scholarly journals Is glyphosate-resistant ryegrass resistant to paraquat?

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
H. Ghanizadeh ◽  
K.C. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
First Case ◽  
Paraquat Resistance ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Translocation Mechanism

Sequestration of herbicide into vacuoles is considered to be the main mechanism of resistance to both glyphosate and paraquat worldwide. In New Zealand, the first case of glyphosate resistance was found in ryegrass (Lolium) species, and the restricted herbicide translocation was found to be the main mechanism of resistance in the studied populations, presumably through sequestration. Overseas researchers hypothesised that the mechanism responsible for glyphosate resistance could also cause resistance to paraquat. We examined this hypothesis by comparing a known glyphosate-resistant population of perennial ryegrass with a known susceptible population after spraying with different rates (25—800 g ai/ha) of paraquat. The glyphosate-resistant population responded similarly to the susceptible population at the different rates of paraquat application. This result suggests that the restricted glyphosate translocation mechanism does not necessarily lead to paraquat resistance. These results also suggest that paraquat could be useful for controlling ryegrass when glyphosate resistance has evolved and the application of paraquat is permitted.

scholarly journals Strategies to manage the evolution of glyphosate resistance in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Harrington ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
M.D. Parker ◽  
H. Ghanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Sustainable Farming

The first cases of weeds developing resistance to glyphosate within New Zealand have recently been reported and investigated Both perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations have become resistant to glyphosate in several Marlborough vineyards due to many years of weed control using mainly just glyphosate Glyphosate is currently being used in many situations throughout New Zealand that could easily lead to further resistance developing such as in other perennial fruit crops on roadsides railways amenity areas waste areas fence lines and headlands of crops Following wide consultation as part of a Sustainable Farming Fund project strategies for resistance management in three systems (vineyard and orchards amenity and waste areas and crops and pastures) are suggested Adoption of these strategies will allow glyphosate to continue as a useful herbicide in New Zealand

scholarly journals New Case of False-Star-Grass (Chloris distichophylla) Population Evolving Glyphosate Resistance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Vázquez-García ◽  
Sajedeh Golmohammadzadeh ◽  
Candelario Palma-Bautista ◽  
Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado ◽  
José A. Domínguez-Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
First Case

Chloris distichophylla, suspected of glyphosate resistance (GR), was collected from areas of soybean cultivation in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A comparison was made with a susceptible population (GS) to evaluate the resistance level, mechanisms involved, and control alternatives. Glyphosate doses required to reduce the dry weight (GR50) or cause a mortality rate of 50% (LD50) were around 5.1–3 times greater in the GR population than in the GS population. The shikimic acid accumulation was around 6.2-fold greater in GS plants than in GR plants. No metabolized glyphosate was found in either GR or GS plants. Both populations did not differ in the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) basal activity or in vitro inhibition of EPSPS activity by glyphosate (I50). The maximum glyphosate absorption was observed at 96 hours after treatment (HAT), which was twofold higher in the GS plants than in the GR plants. This confirms the first case of glyphosate resistance in C. distichophylla. In addition, at 96 HAT, the GS plants translocated more 14C-glyphosate than the GR ones. The best options for the chemical control of both C. distichophylla populations were clethodim, quizalofop, paraquat, glufosinate, tembotrione, diuron, and atrazine. The first case of glyphosate resistance in C. distichophylla was due to impaired uptake and translocation. Chemical control using multiple herbicides with different modes of action (MOA) could be a tool used for integrated weed management (IWM) programs.

scholarly journals Confirmation of glyphosate resistance in two species of ryegrass from New Zealand vineyards

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ghanizadeh ◽  
K.C. Harrington ◽  
T.K. James ◽  
D.J. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Two Populations

