scholarly journals Survey of alternative host plants for Kellys citrus thrips (Pezothrips kellyanus) in citrus growing regions

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Froud ◽  
P. Stevens ◽  
D. Steven
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Sampling Occasion ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Definition Of

Kellys citrus thrips (Pezothrips kellyanus) (KCT) has recently been identified as the most serious pest affecting citrus production in New Zealand A literature survey was undertaken to determine previous host records of KCT in New Zealand and Australia An orchard survey to investigate secondary sources or host plants of KCT within lemon orchards and adjacent shelter and roadsides was carried out Potential alternative hosts were sampled in November December and January Flowers from 37 potential host plant species were collected from lemon orchards in Kerikeri and Gisborne and examined for the presence of KCT adults and larvae Banana passionfruit in Kerikeri and catsear in Gisborne were the only plants with KCT adults present on more than one sampling occasion KCT adults were collected from 16 plant species in low numbers but KCT larvae were collected from only two plant species (creeping buttercup and curled dock) The definition of a true host for thrips is discussed

Extended distribution and host plants of Nameriophyes sapidae Xue & Zhang 2008 (Acari: Eriophyidae) in New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2796 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
NICHOLAS A. MARTIN ◽  
ZHI-QIANG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
The North ◽  
A New Species

Nameriophyes sapidae Xue & Zhang (Acari: Eriophyidae) was found on transplanted nikau palms, Rhopalostylis sapida (H. Wendl. & Drude) in Auckland, New Zealand and described as a new species (Xue & Zhang 2008). Although R. sapida is a native plant species, it was not known if this mite species was indigenous or adventive because it was collected only from transplanted palms in unnatural gardens in Auckland. A survey was undertaken of R. sapida and the Kermadec Island palm, Rhopalostylis baueri (Hook. f.) Wendl. & Drude in the northern part of the North Island and Chatham Island.

scholarly journals Update and New Epidemiological Aspects about Grapevine Yellows in Chile

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Quiroga ◽  
Camila Gamboa ◽  
Daniela Soto ◽  
Ana Maria Pino ◽  
Alan Zamorano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Grapevine Yellows ◽  
Rubus Ulmifolius ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Study Management

To date, phytoplasmas belonging to six ribosomal subgroups have been detected to infect grapevines in Chile in 36 percent of the sampled plants. A new survey on the presence of grapevine yellows was carried out from 2016 to 2020, and 330 grapevine plants from the most important wine regions of the country were sampled and analyzed by nested PCR/RFLP analyses. Phytoplasmas enclosed in subgroups 16SrIII-J and 16SrVII-A were identified with infection rates of 17% and 2%, respectively. The vineyards in which the phytoplasma-infected plants were detected were further inspected to identify alternative host plants and insects of potential epidemiological relevance. Five previously unreported plant species resulted positive for 16SrIII-J phytoplasma (Rosa spp., Brassica rapa, Erodium spp., Malva spp. and Rubus ulmifolius) and five insect species were fully or partially identified (Amplicephalus ornatus, A. pallidus, A. curtulus, Bergallia sp., Exitianus obscurinervis) as potential vectors of 16SrIII-J phytoplasmas. The 16SrVII-A phytoplasmas were not detected in non-grape plant species nor in insects. This work establishes updated guidelines for the study, management, and prevention of grapevine yellows in Chile, and in other grapevine growing regions of South America.

scholarly journals Evaluation of host testing by comparing ingestion and settling behaviours

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R.M. Sandanayaka ◽  
N.E.M. Page-Weir
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Epg Technique ◽  
Host Testing

The electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique is being developed for rapid assessment of host range of potential xylem feeding invaders in New Zealand Stylet penetration behaviours of adult spittle bug Carystoterpa fingens were monitored for 12 h on grape lemon apple and kiwifruit plants using EPG A multiplechoice test of all four plant species was conducted concurrently with the EPG tests for comparison In EPG tests the longest probing and ingestion periods were recorded on grape and lemon while the shortest probing and ingestion periods were recorded on apple Results for kiwifruit were intermediate and not significantly different from the other plant types In the multiplechoice tests more insects were found on grape and lemon than on apple and kiwifruit The similar ranking of the host plants in both multiplechoice and EPG tests suggests that EPG is a valid tool for rapidly assessing host feeding acceptance and preference

scholarly journals Insights into Super-host Plant Species of Galling Insects in the Neotropical Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Julio M. Grandez-Rios ◽  
Carlos G. H. Pizango ◽  
Walter S. de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Insect Gall ◽  
Definition Of

Background: The term ‘super host’ plant is often used in the literature surrounding plant-galling interactions, but the different contexts in which the term is used generates doubt and confusion due to the absence of a systematic definition of the term’s meaning. Objective: In this study, we used 60 well-defined plant-galling assemblages to propose a systematic definition of super-host plants at the local and regional level. In addition, we investigated factors that explain the number of galling species per host plant at different geographic scales. Methods: Plant-galling assemblages were compiled from an extensive literature review on insect gall inventories carried out in Brazil. Results: We found 888 host plant species belonging to 94 families and 340 genera hosting 2,376 insect gall morphotypes. At a local scale, 33.2% of host plant species harbored one insect gall morphotype and 12.2% hosted two gall morphotypes, making up 45.4% of the host plant species in each locality. At the regional scale, 51.5% of host plant species harbored one insect gall morphotype, and 17.9% of host plant species hosted two gall morphotypes, corresponding to 69.4% of all host plant species. Based on the average number of galling species per plant species, we classified the plant species into: 1) Host species; 2) Multi-host species and 3) Super-host species. The super-host plant species that showed the greatest richness of gall morphotypes at the local level were Baccharis reticularia and Adenocalymma neoflavidu. Furthermore, we found a positive relationship between plant life-form architectural complexity and the number of galling species at the local level. At the regional scale, we registered five super-host species (Guapira opposita, Protium heptaphyllum, Copaifera langsdorffii, Myrcia splendens, and Byrsonima sericea) which hosted 21 or more insect gall morphotypes. The number of galling species per host plant species at the regional scale was influenced positively by geographic distribution rank and number of biomes in which each species of the plant occurs. Conclusion: The present study stands out as the first of its kind to provide a systematic standardization for the super-host plants and to investigate factors influencing these species.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Flora Adjacent to Wine Grape Vineyards for the Presence of Alternative Host Plants of Grapevine red blotch-associated virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1571-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Bahder ◽  
Frank G. Zalom ◽  
Mysore R. Sudarshana
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Rubus Armeniacus ◽  
Commercial Vineyard ◽  
First Time ◽  
Precise Role

Grapevine red blotch-associated virus (GRBaV) is a recently discovered virus of concern to wine grape production in North America. While the vector of this virus is unknown, other elements of virus epidemiology are essential to develop guidelines for the management of the virus as well as to assist in the search for its vector. The objective of this study was to evaluate vegetation within and surrounding GRBaV-infected vineyards to identify potential virus reservoirs that may serve as sources of inoculum. In this study, 13 plant species were sampled throughout the year and were tested for the presence of GRBaV. Of the 13 species tested, two species, Rubus armeniacus and wild grapes (Vitis californica × V. vinifera), tested positive by quantitative PCR. Of these two species, only wild grapes were determined to be a true host. This study documents the first time GRBaV has been confirmed in an alternative host or in a species outside of a commercial vineyard and suggests that a mechanism exists by which GRBaV moves between plant species that is not human-mediated. The precise role that wild grapes play in the epidemiology of GRBaV remains unknown.

