STUDY OF A NEW APPLE TREES VARIETIES ON A WEAKLY GROWING STOCK M-9 IN CHECHEN REPUBLIC CONDITIONS

Author(s):  
S. M. Khamurzaev ◽  
I. M. Anasov ◽  
А. А. Madaev

The article provides a comparative analysis of productivity, fruit formation and growth rate of introduced apple varieties trees. The work was carried out on the basis of collection apple plantations of the Chechen Research Institute of Agriculture experimental field. The soil of the experimental site is leached chernozem with underlying gravel, the humus content in the arable layer is 3.9%. The climate is moderate continental. The relief is flat and low. The temperature conditions of the Chechen Republic are very diverse. The average annual air temperature is 10.4 °C, the minimum temperature is – 28 °C, and the maximum is 42 °C. The research objects are ten apple varieties of domestic and foreign selection: Red Chief, Enterprise, Florina, Morden Duft, Jonagold, Pink Lady, Ligol, Rumyanets alpinista, Golden Bee, Renet Simirenko. In experimentation were guided by the program and methodology of collection variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops, as well as the methodology of research in horticulture. The stock M-9, which is widely used in the southern regions of our country, ensures the relative durability of trees and their high productivity. It is also of interest to study the biological fitness of dwarf apple trees on this rootstock and in intensive irrigated orchards. Based on the long-term researches we recommend all of the above varieties for irrigated intensive gardens of the Chechen Republic and regions similar in climate, with the exception of Morden Duft, Jonagold, Ligol. They can be grown, but on a limited scale.

Author(s):  
P. H. Kopytko ◽  
◽  
R. V. Yakovenko

The issue of scientifically sound fertilizer application in fruit plantations, which are long-term and re-grown in one place remains insufficiently studied. To solve this problem is possible only in long-term stationary studies, as the impact of different fertilizer systems on changes in soil properties and tree productivity for a long period of their use. The results of researches of long-term fertilizer influence on the main fertility indices of dark gray podzolic heavy loam soil and productivity of repeatedly grown apple trees of Idared varieties on seed and vegetative (M4) rootstocks and Calville snow on seedling rootstock are considered. During the 85-year period of growing the first and second generation of apple trees in the experimental garden, the organic fertilizer (40 t/ha of cattle manure), mineral fertilizer (N120P120K120) and their combination (20 t/ha of manure + N60P60K60) were applied in the old plantation every two years in autumn in plowing in rows at 18–20 cm, and in the new repetition: manure, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as well, and nitrogen fertilizer in half doses annually in spring for cultivation or disk plowing to a depth of 12–15 cm. As a result of research it was found that organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers provided the formation of soil fertility (humus and mobile compounds and forms of nutrients, soil reaction) and yield capacity of experimental apple trees, which for all years of fruiting exceeded the total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively, by 34.8, 27.7 and 23.4 % compared with the yield of the control non-fertilized areas and 16.0, 15.8 and 13.2 % – on those fertilized with N120Р120К120. Similar parameters of soil fertility indicators are formed by the organo-mineral fertilizer system with systematic long-term application of half the norms of organic and mineral fertilizers of manure 20 t/ha together with N60P60K60. However, the mineral system (N120P120K120) significantly less increases the humus content and content of macronutrients available for plant nutrition and does not enrich the soil with trace elements, acidifies the reaction of the soil environment


2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Papp

During the last three decades, diverse effects of nitrogen application on the performance of apple trees were studied in field and pot experiments at the Experimental Station of University of Horticulture and Food Industry. The basic experiment, using different rates of nitrogen in kg/ha (check, N-50; N-100; N-200; N-400; and N-800), was carried out for a period of 13 years, thus including almost the whole bearing period of Jonathan apple trees on M.9 rootstocks. The need of nitrogen in apple orchards on M.9 rootstock and soils with moderate humus content can be decreased considerably. Nitrogen application significantly increased leaf nitrogen and magnesium, but depressed leaf phosphorus and potassium content. With increasing doses of nitrogen fruit nitrogen content significantly increased and parallelly phosphorus and potassium content decreased. Even the lowest rate of nitrogen application decreased the red colouration of fruits. A direct negative correlation between nitrogen fertilzation and fruit firmness was not proved. No close and significant correlation between fruit quality parameters and the nitrogen content in leaves, sampled at different dates, was revealed.  