Plants were obtained from two populations of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and three populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) from different vineyards in Marlborough and Nelson that were suspected of being resistant to glyphosate following many consecutive applications of this herbicide over recent years Each population was multiplied by splitting out tillers and this was also done for plants taken from a population of each species from Manawatu pastures where they had not been exposed to glyphosate application A doseresponse experiment showed that four populations taken from the vineyards were about 10 times as resistant to glyphosate as those plants that had not been previously exposed to the herbicide The experiment was repeated and showed one perennial ryegrass population to have a 30fold level of resistance These are the first confirmed cases of glyphosate resistance within New Zealand

Cross-resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase–inhibiting herbicides conferred by a target-site mutation in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) from Argentina

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Yanniccari ◽  
Ramón Gigón
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Resistant Population

AbstractIn Argentina, Lolium spp. occur in 40% of winter cereal crops from the Pampas. Several years ago, cases of glyphosate-resistant perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were detected, and the use of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides to eradicate these plants has been considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of a putative pinoxaden-resistant L. perenne population to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. Around 80% of plants from the putative resistant population survived at a recommended dose of pinoxaden, and they produced viable seeds. The resistance indices (RIs) to pinoxaden were 5.1 and 2.8 for plant survival and seed production, respectively. A single point mutation that conferred a Asp-2078-Gly substitution in ACCase was the source of the resistance. To match the plant control achieved in the susceptible population, the resistant population required 5.4- and 10.4-fold greater doses of clethodim and quizalofop, respectively. RIs for viable seed production when treated with clethodim and quizalofop were 3.3 and 6.6, respectively. The Asp-2078-Gly mutation endowed significant levels of resistance to pinoxaden, clethodim, and quizalofop. For three herbicides, the level of resistance of a pinoxaden-resistant L. perenne population to ACCase inhibitors was evaluated, based on an evaluation of dose response for plant survival and seed production. The RIs were higher for plant survival than for seed production. In Argentina, the selection pressure associated with clethodim and haloxifop preplant application and pinoxaden use on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops, would have favored the propagation of the Asp-2078-Gly mutation with its associated resistance.

Paraquat resistance in a population of Lolium rigidum

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Yu ◽  
Andrew Cairns ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
First Case ◽  
Paraquat Resistance ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Two Populations

The first case of field-evolved paraquat resistance in a population of Lolium rigidum Gaud. (from the Western Cape, South Africa) was confirmed and the mechanism of resistance investigated. The LD50 for the resistant population (R) was 404 g ha–1, some 14 times greater than for the herbicide-susceptible (S) population (30 g ha–1). In addition, the R population was found to be more resistant to paraquat when kept at low temperature (15°C) than when kept at 30°C after paraquat treatment. The R population is normally affected by herbicides with other modes of action. No differences were found in the interaction of paraquat with Photosystem I in thylakoids isolated from the R and the S populations. Constitutive levels of the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) did not differ significantly between the two populations and these enzymes responded similarly to paraquat treatment. When [14C] paraquat was applied as droplets to intact plant leaves, similar leaf uptake of [14C] paraquat occurred in the R and S populations. However, quantification data and phosphor imaging revealed restricted translocation of [14C] paraquat to untreated leaves in the R compared to S population. The results of this study with this resistant L. rigidum population from South Africa resemble those found in R biotypes of Hordeum spp. from Australia. The resistance is suggested to be primarily due to sequestration of paraquat, limiting its translocation within the plants. The exact site and mechanism of paraquat sequestration remains to be determined.

