scholarly journals Effect of Material Composition on Thermal Stability Analysis of Coated and Uncoated FeCrAl CATCO by γ-Al2O3 Ultrasonic-Electroplating Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafit Feriyanto ◽  
◽  
Samir Sani Abdul Malik ◽  
Muhamad Fitri ◽  
Imam Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Coated Sample ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
The Common ◽  
A Current

Catalytic Converter (CATCO) material become an interesting field to investigate due to the common CATCO material being ceramic material that has high brittleness than metallic materials. Therefore, this research investigates the FeCrAl metallic material as CATCO substrate that is coated by γ-Al2O3 as a washcoat, Nickel Oxide (NiO) as a catalyst. The coating analysis was performed by ultrasonic using a frequency of 35 kHz and various ultrasonic times of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 hours and electroplating technique by sulphamate types electrolyte using variation times of 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes, a current density of 8 A/dm2. The result shows that the raw material was consists of Fe, Cr and Al with Fe element was dominated for 74.13wt%. Coated sample by ultrasonic consists of Fe, Cr, Al, O, and C elements due to FeCrAl substrate was deposited by γ-Al2O3 powder and by electroplating technique consists of Fe, Cr, Al, O, C, Ni and Na elements due to NiO deposition as catalyst material. TGA analysis observed that the highest mass change was observed by raw material 23.39 mg and UB+EL 30 min samples for lowest mass change of 2.85 mg with a point of the reaction is 0.07 mg/min may be caused by a protective oxide layer that developed during the coating process. Therefore, the coated metallic CATCO has a promising prospect to replace the ceramic CATCO due to high thermal stability by protecting layer and low mass change.

scholarly journals COATING THICKNESS ANALYSIS OF DEPOSITED FeCrAl SUBSTRATE BY γ-AL2O3 THROUGH NiO-ELECTROPLATING

SINERGI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Hadi Pranoto ◽  
Nurato Nurato ◽  
Dafit Feriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
A Current

Nickel Oxide (NiO) have widely applied in industrial and automotive to forming oxide layer on the substrate due to it have high thermal stability and corrosion resistant. However, NiO was not directly diffused to the substrate via co-precipitation, spray-pyrolysis and sol-gel methods. Therefore, NiO-electroplating was performed in coating FeCrAl substrate by γ-Al2O3 powder. This method was conducted using various time of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 minutes, a current of DC power supply is 1.28A and sulphamate type solution. From the data shows that smallest surface roughness (Ra) of NiO-electroplating (EL) samples located at EL 30 min sample for 0.69 µm. Ra of raw material was lower than coated samples due to it performed by coating activity on the substrate. It supported by coating thickness analysis that treated samples has a higher coating thickness up to 11.3 µm. EDS analysis observed some elements on coated and uncoated samples such as Carbon (C) of 4.62-20.67%, Oxygen (O) of 6.16-19.62%, Nickel (Ni) of 6.76-25.14%, Iron (Fe) of 23.96-48.53%, Sodium (Na) of 2.21-9.95%, Chromium (Cr) of 7.97-15.59% and Aluminum (Al) of 2.17-3.12%. Those elements promote to develop a protective oxide layer on FeCrAl at a high temperature of 1000 0C.

scholarly journals Contribution of Cyanotoxins to the Ecotoxicological Role of Lichens

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Dobri Ivanov ◽  
Galina Yaneva ◽  
Irina Potoroko ◽  
Diana G. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Effective Application ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The fascinating world of lichens draws the attention of the researchers because of the numerous properties of lichens used traditionally and, in modern times, as a raw material for medicines and in the perfumery industry, for food and spices, for fodder, as dyes, and for other various purposes all over the world. However, lichens being widespread symbiotic entities between fungi and photosynthetic partners may acquire toxic features due to either the fungi, algae, or cyano-procaryotes producing toxins. By this way, several common lichens acquire toxic features. In this survey, recent data about the ecology, phytogenetics, and biology of some lichens with respect to the associated toxin-producing cyanoprokaryotes in different habitats around the world are discussed. Special attention is paid to the common toxins, called microcystin and nodularin, produced mainly by the Nostoc species. The effective application of a series of modern research methods to approach the issue of lichen toxicity as contributed by the cyanophotobiont partner is emphasized.

scholarly journals Distribution of twin kHz QPOs in LMXBs

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S290) ◽  
pp. 327-328
Author(s):  
D. H. Wang ◽  
L. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Periodic Oscillation ◽  
Quasi Periodic Oscillation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Orbital Frequency ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
X Ray Binaries ◽  
Z Sources

AbstractWith kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillation (kHz QPO) sources in neutron star low mass X-ray binaries (NS-LMXBs) published up to now, we analyze the centroid frequency (ν) distribution of twin kHz QPOs. We find that Atoll and Z sources show the similar distributions of ν1 and ν2, which indicate that twin kHz QPOs may be the common property of NS-LXMBs and have the similar physical origins. The mean values of ν1 and ν2 in Atoll sources are higher than those in Z sources, and we consider that this may because the QPO signals are sheltered by the thicken accretion disk or corona in Z sources. The maximums of ν2 in both Atoll and Z sources are the same order as the Keplerian orbital frequency of the NS surface, so kHz QPOs could occur near the NS surface.