Ability of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to develop on alternative host plant species

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bawin ◽  
David Dujeu ◽  
Lara De Backer ◽  
Frédéric Francis ◽  
François J. Verheggen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Survival Sex ◽  
Solanaceae Species ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

AbstractThe tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a widespread devastating pest reported to develop on economically important solanaceous crops. The characterisation of its host range could help to understand and prevent the dispersion behaviour of the insect in the environment. In this study, the ability of T. absoluta to develop on 12 cultivated or non-cultivated plants including Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae, and Malvaceae species under laboratory conditions was assessed. For each plant species, we monitored the development times of immature stages, survival, sex ratios, and adult fecundity rates. All the six tested non-solanaceous plants, including Chenopodium Linnaeus (Amaranthaceae), Convolvulus Linnaeus (Convolvulaceae), and Malva Linnaeus (Malvaceae) species, were not able to sustain (i.e., allow growth and development) T. absoluta larvae. Solanum Linnaeus (Solanaceae) species were the most suitable host plants for the pest, but others could be opportunistically colonised with fewer incidences. Tuta absoluta appears to be strongly related to solanaceous plants that would predominantly support self-sustaining field populations. Preventing crop infestation by removing potential host plants in the immediate field vicinity and culture rotations with non-solanaceous crops is of primary importance.

Ethnobiological knowledge and socio-biodiversity value among Kutia-Kandha tribe of Odisha, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajan S K
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Medicinal Purpose ◽  
Therapeutic Purpose ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Alternate Source

A study on the socio-biodiversity was conducted in Kotagarh Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS) and nearby areas of Odisha, where the population of Kutia-Kandha tribe is dominant. It was found that, forest has provided tribes with enough materials traditional used for therapeutic purpose. Information from secondary sources by interviews were conducted in eight villages surrounding Kotagarh Wildlife Sanctuary, in which 34 males, 22 females in the age group of 35 -75 and 8 therapeutic practitioners of Kutia-Kandha tribe of Odisha were consulted. The tribes reported 54 different diseases, cured from 52 plant species belonging to 51 genera and 32 families, which are used for ethnomedicinal practices. The Fabaceae found to be the dominant family among plants used for medicinal purpose, whereas for ethnozoological use, a total of 8 mammalian species were used for curing 17 different diseases, most of them are either threatened or endangered species. This paper narrates the enthnobiology and socio-biodiversity aspects of Kutia-Kandha community of Odisha, along with suggestions for alternate source of medicines for the Kutia-Kandha, to reduce dependency on forest produce and reduce hunting of wildlife.

Forstliche Planung und ökologische Stabilität – ein Forschungsprojekt | Forestry planning and ecological stability:a research project

2003 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Sandra Horat
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Forest Development ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Definition Of

Starting with a brief definition of the notion of ecological stability,the article goes on to describe how this issue is taken into account in forest development plans. We show that a surprising number of animal and plant species are affected by the planning. Depending on the ecological situation and the or ganisms under consideration, different stability characteristics are important. As not all ecological situations can reasonably be considered in forest development planning, we give various suggestions for improvement as to how the concept of ecological stability can better be taken into consideration in future regional forestry plans.

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

scholarly journals Assortments of Digestive Enzymes Induced in First Instar Larvae of Busseola fusca Feeding on Different Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331984352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Juma ◽  
Bruno Le Ru ◽  
Paul-André Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Busseola Fusca ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Host Acceptance ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Sub Saharan

The stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize and sorghum in sub-Saharan Africa. This insect has oligophagous feeding habits, feeding mostly on maize and sorghum with a narrow range of wild Poaceous plant species. We hypothesised that first instar B. fusca larvae, the critical stage for successful establishment on a host plant, can establish and then grow on a particular plant as a result of induction of a complement of digestive enzymes that mediates host acceptance at first instars. A fast semi-quantitative analysis of potentially digestive enzymatic activities present in the first larvae previously fed for 4 days on leaves of host and non-host plants was performed using the API-ZYM kit system able to detect a multiplex of enzyme activities. Regardless of the plant species, the larvae exhibited higher activities of the carbohydrate metabolising enzymes than of aminopeptidases and proteases. In addition, highest activities of carbohydrates degrading enzymes were exhibited by larvae that consumed leaves of the most preferred plant species of B. fusca. Conversely, esterases were only detected in neonate larvae that consumed leaves of the less preferred and non-host plants. No alkaline phosphatase and lipase activities were detected. The significance of these results was discussed in terms of food requirements of first instar larvae when settling on a plant.

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