Author(s):  
G.A. Kostenko ◽  
P.V. Raevskii

Цель исследований: испытать коммерческие и перспективные гибриды капусты в условиях Горномарийского района Республики Марий Эл и выбрать лучшие из них для выращивания в этой зоне. Гибриды капусты белокочанной Агрохолдинга Поиск проходили испытание на базе КФХ Раевская С.И. в 20182019 годах. В качестве изучаемого материала взяты гибриды среднепозднего срока созревания F1 Универс и F1 Поиск 2018, а также поздние гибриды для хранения F1 Герцогиня и F1 Континент. Почва опытного участка дерново-подзолистая, по механическому составу тяжелосуглинистая, содержание гумуса 1,9, рН 5,1. Погодные условия в годы проведения исследований были не совсем благоприятными для выращивания капусты белокочанной, отмечалась жаркая засушливая погода и недостаток осадков, как при высадке растений, так и в отдельные периоды во время вегетации. Несмотря на это, гибриды имели высокую урожайность, товарность и хорошее качество кочанов. Наибольшей урожайностью из коммерческих гибридов обладал среднепоздний гибрид капусты белокочанной F1 Универс (117,3131,2 т/га), занявший устойчивые позиции на рынке среднепоздней капусты, он успешно конкурирует с лучшими зарубежными аналогами и обеспечивает поступление продукции осенью и в первой половине зимы. Гибрид F1 Герцогиня дал стабильную урожайность кочанов в годы исследований на уровне 108,1108,5 т/га. Гибрид имеет отличную однородность растений, высокую стандартность кочанов с отличной внутренней структурой и предназначен для длительного хранения до 8 месяцев. Новые гибриды F1 Поиск 2018 и F1 Континент показали высокую урожайность на уровне 92,8138 т/га и также рекомендованы для выращивания в Марий Эл, причем F1 Поиск 2018 имеет максимальные показатели урожайности в годы исследования среди изученных гибридов.The purpose of the research is to test commercial and promising cabbage hybrids in the conditions of the Gornomariysky district of the Mari El Republic and select the best ones for growing in this zone. Hybrids of white cabbage of Poisk agricultural Holding were tested on the basis of Raevskaya S.I. farm in 20182019. Hybrids F1 Univers and F1 Poisk 2018, the mid-late maturity and late hybrids for storing F1 Gertsoginya and F1 Continent, were taken as the studied material. The soil of the experimental plot is sod-podzolic, with a heavy loam texture, humus content of 1.9, pH 5.1. Weather conditions during the years of research were not entirely favorable for the cultivation of white cabbage, the weather was hot arid and lack of rainfall, both during planting and in certain periods during the growing season. Despite this, hybrids had high productivity, marketability and good quality of heads of cabbage. The medium-late hybrid of cabbage F1 Univers has the highest yield of commercial hybrids of 117.3131.2 t/ha, holds a stable position in the market of medium-late cabbage, successfully competes with the best foreign counterparts and ensures the receipt of products in the fall and in the first half of winter. Hybrid F1 Gertsoginya gave a stable yield of heads of cabbage during the years of research at the level of 108.1108.5 t/ha. The hybrid has excellent plant uniformity, high standard of heads of cabbage, with an excellent internal structure and is designed for long-term storage of up to 8 months. New hybrids F1 Poisk 2018 and F1 Continent had high yields of 92.8138 t/ha and are also recommended for cultivation in this region, and F1 Poisk 2018 has the highest yields during the years of research among the studied hybrids.