Evolved Resistance to Glyphosate in Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) from the Tropical Ord River Region in Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Gaines ◽  
Andrew Cripps ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
River Region ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Chemical Fallow

The objective of this study was to determine whether a junglerice population from the tropical Ord River region of northwest Australia was glyphosate resistant, and whether alternative herbicides labeled for junglerice control were still effective. Seed samples collected from the field site were initially screened with glyphosate in the glasshouse, and surviving individuals were self-pollinated for subsequent glyphosate dose-response studies. Glyphosate resistance was confirmed, as the suspected resistant population was found to be 8.6-fold more resistant to glyphosate than a susceptible population based on survival (LD50of 3.72 kg ha−1), and 5.6-fold more resistant based on biomass reduction (GR50of 1.16 kg ha−1). The glyphosate-resistant population was susceptible to label-recommended doses of all other herbicides assessed, including three acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) –inhibiting herbicides (fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, and sethoxydim), two acetolactate synthase (ALS) –inhibiting herbicides (imazamox and sulfometuron), paraquat, and glufosinate. Glyphosate resistance has previously evolved in numerous species found in glyphosate-resistant cropping systems, no-till chemical fallow, fence line, and perennial crop situations. Here we report the evolution of glyphosate resistance in a cropping system that included annual tillage. The evolution of glyphosate resistance in junglerice from a tropical cropping system further demonstrates the need for improved glyphosate stewardship practices globally.

Glyphosate Resistance in Tall Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) from Mississippi is due to both Altered Target-Site and Nontarget-Site Mechanisms

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Nandula ◽  
Jeffery D. Ray ◽  
Daniela N. Ribeiro ◽  
Z. Pan ◽  
Krishna N. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Population Sequence

A tall waterhemp population from Missisippi was suspected to be resistant to glyphosate. Glyphosate dose response experiments resulted in GR50(dose required to reduce plant growth by 50%) values of 1.28 and 0.28 kg ae ha−1glyphosate for the glyphosate-resistant (GR) and -susceptible (GS) populations, respectively, indicating a five-fold resistance. The absorption pattern of14C-glyphosate between the GR and GS populations was similar up to 24 h after treatment (HAT). Thereafter, the susceptible population absorbed more glyphosate (55 and 49% of applied) compared to the resistant population (41 and 40% of applied) by 48 and 72 HAT, respectively. Treatment of a single leaf in individual plants with glyphosate at 0.84 kg ha−1, in the form of 10 1-µl droplets, provided greater control (85 vs. 29%) and shoot fresh weight reduction (73 vs. 34% of nontreated control) of the GS plants compared to the GR plants, possibly indicating a reduced movement of glyphosate in the GR plants. The amount of14C-glyphosate that translocated out of the treated leaves of GR plants (20% of absorbed at 24 HAT and 23% of absorbed at 48 HAT) was significantly lower than the GS plants (31% of absorbed at 24 HAT and 32% of absorbed at 48 HAT). A potential difference in shikimate accumulation between GR and GS populations at different concentrations of glyphosate was also studied in vitro. The IC50(glyphosate concentration required to cause shikimate accumulation at 50% of peak levels measured) values for the GR and GS populations were 480 and 140 µM of glyphosate, respectively, resulting in more shikimate accumulation in the GS than the GR population. Sequence analysis of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), the target site of glyphosate, from GR and GS plants identified a consistent single nucleotide polymorphism (T/C, thymine/cytosine) between GR/GS plants, resulting in a proline to serine amino acid substitution at position 106 in the GR population. The GR and GS plants contained equal genomic copy number ofEPSPS, which was positively correlated withEPSPSgene expression. Thus, glyphosate resistance in the tall waterhemp population from Mississippi is due to both altered target site and nontarget site mechanisms. This is the first report of an alteredEPSPS-based resistance in a dicot weed species that has evolved resistance to glyphosate.

scholarly journals First Case of Glyphosate Resistance in Bromus catharticus Vahl.: Examination of Endowing Resistance Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Yanniccari ◽  
José G. Vázquez-García ◽  
María E. Gómez-Lobato ◽  
Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado ◽  
Pedro L. da C. A. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Differential Rate ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Foliar Retention

