ◽  
Natalia Havva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Chronic Cystitis ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

The work is devoted to the dynamics of morbidity and prevalence of chronic cystitis among the male population of Ukraine for 10 years (2008–2017). The primary documents were the reported forms of official statistics. The special feature of the study was a comparative analysis of two periods of five-years. The approach was justified by the possibility to trace the nature and intensity of changes, and was also of interest in terms of known territorial changes in the country. It was found that among the total number of registered as well as first-time patients with chronic cystitis in Ukraine, a quarter of them were men. Over the years there has been a decrease in the number of cases. At the same time its rate among the latter is lower than among those registered, which is more pronounced in the last five years. This finding may suggest that the situation is likely to change in the near future towards an increase in the number of cases among men. The first three places in the number of men with chronic cystitis are occupied by the Southeastern, Western, Southern regions. The incidence and prevalence rates (per 100,000) among men are half as high as the corresponding rates among the adult population as a whole. The values of the latter have been decreasing over the years, while the incidence rate increased between 2013 and 2017. Each region has its own peculiarities, which are manifested both by the levels of width in the regions which make up their structure and by the nature of their dynamics. The first identified men with CC usually accounted for one quarter of the total number of cases. Each region is distinguished by the number of first-time offenders. The situation in Ukraine is defined by the Southeastern, Southern regions and Kiev, where the rates are higher than the Ukrainian average and aer increasing.

scholarly journals Epidemiological features of chronic cystitis in the capital megapolis

Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.O. Saidakova ◽  
V.P. Stus ◽  
O.V. Shulyak ◽  
N.V. Havva ◽  
L.M. Startseva
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Chronic Cystitis ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
The City

The paper presents the results of the analysis for 2008–2017 of the prevalence and incidence of chronic cystitis in the adult population of Kiev based on the data of state, sectoral statistical reports (F.F. No. 12, 20). Two five-year periods are highlighted, the justification for which was the well-known territorial changes in the country; the corresponding indicators served as a comparison, which made it possible to identify the features of the dynamics of the studied processes. As a result of 10 years of observation, it was revealed that for the city of Kiev, which ranks second in the structure of the prevalence and incidence of chronic cystitis in Ukraine, a decrease in the number of registered patients (by 7.3%) with a simultaneous increase in newly diagnosed patients (by 15.6%; by 25.6% of men and 13.2% of women), in contrast to their overall growth in the country as a whole (by 0.4% and 2.8%, respectively). Prevalence rates (per 100 thousand) after an increase in the first five years are replaced by a decrease in the next period (621.2 to 687.9 versus 627.8 to 533.4). Among women, they were 3.5-4.8 times large; in 2017 – 862.8 versus 176.6 among men. The peculiarity of the incidence was manifested by its increase among women and men in 2013–2017 against the background of a decrease in the previous years; in 2017, the indicators per 100 thousand reached 88.5; among women – 127.2, men – 41.5. The observed situation of an increase in the incidence of chronic cystitis among the adult population of the capital with a simultaneous decrease in the prevalence allows us to evaluate it as a result of the provided adequate specialized care and, at the same time, indicates the need to study the causes, negative factors, as the basis for the improvement and implementation of disease prevention.

scholarly journals Occurrence of fatal infective endocarditis: a population-based study in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Ahtela ◽  
Jarmo Oksi ◽  
Jussi Sipilä ◽  
Päivi Rautava ◽  
Ville Kytö
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Background Population ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
Underlying Cause Of Death ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious mainly bacterial infection associated with high mortality. Epidemiology of fatal IE is however largely unknown. We studied occurrence and trends of fatal IE in a population-based setting. Methods All adults (≥18 years of age) who deceased due to IE in Finland during 2004–2016 were studied. Data was collected from the nationwide, obligatory Cause of Death Registry. Background population consisted of 28,657,870 person-years and 651,556 deaths. Results Infective endocarditis contributed to death in 754 cases and was the underlying cause of death in 352 cases. The standardized incidence rate of deaths associated with IE was 1.42 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–1.52) per 100,000 person-years. Incidence rate increased progressively with aging from 50 years of age. Men had a two-fold risk of acquiring fatal infective endocarditis compared to women (risk ratio (RR) 1.95; 95% CI: 1.71–2.22; P < 0.0001). On average, IE contributed to 1.16 (95% CI: 1.08–1.24) out of 1000 deaths in general adult population. The proportionate amount of deaths with IE was highest in population aged < 40 years followed by gradual decrease with aging. Incidence rate and proportion of deaths caused by IE remained stable during the study period. Conclusions Our study describes for the first time the population-based epidemiology of fatal IE in adults. Men had a two-fold risk of acquiring fatal IE compared to women. Although occurrence of fatal IE increased with aging, the proportion of deaths to which IE contributed was highest in young adult population.

