scholarly journals Adolescent Drug Addiction in Ukraine: Social and Psychological Aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Podolian

Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine is a serious problem that requires proper attention and evaluation from modern society. Timely public reaction to this issue determines the methods of its solution and ways to prevent adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine in the future. The objective: of the paper is to identify the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. Materials and methods. The main research method is the method of analysis, which was used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that push young people to use drugs, despite the obvious threat to their health and life. Results. Authors consider issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families where adolescents begin to use drugs. The study covers the types of family relations and the nature of intra-family relations, in which adolescents start using drugs. The main social and psychological factors that push modern young people to take drugs are identified. Conclusions. The urgency of the subject matter is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents and the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
V.M. Podolian ◽  

Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine is a serious problem that requires proper attention and evaluation from modern society. Timely public reaction to this issue determines the methods of its solution and ways to prevent adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine in the future. The urgency of the subject matter is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents and the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools. Prospects for research in this area are determined by the need to identify the main social and psychological aspects that motivate modern Ukrainian adolescents to use drugs. This will allow to redirect the situation and create conditions to prevent a situation in society where drug use by Ukrainian adolescents would be possible. The purpose of the paper is to identify the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. The main research method is the method of analysis, which was used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that push young people to use drugs, despite the obvious threat to their health and life. Authors consider issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families where adolescents begin to use drugs. The study covers the types of family relations and the nature of intrafamily relations, in which adolescents start using drugs. The main social and psychological factors that push modern young people to take drugs are identified. The practical value of the study in this area is to identify and state opportunities to create methods to combat adolescent drug addiction and the complete elimination of the harmful effects of drugs on modern Ukrainian schoolchildren.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
V. M. Podolian ◽  

Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine is a serious problem that requires proper attention and evaluation from modern society. Timely public reaction to this issue determines the methods of its solution and ways to prevent adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine in the future. The urgency of the subject matter is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents and the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools. Prospects for research in this area are determined by the need to identify the main social and psychological aspects that motivate modern Ukrainian adolescents to use drugs. This will allow to redirect the situation and create conditions to prevent a situation in society where drug use by Ukrainian adolescents would be possible. The purpose of the study is to identify the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. Materials and methods. The main research method is the method of analysis, which was used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that push young people to use drugs, despite the obvious threat to their health and life. Authors consider issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families where adolescents begin to use drugs. The study covers the types of family relations and the nature of intra-family relations, in which adolescents start using drugs. Conclusion. The main social and psychological factors that push modern young people to take drugs are identified. In the course of this study, conclusions were drawn about the significant role of existing problems in modern Ukrainian families, where children begin to use drugs early. Preventive conversations in schools, other educational institutions and at home are effective tools in the fight against adolescent drug addiction. Competitions in various sports among teenagers and mass cross-country races also have pronounced influence. The practical value of the study in this area is to identify and state opportunities to create methods to combat adolescent drug addiction and the complete elimination of the harmful effects of drugs on modern Ukrainian schoolchildren


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Tikhonova ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
A. Ernst-Vintila ◽  
I.B. Bovina

The main purpose of the presented article is to reveal the potential of social psychological knowledge for the analysis of radicalisation of young people. In the introduction, the features of socialisation in the modern world are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the role of the Internet in the socialisation of adolescents and young people. It is noted that the dominance of audiovisual information contributes to the reduction of reflexivity and promotes the so-called clip thinking, which has become an integral characteristic of adolescents and young people. It is emphasized that life in the modern society is associated with a number of changes taking place simultaneously at different levels, and uncertainty has become its important feature. Extremism and radicalisation are considered as a reaction to uncertainty, a way to overcome it. The main part of the article is devoted to the analysis of models of radicalization describes in various works. Finally, perspectives of further investigation into the subject are outlined.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Mariusz Gąsiorowski

