scholarly journals Psychologically relevant content of the basic value in the ordinary consciousness of Russians

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Анна Игоревна Хлопова ◽  
Сергей Николаевич Курилов
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ordinary Consciousness ◽  
Conceptual Core ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

Предметом исследования являются выявляемые в ходе лингвистического анализа признаки базовой ценности «свобода» в русской лингвокультуре, а также содержательная динамика базовой ценности. Цель исследования состоит в установлении психологически актуального содержания данной базовой ценности. В качестве основного метода исследования выбран свободный ассоциативный эксперимент, проведенный среди носителей русской лингвокультуры в 2019 г. Научная значимость работы заключается в возможности экспериментального установления содержания базовых ценностей. Полученные результаты показали, реакции, отражающие значимость традиционных компонентов этого понятия, совпадают в лексикографических источниках и по данным свободного ассоциативного эксперимента, что обосновывает устойчивость базовой ценности при всех возможных изменениях ее периферических компонентов. Однако, необходимо зафиксировать начало структурно-содержательных изменений: понятийное ядро ценности «свобода» остается практически неизменным, однако эмоционально-оценочные ассоциаты показывают значительные изменения, что указывает на изменение отношения респондентов к свободе как к ценности. Практическая ценность исследования заключается в возможности применения разработанной методики в практике применения его результатов в вузовском преподавании переводоведения, межкультурной коммуникации, лингвокультурологии и др. The subject of the research is the features of the basic value свобода ”freedom” in the Russian linguoculture which are revealed in the course of linguistic analysis, as well as the content dynamics of the basic value. The purpose of the study is to establish the psychologically relevant content of the basic value”freedom”. The main research method is a free associative experiment conducted among representatives of the Russian linguoculture in 2019. The scientific significance of the work lies in the experimental proof of the change in the rate of the basic values’ dynamics. The results have shown that the reactions reflecting the significance of the traditional components of the concept свобода ”freedom” coincide in the lexicographic sources and according to the data of a free associative experiment. This fact justifies the stability of the basic value with all possible changes in its peripheral components. However, it is necessary to note the beginning of the structurally substantial restructuring, which is expressed in a growing number of negative connotations. Despite the fact that the conceptual core of the value свобода ”freedom” remains practically unchanged, emotionally evaluative associates show a serious change in the connotations of the word. Thus, the attitude of representatives of the Russian linguoculture to freedom as a basic value has changed. The practical value of the study lies in the following: it is possible to apply the developed methodology in translation studies, intercultural communication, cultural linguistics and other linguistic disciplines taught at the universities.

Use of Police Dogs in the Polish Police in the Opinion of Dog Handlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Mariusz Gąsiorowski
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Police Academy ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Task ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Police Dogs

The aim of this article is to evaluate the current situation as regards the use of dogs for various police duties in Poland based on the results of the research conducted by the author at the Police Academy in Szczytno as part of the research task, financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, entitled “Efficiency of the use of police dogs in the Polish Police”. The author has decided to deal with the subject matter in view of alarming statistics, which show a decrease in the number of police dogs. This fact has led the author to make an assumption formulated as the following research hypothesis: Nowadays, in Poland the use of police dogs in not adequate for the sake of public order and safety. The main research method has been a diagnostic survey using a tool in the form of a questionnaire. The survey has been addressed to a group of 154 dog handlers, most of whom work with a patrol and tracker/sniffer dog from three police garrisons, covering the territory of the following provinces: Kujavia-Pomerania, Podlasie and Lubuskie region. The author believes that the research findings indicate the need for changes in this respect, which should involve implementation of new systemic, organisational and legal solutions.

scholarly journals ШКАЛА ОСОЗНАНИЯ РЕЧИ КАК ПОКАЗАТЕЛЬ ДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ДИАЛЕКТНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ И СОЗНАНИИ ДИАЛЕКТОНОСИТЕЛЕЙ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kryuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Object Modeling ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Culture Bearers ◽  
The Subject