Dwindling status of Epimedium Elatum (Morren & Decne) and its geographical distribution in Kashmir Himalaya, India

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Kashmir Himalayas ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Epimedium elatum (Morren & Decne) of family Berberidaceace is a rare perennial medicinal plant, endemic to high altitude forests of Northwestern Himalayas in India. Ethnobotanically, it has been used as an ingredient for treatment of bone-joint disorders, impotence and kidney disorders in Kashmir Himalayas. Phytochemically, it is rich in Epimedin ABC and Icariin; all of these have been demonstrated to possess remarkable biological activities like PDE-5 inhibition (treatment of erectile dysfunction), anticancer, antiosteoporosis antioxidant and antiviral properties. The present investigation reports its traditional usage, comprehensive distribution and conservation status from twenty ecogeographical regions in Kashmir Himalayas, India. The species was reported from Gurez valley for the first time. Numerous threats like excessive grazing, deforestration, habitat fragmentation, tourism encroachment, landslides and excessive exploitation have decreased its natural populations in most of the surveyed habitats. Consequently, its existence may become threatened in near future if timely conservation steps are not taken immediately by concerned stakeholders involved in medicinal plant research. Moreover, use of plant tissue culture techniques is recommended for development of its in vitro propagation protocols. Therefore, introduction of this medicinal plant in botanical gardens, protected sites and development of monitoring programmes are needed for its immediate conservation in Northwestern Himalayas, India.

Organic Reactivity Control by Means of Neighboring Groups and Organometallics. A Personal Account

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Kočovský
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Cyclopropane Ring ◽  
Allylic Substitutions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Cardioactive Drug ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Electrophilic Additions ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

This review summarizes the main topics of our research and covers the period of the last 15 years. The prime interest is focused on various ways of controlling the regio- and stereoselectivity of selected organic reactions, in particular electrophilic additions, cleavage of cyclopropane rings, and allylic substitutions by means of neighboring groups and/or transition and non-transition metals. In the first part, the factors governing the course of electrophilic additions are assessed, culminating in the formulation of selection rules for the reactivity of cyclohexene systems, and in a concise synthesis of the natural cardioactive drug, strophanthidin. These studies also contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of electrophilic additions. The second part describes recent developments in the stereo- and regiocontrolled cleavage of cyclopropane rings by non-transition metals (Tl and Hg), and the reactivity and transmetalation (with Pd) of the primary products. This methodology has resulted in novel routes to unique polycyclic structures, and will have synthetic applications in the near future. Evidence for the stereospecific "corner" cleavage of the cyclopropane ring has been provided for the first time for Tl and later for Hg. The third part deals with transition metal-catalyzed allylic substitution. Evidence for a new "syn" mechanism for the formation of the intermediate (π-allyl)palladium complex has been provided, which runs counter to the generally accepted "anti" mechanism. A novel method for a Pd-catalyzed allylic oxidation has been developed and employed in the synthesis of natural sesquiterpenes. The increasing importance of transition and non-transition metals for synthetic organic chemistry is demonstrated by their unique reactivity in a number of the papers included in this review.

scholarly journals The prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pui-Ying Leong ◽  
Jing-Yang Huang ◽  
Jeng-Yuan Chiou ◽  
Yi-Chiao Bai ◽  
James Cheng-Chung Wei
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Male Population

AbstractTo estimate the prevalence and incidence rate of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Taiwan by using a population-based longitudinal database from 2001 to 2011. We conducted a longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) containing 1,000,000 beneficiaries’ records for calculation of prevalence and incidence rate of SLE from 2001–2011. The overall prevalence of SLE in Taiwan in 2011 is 8.11 per 10,000 people with 14.3 per 10,000 people in female and 1.62 per 10,000 people in male. The overall incidence rate of SLE is 0.74–1 per 10,000 person-years with 1.09–1.76 per 10,000 person-years in female and 0.12–0.25 per 10,000 person-years in male. The highest prevalence rate was observed at 40–49 age group in females. There were no significant differences in the overall prevalence among the urban, suburban and rural area in Taiwan while the relative risk is higher in male population living in rural area (RR 1.36, 95% C.I. 1.03–1.79, p = 0.0303). The highest income group has a lower relative risk for the prevalence of SLE (RR 0.83, 95% C.I. 0.71–0.97, p = 0.0197). The incidence rate of SLE in male in the rural area is also higher than the urban area (RR 2.34, 95% C.I. 1.3–4.22, p = 0.0046). Our study covers the longest period among the nation-wide population studies of SLE in Taiwan. The prevalence was increasing especially in the elderly.