The aim of this article is to evaluate the current situation as regards the use of dogs for various police duties in Poland based on the results of the research conducted by the author at the Police Academy in Szczytno as part of the research task, financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, entitled “Efficiency of the use of police dogs in the Polish Police”. The author has decided to deal with the subject matter in view of alarming statistics, which show a decrease in the number of police dogs. This fact has led the author to make an assumption formulated as the following research hypothesis: Nowadays, in Poland the use of police dogs in not adequate for the sake of public order and safety. The main research method has been a diagnostic survey using a tool in the form of a questionnaire. The survey has been addressed to a group of 154 dog handlers, most of whom work with a patrol and tracker/sniffer dog from three police garrisons, covering the territory of the following provinces: Kujavia-Pomerania, Podlasie and Lubuskie region. The author believes that the research findings indicate the need for changes in this respect, which should involve implementation of new systemic, organisational and legal solutions.


Author(s):  
Olga Kryuchkova

Введение. Наиболее показательным материалом для изучения того, как носители диалекта осознают свою и чужую речь, каковы особенности их языковой рефлексии, являются метаязыковые высказывания. Исследования этого феномена выявили целый ряд особенностей языкового сознания носителей говоров. Однако до настоящего времени не был предметом рассмотрения динамический аспект языкового сознания носителей диалекта. Цель – выявить типы (степени) метаязыковой рефлексии и определить факторы ее неоднородности в речи диалектоносителей. Материал и методы. Материал анализа – контексты с метаязыковой темой; предмет наблюдений – характер развертывания метаязыковой темы в речи диалектоносителя, его способность к метаязыковой рефлексии; основной метод исследования – вероятностное моделирование объекта. Результаты и обсуждение. Записи диалектной речи представляют разные степени осознания речи диалектоносителями – от почти полной невозможности сосредоточения внимания на слове как таковом, в отвлечении от обозначаемых словом предметов и ситуаций, до активной метаязыковой рефлексии. Внимание диалектоносителей к языку и речи обычно усиливается в тех коммуникативных ситуациях, когда общающиеся принадлежат к разным социальным группам и владеют заметно различающимися языковыми и/или культурными кодами. Есть также и случаи переходные, промежуточные между этими двумя крайними точками шкалы степени осознания речи. Это случаи затрудненного, постепенного перехода от ситуативной рефлексии к собственно языковой, случаи переключения с метаязыковой темы на рассуждение о соответствующей реалии, а также метаязыковая рефлексия, возникающая в ситуациях, нетипичных для носителей литературного языка. Заключение. Характерным для бесписьменной традиционной культуры является слабое осознание речи, тесное слияние слова с жизненными ситуациями. Это определяется общими особенностями сознания носителей традиционной народной культуры – приоритетом обыденного сознания, противопоставленного сознанию рациональному (теоретическому), которое формируется путем специально организованной познавательной деятельности. Усиление метаязыковой рефлексии связано с распространением грамотности среди диалектоносителей. Приобщение к письменной культуре ведет к большему осознанию речи, изменению баланса междуобыденным и рациональным сознанием. Шкала степеней осознания речи – результат и свидетельство изменений, происходящих в диалектной коммуникации. Специфика социокультурных ситуаций в говорах поддерживает и активизирует тенденцию к усилению метаязыковой рефлексии.Introduction. Meta-language narratives are the most indicative material to study how the dialect speakers perceive their own speech and the speech of others, as well as peculiarities of their linguistic reflection. The study of this phenomenon revealed the set of peculiarities of dialect speakers’ language consciousness. But dynamic aspects of dialect speakers’ language consciousness haven’t been examined until present. The purpose of the article is to reveal the types (degrees) of meta-language reflection and to determine the factors of its heterogeneity in the speech of dialect speakers. Material and methods. The material for analysis includes contexts with meta-language topics; the subject of the research is the character of meta-language topic development in the speech of a dialect speaker, as well as his ability for metalanguage reflection; the main research method is probabilistic object modeling. Results and discussion. Records of dialect speech represent different degrees of awareness of dialect speakers of their speech – from almost complete inability to concentrate their attention on a word itself, in distraction from objects and situations denoted by this word, to the active meta-language reflection. The attention of dialect speakers is usually drawn to the language and speech in those communicative situations, when the communicants belong to different social groups and have visibly different language and/or culture codes. But there are also transitional, intermediate degrees of speech awareness. These are the cases of effortful, gradual transition from the situational reflection to the linguistic one, the cases of switching from meta-language topic to the reflection on the corresponding facts or things, as well as the cases of meta-language reflection in situations, untypical for literary language speakers. Conclusion. Unwritten traditional culture is characterized by the weak speech awareness, by the interfusion of the word itself and situations it represents. These features are consequences of such general distinguishing characteristics of traditional folk life culture bearers as the priority of trivial consciousness in contrast with rational (theoretical) consciousness, which is formed by specially organized cognitive activity. The strengthening of meta-language reflection is associated with the growth of literacy among the dialect speakers. Familiarization with written culture leads to greater speech awareness, to shifting the balance between trivial and rational consciousness. The scale of the degrees of speech awareness in dialect speech is the result and the evidence of changes in dialect communication. The specificity of socio-cultural situations in the dialects supports and promotes the tendency to the expansion of meta-language reflection.