Введение. Наиболее показательным материалом для изучения того, как носители диалекта осознают свою и чужую речь, каковы особенности их языковой рефлексии, являются метаязыковые высказывания. Исследования этого феномена выявили целый ряд особенностей языкового сознания носителей говоров. Однако до настоящего времени не был предметом рассмотрения динамический аспект языкового сознания носителей диалекта. Цель – выявить типы (степени) метаязыковой рефлексии и определить факторы ее неоднородности в речи диалектоносителей. Материал и методы. Материал анализа – контексты с метаязыковой темой; предмет наблюдений – характер развертывания метаязыковой темы в речи диалектоносителя, его способность к метаязыковой рефлексии; основной метод исследования – вероятностное моделирование объекта. Результаты и обсуждение. Записи диалектной речи представляют разные степени осознания речи диалектоносителями – от почти полной невозможности сосредоточения внимания на слове как таковом, в отвлечении от обозначаемых словом предметов и ситуаций, до активной метаязыковой рефлексии. Внимание диалектоносителей к языку и речи обычно усиливается в тех коммуникативных ситуациях, когда общающиеся принадлежат к разным социальным группам и владеют заметно различающимися языковыми и/или культурными кодами. Есть также и случаи переходные, промежуточные между этими двумя крайними точками шкалы степени осознания речи. Это случаи затрудненного, постепенного перехода от ситуативной рефлексии к собственно языковой, случаи переключения с метаязыковой темы на рассуждение о соответствующей реалии, а также метаязыковая рефлексия, возникающая в ситуациях, нетипичных для носителей литературного языка. Заключение. Характерным для бесписьменной традиционной культуры является слабое осознание речи, тесное слияние слова с жизненными ситуациями. Это определяется общими особенностями сознания носителей традиционной народной культуры – приоритетом обыденного сознания, противопоставленного сознанию рациональному (теоретическому), которое формируется путем специально организованной познавательной деятельности. Усиление метаязыковой рефлексии связано с распространением грамотности среди диалектоносителей. Приобщение к письменной культуре ведет к большему осознанию речи, изменению баланса междуобыденным и рациональным сознанием. Шкала степеней осознания речи – результат и свидетельство изменений, происходящих в диалектной коммуникации. Специфика социокультурных ситуаций в говорах поддерживает и активизирует тенденцию к усилению метаязыковой рефлексии.Introduction. Meta-language narratives are the most indicative material to study how the dialect speakers perceive their own speech and the speech of others, as well as peculiarities of their linguistic reflection. The study of this phenomenon revealed the set of peculiarities of dialect speakers’ language consciousness. But dynamic aspects of dialect speakers’ language consciousness haven’t been examined until present. The purpose of the article is to reveal the types (degrees) of meta-language reflection and to determine the factors of its heterogeneity in the speech of dialect speakers. Material and methods. The material for analysis includes contexts with meta-language topics; the subject of the research is the character of meta-language topic development in the speech of a dialect speaker, as well as his ability for metalanguage reflection; the main research method is probabilistic object modeling. Results and discussion. Records of dialect speech represent different degrees of awareness of dialect speakers of their speech – from almost complete inability to concentrate their attention on a word itself, in distraction from objects and situations denoted by this word, to the active meta-language reflection. The attention of dialect speakers is usually drawn to the language and speech in those communicative situations, when the communicants belong to different social groups and have visibly different language and/or culture codes. But there are also transitional, intermediate degrees of speech awareness. These are the cases of effortful, gradual transition from the situational reflection to the linguistic one, the cases of switching from meta-language topic to the reflection on the corresponding facts or things, as well as the cases of meta-language reflection in situations, untypical for literary language speakers. Conclusion. Unwritten traditional culture is characterized by the weak speech awareness, by the interfusion of the word itself and situations it represents. These features are consequences of such general distinguishing characteristics of traditional folk life culture bearers as the priority of trivial consciousness in contrast with rational (theoretical) consciousness, which is formed by specially organized cognitive activity. The strengthening of meta-language reflection is associated with the growth of literacy among the dialect speakers. Familiarization with written culture leads to greater speech awareness, to shifting the balance between trivial and rational consciousness. The scale of the degrees of speech awareness in dialect speech is the result and the evidence of changes in dialect communication. The specificity of socio-cultural situations in the dialects supports and promotes the tendency to the expansion of meta-language reflection.

scholarly journals The impact of graphic works of Giovanni Battista Piranesi upon the formation of conceptual architecture and real architectural space

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Aleksei Yur'evich Lysenkov ◽  
Liliya Faatovna Lysenkova
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Art And Architecture

The subject of this research is the graphic heritage of the prominent Venetian master of the XVIII century Giovanni Battista Piranesi. The goal consists in examination of the role of Piranesi’s heritage in history of art and architecture. The author demonstrates the key milestones of his creative path, reveals the fundamental conceptual questions and themes of his graphic compositions. The defining influence of the depicted architectural compositions of Piranesi on the formation of one or another architectural object is viewed on the particular historical examples. The main research method consists in drawing parallels and designation of continuity of architectural ideas between the works of Giovanni Battista Piranesi and such architects successors as Joseph Paxton, Antonio Sant'Elia, Tony Garnier, Pietro di Gottardo Gonzaga, Ivan Leonidov, etc. The scientific novelty and practical importance of the article lies in tracing the trajectory of influence of the ideas, themes and architectural-spatial solutions of the great aquafortist upon his contemporaries and all following generations of architects. Particular historical examples demonstrate the defining influence of the depicted architectural compositions of Piranesi on the formation of one or another architectural object, as well as the emergence of famous conceptual architectural projects (including projects-utopias) in historical retrospective until the present time.