Author(s):  
Weronika Masłowska ◽  
Daniel Liberacki

Abstract Analysis of the yield of selected apple varieties in the first years after the planting the orchard. The aim of the paperwork was to analyze the impact of innovative apple orchard cultivation on the yield of selected apple varietes: Galaval, Buckeye Gala, Golden Reinders, Grani and Fuji. The research ware conducted on orchard located in Gutowo Małe, Września county, in the Wielkopolskie province. The orchard was established in May 2016. The area of orchard is 4.0 ha and there are 7,600 annual and biennial apple seedlings. The analyzed apple varieties are used in foreign orchards. Cutting and forming trees is done in a different way, from the way it was done in traditional orchards. The purpose of this is to achieve better conditions of sunlight, which significantly affect the color of the fruit. Good coloring of fruit is one of the factors determining the profitability of crop. The aim of the study is to assess, the quality and quantity of yield of apple varieties, which have not been grown in Poland yet. The first harvest was recorded in 2017. The early cultivation period was characterized by the lack of irrigation. Atmospheric conditions of the studied area had a significant effect on the yield of apple trees. The considered year 2017 was defined as wet with a precipitation of 659 mm higher by 77 mm than the average over multiannual (2007-2017), while the temperature was higher by 0.4°C than the average over the period from 2007 to 2017. During the growing season, the sum of precipitation was 346 mm and slightly exceeded the long-term average. After the analysis of the harvest, it was found that the Fuji variety yielded best. Despite the dumping of more than half of the fruits from each tree, in order to improve their quality, the average yield was 15.0 t·ha-1, in the first year of yielding.


Author(s):  
R. Yunusov ◽  
◽  
M. Sattorova ◽  

In this article, the productivity of intensive apple varieties was studied, grafting on vegetatively propagated medium-sized stock MM - 106 Golden Delicious and Korey. In a long-term watering experience, it was revealed that in the optimal planting scheme of 6 × 4, the yield of apple fruits increased by 12-15%, the quality of apple fruits improved significantly.


Author(s):  
E. V. Ulyanovskaya ◽  
K. M. Atabiev

The results of a long-term ecological testing of 12 apple varieties of domestic and foreign selection in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania are presented. The biological features of fruiting of representatives of the genus Malus in a southern region of Russia were studied with the purpose of identifying the most valuable varieties in terms of a set of indicators for further breeding and production. According to the conducted long-term observations (2012–2019), the following varieties with compact small-sized crowns (volume of 1.48-2.09 m3) were identified: Zolotaya Korona, Lyubimoe Dutovoj, Sunrise and Red Chiff. Among summer triploid varieties, the variety of Soyuz was selected according to the yield factor (total yield was 159.2 t/ha, which was 56.5 t/ha higher than the control). The varieties of early winter and winter ripening period with a high total (198.3–299.2 t/ha) and average (33.05–49.87 t/ha) yield were determined: Ligol, Zolotaya Korona, Lyubimoe Dutovoj, Alanskoe and Pinova. It was established that the varieties of Alanskoe, Zolotaya Korona, Lyubimoe Dutovoj, Sunrise and Pinova exhibit high productivity indicators, with the specific productivity of the crown volume being 17.00–21.87 kg/m3. It was revealed that the fruits of all studied foreign and domestic apple varieties grown under favourable conditions of the region meet modern requirements in terms of diameter (65–75 + mm) and average weight (200–220 g). Among the most promising varieties for breeding and production were found to be Liberty, Zolotaya Korona and Lyubimoe Dutovoj with large fruit (214.5–237.8 g), as well as Soyuz, Ligol, Alanskoe and Prikubanskoe with very large fruit (289.3–330.2 g). It is concluded that the apple varieties of regional selection (Alanskoe, Zolotaya Korona, Lyubimoe Dutovoj, Soyuz) and foreign selection (Sunrise and Pinova) can be recommended when breeding varieties with the required set of valuable agrobiological propertites, as well as when creating intensive industrial plantings and obtaining high-quality domestic fruit products.


Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
L. М. Eroshenko ◽  
А. N. Eroshenko

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.


Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.


1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-549
Author(s):  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
E. J. Hogue ◽  
P. B. Hoyt

Nine years after liming a sandy loam orchard soil to pH 6.0 with calcium hydroxide or dolomitic lime, pH and extractable Ca and Mg were still higher where limed than where unlimed. However, pH had decreased below 5.0 in the limed and N-fertilized plots. Delicious (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple tree nutrition benefited from the two soil amendments. Leaf Mg was increased by dolomite. Leaf Ca was increased by calcium hydroxide. Leaf Mn, although highest in unlimed soils, increased over time for both limed and unlimed soil. Key words: Apple, lime application, reacidification


1965 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. P. Greenham
Keyword(s):  

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