Author(s):  
Анна Игоревна Хлопова ◽  
Сергей Николаевич Курилов

Предметом исследования являются выявляемые в ходе лингвистического анализа признаки базовой ценности «свобода» в русской лингвокультуре, а также содержательная динамика базовой ценности. Цель исследования состоит в установлении психологически актуального содержания данной базовой ценности. В качестве основного метода исследования выбран свободный ассоциативный эксперимент, проведенный среди носителей русской лингвокультуры в 2019 г. Научная значимость работы заключается в возможности экспериментального установления содержания базовых ценностей. Полученные результаты показали, реакции, отражающие значимость традиционных компонентов этого понятия, совпадают в лексикографических источниках и по данным свободного ассоциативного эксперимента, что обосновывает устойчивость базовой ценности при всех возможных изменениях ее периферических компонентов. Однако, необходимо зафиксировать начало структурно-содержательных изменений: понятийное ядро ценности «свобода» остается практически неизменным, однако эмоционально-оценочные ассоциаты показывают значительные изменения, что указывает на изменение отношения респондентов к свободе как к ценности. Практическая ценность исследования заключается в возможности применения разработанной методики в практике применения его результатов в вузовском преподавании переводоведения, межкультурной коммуникации, лингвокультурологии и др. The subject of the research is the features of the basic value свобода ”freedom” in the Russian linguoculture which are revealed in the course of linguistic analysis, as well as the content dynamics of the basic value. The purpose of the study is to establish the psychologically relevant content of the basic value”freedom”. The main research method is a free associative experiment conducted among representatives of the Russian linguoculture in 2019. The scientific significance of the work lies in the experimental proof of the change in the rate of the basic values’ dynamics. The results have shown that the reactions reflecting the significance of the traditional components of the concept свобода ”freedom” coincide in the lexicographic sources and according to the data of a free associative experiment. This fact justifies the stability of the basic value with all possible changes in its peripheral components. However, it is necessary to note the beginning of the structurally substantial restructuring, which is expressed in a growing number of negative connotations. Despite the fact that the conceptual core of the value свобода ”freedom” remains practically unchanged, emotionally evaluative associates show a serious change in the connotations of the word. Thus, the attitude of representatives of the Russian linguoculture to freedom as a basic value has changed. The practical value of the study lies in the following: it is possible to apply the developed methodology in translation studies, intercultural communication, cultural linguistics and other linguistic disciplines taught at the universities.