Intuitionistic fuzzy two-factor variance analysis of movie ticket sales

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Velichka Traneva ◽  
Stoyan Tranev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Ticket Sales ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an important method in data analysis, which was developed by Fisher. There are situations when there is impreciseness in data In order to analyze such data, the aim of this paper is to introduce for the first time an intuitionistic fuzzy two-factor ANOVA (2-D IFANOVA) without replication as an extension of the classical ANOVA and the one-way IFANOVA for a case where the data are intuitionistic fuzzy rather than real numbers. The proposed approach employs the apparatus of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and index matrices (IMs). The paper also analyzes a unique set of data on daily ticket sales for a year in a multiplex of Cinema City Bulgaria, part of Cineworld PLC Group, applying the two-factor ANOVA and the proposed 2-D IFANOVA to study the influence of “ season ” and “ ticket price ” factors. A comparative analysis of the results, obtained after the application of ANOVA and 2-D IFANOVA over the real data set, is also presented.

scholarly journals Space weather: the solar perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Temmer
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Space Weather Forecasting ◽  
Stereo Mission ◽  
Interaction Regions ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe Sun, as an active star, is the driver of energetic phenomena that structure interplanetary space and affect planetary atmospheres. The effects of Space Weather on Earth and the solar system is of increasing importance as human spaceflight is preparing for lunar and Mars missions. This review is focusing on the solar perspective of the Space Weather relevant phenomena, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), flares, solar energetic particles (SEPs), and solar wind stream interaction regions (SIR). With the advent of the STEREO mission (launched in 2006), literally, new perspectives were provided that enabled for the first time to study coronal structures and the evolution of activity phenomena in three dimensions. New imaging capabilities, covering the entire Sun-Earth distance range, allowed to seamlessly connect CMEs and their interplanetary counterparts measured in-situ (so called ICMEs). This vastly increased our knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of interplanetary space due to solar activity and fostered the development of Space Weather forecasting models. Moreover, we are facing challenging times gathering new data from two extraordinary missions, NASA’s Parker Solar Probe (launched in 2018) and ESA’s Solar Orbiter (launched in 2020), that will in the near future provide more detailed insight into the solar wind evolution and image CMEs from view points never approached before. The current review builds upon the Living Reviews article by Schwenn from 2006, updating on the Space Weather relevant CME-flare-SEP phenomena from the solar perspective, as observed from multiple viewpoints and their concomitant solar surface signatures.

HIV and AIDS in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Women And Girls

Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV, with an estimated 25.7 million HIV-positive people in Africa by the end of 2018. This figure represents over two-thirds of infected people globally. African women and girls represent a majority of those infected, and Africa is home to three-fourths of all HIV-infected women and girls. Across African countries, there are differences in the sizes and trajectories of HIV epidemics. Southern Africa has the worst epidemic, with the numbers infected still rising in some countries. Prompting a development and governance crisis in many southern African countries, HIV prevalence rates are as high as 20 percent of the adult population in some countries and nearing 50 percent of the adult population in certain communities. East Africa too has been hit hard by HIV, leading to high mortality and morbidity rates in that region as well. In most of West and North Africa, there has been limited spread of HIV, with most countries in these regions having HIV prevalence rates of less than 3 percent. Africa’s encounter with HIV and AIDS began before it was first identified as a medical condition early in the 1980s. However, it was not recognized as an epidemic in most parts of Africa until much later. Framed largely as a public health crisis rather than a developmental one, much of the world’s focus on the AIDS pandemic in Africa has centered on access to treatment, and developing effective prevention strategies that have principally focused on behavior change practices for targeted populations. However, the HIV and AIDS pandemic in Africa did not emerge in a vacuum. It is the consequence of longer historical processes such as massive demographic growth, urbanization, and social change, as well as global inequalities and historical legacies of colonialism and imperialism. In this regard, a historical account of HIV in Africa offers an important corrective to the dominant biomedical response to AIDS in Africa. It is important to take note of longer historical processes that have shaped both the virus and the human response to it.

Political Change in Rhodesia: The South Africa Factor

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Philip E. Chartrand
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Political Change ◽  
The South ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Liberation Movements ◽  
Minority Regime ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

In December 1974, Ian Smith, the leader of the white minority regime in Rhodesia, announced for the first time since declaring his country’s independence from Britain in 1965 that his government was willing to begin direct negotiations with the African liberation movements seeking to achieve majority rule in Rhodesia. The prospect of such talks leading to an end to guerrilla fighting in Rhodesia and a termination of the United Nations authorized sanctions against the illegal Smith regime is dimmed by the fact that the Africans demand African rule for Rhodesia in the near future if not immediately, while Smith and his supporters have refused to consider such a development “in his lifetime.” Still the announcement constituted a step forward which few informed observers would have deemed likely even a few weeks before.

Comparative analysis of the effect of epibrassinolide and 6-benzylaminopurine on the key components of the glutathione complex in the roots of wheat seedling under salinity.

Biomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
D.R. Maslennikova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Comparable Level ◽  
Endogenous Cytokinins ◽  
Main Components ◽  
First Time

The study carried out a comparative analysis of the effect of 24 epibrassinolide (EB) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the growth and state of the main components of the glutathione system in the roots of wheat seedlings under the action of 2% NaCl, which for the first time revealed the ability of these phytohormones to similarly stabilize stress-induced decrease GSH / GSSG ratio, positively regulate the activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. A comparable level of protective effect of BAP and EB on root length was revealed. The data obtained indicate that endogenous cytokinins may play the role of hormonal intermediates in the implementation of the protective.

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