Bromus catharticus Vahl. has been used as a valuable forage crop, but it has also been noted as a weed of winter crops and an invader in several countries. In Argentina, a putative glyphosate-resistant population of B. catharticus was identified as a consequence of the lack of effective control with glyphosate in the pre-sowing of wheat. Plant survival and shikimate accumulation analysis demonstrated a lower glyphosate-sensitivity of this population in comparison to a susceptible B. catharticus population. The resistant population was 4-fold more resistant to glyphosate than its susceptible counterpart. There was no evidence of target-site mechanisms of glyphosate resistance or an enhanced capacity to metabolize glyphosate in the resistant population. However, the resistant plants showed a lower foliar retention of glyphosate (138.34 μl solution g−1 dry weight vs. 390.79 μl solution g−1 dry weight), a reduced absorption of 14C-glyphosate (54.18 vs. 73.56%) and lower translocation of 14C-glyphosate from the labeled leaf (27.70 vs. 62.36%). As a result, susceptible plants accumulated a 4.1-fold higher concentration of 14C-glyphosate in the roots compared to resistant plants. The current work describes the first worldwide case of glyphosate resistance in B. catharticus. A reduced foliar retention of herbicide, a differential rate of glyphosate entry into leaves and an altered glyphosate translocation pattern would be the most likely mechanisms of glyphosate exclusion.

scholarly journals Environmental cues affecting horseweed (Conyza canadensis) growth type and their sensitivity to glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
John A. Schramski ◽  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
Eric L. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Growth Types ◽  
Winter Annual

Abstract Horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist] is a facultative winter annual weed that can emerge from March to November in Michigan. Fall emerging C. canadensis overwinters as a rosette, while spring emerging C. canadensis skips the rosette stage and immediately grows upright upon emergence. In Michigan, primary emergence recently shifted from fall to spring/summer and therefore from a rosette to an upright growth type. Growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine 1) whether both C. canadensis growth types could originate from a single parent and 2) if common environmental cues can influence growth type. Variations in temperature, photoperiod, competition, shading, and soil moisture only resulted in the rosette growth type in four C. canadensis populations originating from seed collected from a single parent of the upright growth type. However, a vernalization period of four weeks following water imbibition, but prior to germination, resulted in the upright growth type. Dose-response experiments were conducted to determine whether glyphosate sensitivity differed between C. canadensis growth types generated from a single parent of the upright growth type. Upright type C. canadensis from known glyphosate-resistant populations ISB-18 and MSU-18 were four and three-fold less sensitive to glyphosate than their rosette siblings, respectively. Interestingly, differences in glyphosate sensitivity was not observed between growth types from the susceptible population. These results suggest that while C. canadensis populations shift from winter to summer annual lifecycles, concurrent increases in glyphosate resistance could occur.

scholarly journals Glyphosate Resistance in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) is Associated with a Fitness Penalty

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Yanniccari ◽  
Martín Vila-Aiub ◽  
Carolina Istilart ◽  
Horacio Acciaresi ◽  
Ana M. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Weed Species

The net selection effect of herbicides on herbicide-resistance traits in weeds is conditioned by the fitness benefits and costs associated with resistance alleles. Fitness costs play an important evolutionary role preventing the fixation of adaptive alleles and contributing to the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms within populations. Glyphosate is widely used in world agriculture, which has led to the evolution of widespread glyphosate resistance in many weed species. The fitness of glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible perennial ryegrass plants selected from within a single population were studied in two field experiments conducted during 2011 and 2012 under different soil water availability. Glyphosate-resistant plants showed a reduction in height of 12 and 16%, leaf blade area of 16 and 33%, shoot biomass of 45 and 55%, seed number of 33 and 53%, and total seed mass of 16 and 5% compared to glyphosate-susceptible plants in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The reduction in seed number per plant resulted in a 40% fitness cost associated with the glyphosate-resistance trait in perennial ryegrass. Fitness costs of glyphosate-resistant plants were expressed under both conditions of water availability. These results could be useful for designing management strategies and exploiting the reduced glyphosate-resistant perennial ryegrass fitness in the absence of glyphosate selection.

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