scholarly journals TOPONYMICAL DERIVATIVES AS THE ACTUALIZER OF PRECEDENT SITUATION (THE CASE OF THE SPANISH MASS MEDIA TEXTS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Iu. P. Murzin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
The State ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Action Value ◽  
Cultural Linguistics ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

This work is devoted to the study of one of the means of actualization of the precedent situation in the Spanish language on the materials of journalism. It examines the verbs formed from the names with the productive causative suffix values -izar, and also their derivatives – a gerund, indicating the action, and nouns with the suffix -ción, expressing the action and result of action – value motivational framework.These means are derived from the names of countries and regions, where in certain periods of their history there have occurred certain events, which served as the basis for the emergence of new words denoting phenomena and processes, characteristic not only of these countries, but also in other regions of the world.In contrast to the dictionary definitions of the nuclear meaning of these derivatives, their meaning when used as actualizers of the precedent situation is derived from the background, encyclopedic knowledge of the recipient or explicated in the context.Similar processes taking place in different countries may determine the synonymous nature of the respective derivatives. For example, the verbs panamizar and gibraltarizar bear the differential features of the precedent situation «colonization» in the economic and cultural spheres; derivatives vietnamizar, somalización, balcanizar, libanizar in their key value actualize a situation of «hostilities»; balcanizar and polonizar carry the meaning of «fragmentation of the state» and «termination of the existence of the subject».The results of this study can be used in courses on intercultural communication and cultural linguistics.

scholarly journals On some directions of the development of copyright in the projects of the civil code of the USSR

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Bogustov
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
The Right

The article analyses the directions of the development of copyright in the projects of the Civil Code of the USSR. The subject of the research is institutions of copyright in the projects of the Civil Code of the USSR of 1939 – 1951. Historical methodology for legal science is the main research method applied in these investigations. The research conducted in the article leads to the following conclusions. Firstly, the projects of the Civil Code of the USSR created the existing tradition of copyright relations at the level of codified acts. Secondly, a significant feature of regulating copyright relations in the projects of the Civil Code of the USSR was the use of predominantly mandatory norms. Thirdly, the main goal of regulating copyright relations in the projects of the Civil Code was to ensure a balance of personal and public interests. Fourthly, an important innovation of the projects of the Civil Code, which remain topical to the present day, was the establishment of a relationship between copyright and personal rights – the right to confidentiality of correspondence and the right to own image.

scholarly journals Adolescent Drug Addiction in Ukraine: Social and Psychological Aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Podolian
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Public Reaction

Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine is a serious problem that requires proper attention and evaluation from modern society. Timely public reaction to this issue determines the methods of its solution and ways to prevent adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine in the future. The objective: of the paper is to identify the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. Materials and methods. The main research method is the method of analysis, which was used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that push young people to use drugs, despite the obvious threat to their health and life. Results. Authors consider issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families where adolescents begin to use drugs. The study covers the types of family relations and the nature of intra-family relations, in which adolescents start using drugs. The main social and psychological factors that push modern young people to take drugs are identified. Conclusions. The urgency of the subject matter is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents and the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools.

Overtraining of aerobic physical exercise reduce rats (Rattus norvegicus) memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Made Ridla Parwata
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Male Rat ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Heavy Training

Overtraining syndrome is a decrease in physical capacity, emotions and immunity due to training that is too often without adequate periods of rest. Overtraining is often experienced by athletes who daily undergo heavy training with short break periods. This research aims to look at the effect of overtraining aerobic physical exercise on memory in mice. The research method was experimental in vivo with the subject of adult male rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Winstar strain aged 8-10 weeks, body weight 200-250 gr. Divided into three groups, namely the control group, aerobic group and overtraining group. The results of memory tests with water E Maze showed an increase in the duration of travel time and the number of animal errors made by the overtraining group (p = 0.003). This study concludes that overtraining aerobic physical exercise can reduce memory in rat hippocampus.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN BAGI SISWA KELAS IV DI SDN 187/IV KOTA JAMBI

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Juniar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Report ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Classroom Action Research

This study presents a research report on improving students’ Learning results on IPA through Video. The objective was to find out whether students’ learning result improved when they are taught by using Video. It was conducted using classroom action research method. The subject of the study was the Grade IV students of SDN 187/IV Kota Jambi which is located on Jln. Adi Sucipto RT 05 Kecamatan Jambi Selatan, and the number of the students were 21 persons. The instruments used were test. In analyzing the data, the mean of the students’ score for the on fisrt sycle was 65,4 (42,85%) and the mean on cycle two was 68,5 (37,15%) and the mean of the third cycle was 81,4 (100%). Then it can be concluded that the use of video on learning IPA can improve the students’ learning result. It is suggested that teachers should use video as one of the media to improve students’ learning result on IPA.Keywords : IPA, students’ learning result, video