Author(s):  
Aleksei Yur'evich Lysenkov ◽  
Liliya Faatovna Lysenkova

The subject of this research is the graphic heritage of the prominent Venetian master of the XVIII century Giovanni Battista Piranesi. The goal consists in examination of the role of Piranesi’s heritage in history of art and architecture. The author demonstrates the key milestones of his creative path, reveals the fundamental conceptual questions and themes of his graphic compositions. The defining influence of the depicted architectural compositions of Piranesi on the formation of one or another architectural object is viewed on the particular historical examples. The main research method consists in drawing parallels and designation of continuity of architectural ideas between the works of Giovanni Battista Piranesi and such architects successors as Joseph Paxton, Antonio Sant'Elia, Tony Garnier, Pietro di Gottardo Gonzaga, Ivan Leonidov, etc. The scientific novelty and practical importance of the article lies in tracing the trajectory of influence of the ideas, themes and architectural-spatial solutions of the great aquafortist upon his contemporaries and all following generations of architects. Particular historical examples demonstrate the defining influence of the depicted architectural compositions of Piranesi on the formation of one or another architectural object, as well as the emergence of famous conceptual architectural projects (including projects-utopias) in historical retrospective until the present time.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Bogustov

The article analyses the directions of the development of copyright in the projects of the Civil Code of the USSR. The subject of the research is institutions of copyright in the projects of the Civil Code of the USSR of 1939 – 1951. Historical methodology for legal science is the main research method applied in these investigations. The research conducted in the article leads to the following conclusions. Firstly, the projects of the Civil Code of the USSR created the existing tradition of copyright relations at the level of codified acts. Secondly, a significant feature of regulating copyright relations in the projects of the Civil Code of the USSR was the use of predominantly mandatory norms. Thirdly, the main goal of regulating copyright relations in the projects of the Civil Code was to ensure a balance of personal and public interests. Fourthly, an important innovation of the projects of the Civil Code, which remain topical to the present day, was the establishment of a relationship between copyright and personal rights – the right to confidentiality of correspondence and the right to own image.


Adolescent addiction is a serious social problem, considering the significant danger posed by drugs to the health of the younger generation and the social situation at large. Much of the family's lack of attention to the problems of the younger generation has led to the emergence of adolescent drug addiction and the spread of this phenomenon in modern society. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the alarming rate of spread of adolescent drug addiction in society and the decline in the average age of adolescents who have tried drugs for the first time. Purpose: to identify the root causes of adolescent drug addiction in families and to create methods to prevent this phenomenon. Material and methods: The main method of research is the method of analysis, which was used to comprehensively address the issue of adolescent drug addiction in the family, in particular the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. With the help of quantitative-analytical and logical research methods, the factors that motivate young people to use drugs, despite the obvious threat to their health and life, were comprehensively considered and described. Results: Authors identify the main factors that push modern adolescents to start using drugs, the role of the family in such a phenomenon, the types of relations within families where adolescent addiction develops. The types of family relations and the nature of intra-family relations, in which adolescent drug use begins, are revealed. The paper describes the proposed measures to prevent adolescent drug addiction, which should be used to stop the spread of this phenomenon in society. The applied value of this study is to determine the causes of adolescent drug addiction in the family and to develop measures to prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon and its further spread in society. Conclusions: Adolescent drug addiction is a serious social problem, the roots of which should be sought in each particular family where the adolescent who started taking drugs was born and raised. The causes of drug addiction in modern families are due to a significant amount of social and psychological factors. The issue of adolescent drug addiction in the family should be considered comprehensively, with reference to the place and role of the family in society. In addition, the involvement of adolescents in sports displaces drugs and contributes to their complete elimination from life. By identifying the main social and psychological aspects that motivate modern adolescents to use drugs, it is possible to create conditions to prevent a situation in society in which drug use by Ukrainian adolescents, in general, would be possible.


2020 ◽  
pp. 329-341
Author(s):  
Grazia Romanazzi

Freedom, autonomy and responsibility are the ends of every educational process, especially in the modern society: globalized, rapid, in transformation; society in which each one of us is called to make numerous choices. Therefore, it is urgent to educate to choose and educate to the choice, so that young people can emancipate themselves from possible conditionings. To this end, the Montessori method represents a privileged way: child is free to choose his own activity and learns "to do by himself" soon; the teacher prepares the environment and the materials that allow the student to satisfy the educational needs of each period of inner development. Then, Montessori gives importance to adolescence because it is during this period that grows the social man. Consequently, it is important to reform the secondary school in order to acquire the autonomy that each student will apply to the subsequent school grades and to all areas of life


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