Pemakaian Pribahasa dan Kata Mutiara dalam Retorika Dakwah Para Da’i di Indonesia : Kajian Stalistika dalam Sastra Arab-Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-345
Author(s):  
Yani'ah Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
West Java ◽  
Linguistic Style ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Collective Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Educational Information

Da’wa that done by Da’i in Indonesia can not be detached from the efectivity of rethorical use. By shape the form of narration, choosing the nuances of the exact word meaning, also choosing the linguistic and interested word, will help da’i to get the interesting programmatic, so that can made and influence audiences to listen. The research method of this writing is descriptive qualitative analyziz. The data that used is a form of rethoric in the programmatic of oral da’wa of all da’i in Jakarta, West Java, and central Java. The research sources are the programmatic of oral da’wa that located in the published book and also recording. The collective data method are; reading, and repeatedly listening into the da’wa subject of da’i. Analyziz data technic are; understanding and interpretation. The result of this research is that in generally, the da’i used the literature linguistic style in delivering the subject of da’wa in shaping the proverb (amsal) and hikmah, whether came from Arabic or Indonesia. The linguistic that used by da’i, came from Al-Qur’an, Al-Hadist, wise word and from qaol Ulama dan Hukama.  The style of rethorical that used by KH.Zaenuddin MZ is to change belief, and in this term the da’i can change the attitude of audience. In a rethorical that used by Aa Gym is to inform, because many educational information that been accepted by aim to explain the things that has not known before. Meanwhile, the rethorical of UJE (Jefry alBukhory) has the unique style from other, because supported by his good voice while chanting the verse of Al-qur’an. Also, the rethorical style that used by Ahmad al Habsyi and Wijayanto that has similarity from the subject point, that used the beautiful style of locution by amtsal and hikmah---Dakwah yang dilakukan oleh para da’i di Indonesia tidak dapat terlepas dari efektifitas pemanfaatan retorika. Dengan menata bentuk-bentuk tuturan, memilih nuansa makna kata yang tepat serta memilih gaya bahasa dan kata mutiara  yang menarik akan lebih sempurna  bagi penutur untuk mendapatkan wacana yang menarik sehingga mampu mempengaruhi pendengar.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif analisis. Data yang digunakan berupa bentuk retorika dalam wacana dakwah lisan para da’i di  DKI, Jawa Barat, dan Jawa tengah. Sumber data penelitian  berupa wacana dakwah lisan yang terdapat dalam buku-buku yang telah diterbitkan dan rekaman. Teknik pengumpulan data, meliputi: membaca dan mendengarkan secara berulang-ulang materi  dakwah para da’i. Teknik analisis data, meliputi: pemahaman,dan  interpretasi. Hasil temuan, bahwa secara umum para dai menggunakan gaya bahasa sastra  dalam menyampaikan materi dakwahnya dalam bentuk peribahasa (amsal) dan kata mutiara (hikmah) baik berasal dari bahasa Arab maupun bahasa Indonesia. Gaya bahasa yang digunakan oleh para dai mayoritas bersumber dari Al Qur’an, Al-Hadist, kata-kata bijak dari qaol Ulama dan Hukama.  Bentuk retorika yang sering digunakan oleh KH. Zaenuddin MZ adalah to change belief, dan dalam hal ini penceramah mampu mengubah sikap.  Sedangkan bentuk retorika yang digunakan oleh Aa Gym adalah to inform (pendidikan) karena banyak informasi pendidikan  yang diterima dengan bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hal- hal yang belum diketahui sebelumnya.  Retorika UJE memiliki gaya khas dari yang lainnya, karena didukung  suaranya yang merdu menjadi pengikat hati ketika melantunkan cinta Allah dan Rasulnya. Demikian juga bentuk retorika yang digunakan oleh Ahmad  al Habsyi dan ustadz Wijayanto ada kesamaan dari sisi materi, yaitu menggunakan style gaya bahasanya yang indah dengan amtsal dan Hikmah

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT IN THE REPORT TEXT THROUGH FILM

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra N.F. Hutahaean And Tjut Ernidawati
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Report Text

This research concerns on improving students’ writing achievement in the report text through film.  The objective was to find out the improvement of students’ writing achievement in writing the report text through film. This research was conducted by using action research method. The subject of the research was XI IPA grade students of SMA SWASWTA JOSUA Medan. The numbers of students were thirty one students. They were taught writing the report text through film. The instruments used were writing report text test, diary notes, interview sheets, questionnaire sheets and observation sheets. In analyzing data, the mean of students’ score for the first competency test was 43.1, for the second competency test was 64.8 and for the third competency test was 76.3 and the total percentage of improvement from the first competency test to the third competency test was 84.1%. The conclusion is that through watching film can improve the students’ writing achievement in the report text. It is suggested that teachers should apply watching film as one of media to improve students’ writing achievement in the report text.

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