Dependency in Africa: Stages of African Political Economy

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amechi Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
International System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The West ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Contact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper traces the history of the relationship between Africa and the West since their first contact brought about by the outward thrust of the West, under the impetus of rising capitalism, in search of cheap labour and cheap raw material for its industries and expanding markets for its industrial products, both of which could be better ensured through domination and exploitation. The paper identifies five successive stages that African political economy has passed through under the impact of this relationship, each phase qualitatively different from the other but all having the common characteristic of domination-dependence syndrome, and each phase having been dictated by the dynamics of capitalism in different eras and by the dominant forces in the changing international system. Its finding is that the way to the latest stage, the dependency phase, was paved by the progressive proletarianization of the African peoples and the maintenance of an international peonage system. It ends by indicating the direction in which Africa can make a beginning to break out of dependency and achieve liberation.

Amorphous Polymeric Dithiazine apDTZ Solid Fouling: Critical Review, Analysis and Solution of an Ongoing Challenge in Triazine-Based Hydrogen Sulphide Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame Taylor ◽  
Jonathan Wylde ◽  
Walter Samaniego ◽  
Ken Sorbie
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Operational Problem ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Common ◽  
By Products ◽  
A Current

Abstract Despite attempts to inhibit or avoid the formation of fouling deposits (polymeric amorphous dithiazine or apDTZ for short) from the use of MEA triazine, this remains a major operational problem and limits the use of this most popular and ubiquitous hydrogen sulphide (H2S) scavenger. This paper (a) reviews and summarizes previous work, (b) provides fresh insights into the reaction product and mechanism of formation, (c) proposes an effective method of removal, and (d) proposes some mechanisms of apDTZ digestion. The mechanism of apDTZ formation is discussed and reasoning is provided from a variety of perspectives as to the mechanism of MEA-triazine reaction with H2S. These include basicity and nucleophilic substitution considerations, steric properties and theoretical calculations for electron density. Novel procedures to chemically react with and destroy this solid fouling are presented with an in-depth study and experimental verification of the underlying chemistry of this digestion process. A review of agents to chemically destroy apDTZ is undertaken and a very effective solution has been found in peroxyacetic acid, which is much more powerful and effective than previously suggested peroxides. The structure of amorphous polymeric dithiazine is emphasized and the reason why this fouling cannot be 1,3,5-trithiane is stressed. This work therefore overcomes a current industry misconception by providing insight on two major paradoxes in the reaction pathway; namely i) why the thiadiazine reaction product from tris hydroxyethyl triazine (MEA triazine) is never observed and ii) why does the dithiazine in all cases never progress to the trithiane (3rd sulphur molecule substitution)? The latter issue is probably the biggest misconception in the industry and literature regarding triazine and H2S reactions. Many reasons for this are put forward and the common misconception of "overspent" triazine is refuted. A very effective chemical reaction that results in soluble by-products, counteracting the problems produced by this intractable polymer is found and their composition is proposed and experimentally verified.

scholarly journals Selection of Fish Raw Material Suppliers by Integrating ANP and Topsis Methods in CV. Riki Utama Mandiri

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aula Fajar Iman Sakti ◽  
Wiwik Sulistiyowati
Keyword(s):  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Network Process ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
A Company ◽  
Selection Of

CV. Riki Utama Mandiri is a company in distributing an economic fish frozen product. This company distributed any kind of retail and wholesaler, both domestic and export. They distributing many frozen fish products variant such as Patin Fillet and Shark Fin. The all raw materials of those frozen seafood was obtained by three different suppliers. The common problems found in CV. Riki Utama Mandiri mostly about raw patin fish supplier which often committed delivery delays.  The purpose of this research is to fixing the supply chain management in deciding the more accurate selections of raw materials supplier. To overcome the common problems that happen. Analytical network process (ANP) will simplify the criteria weight values and sub criteria of each supplier. Meanwhile, technique for others reference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is used for giving a rank order of the alternative supplier. This research is expected for being a consideration for the company in obtaining a good and more effective kind of raw supplier. We also expecting the company for tighten supplier selection more effective way so that it can fullfilled the existing standard. Also to overcome the common problems such as delivery delays, competing raw materials with uncertain quality, and difficulty in sort out the raw materials due to size issues.

scholarly journals THERMAL STABILITY OF Pinus oocarpa AND MAIZE COB PARTICLEBOARDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Vanoli Scatolino ◽  
Thiago de Paula Protásio ◽  
Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Pressing Cycle ◽  
Pinus Oocarpa ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Agricultural waste materials are generated in large quantities in Brazil. These can accumulate and cause serious environmental problems. One of the most commonly generated wastes in the brazilian agricultural culture is the maize cob. Being lignocellulosic in nature, the maize cob can find use as the raw material in the production of particleboards mainly concerned with furniture making. Therefore, studies regarding its thermal stability and fire resistance would be interesting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combustibility and thermal stability of the particleboards produced from maize cob and Pinus oocarpa wood. The percentages in which maize cob was associated with Pinus oocarpa were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The panels were produced using 8% urea-formaldehyde and 1% paraffin. The pressing cycle parameters included: temperature 150 °C, pressure of 3.92 MPa during 10 min. The combustibility curve analysis showed that the panels containing 25% content of maize cob had higher resistance to combustion. In general, the thermal stability decreased as the wood substitution by maize cob increased.

Liquid immiscibility and the origin of alkali-poor carbonatites

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (364) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Kjarsgaard ◽  
D. L. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Immiscibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Liquid Fractionation ◽  
Ring Complexes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Melt Cooling ◽  
Carbonate Melt ◽  
Common Sequence

AbstractThe work on liquid immiscibility in carbonate-silicate systems of Freestone and Hamilton (1980) has been extended to include alkali-poor and alkali-free compositions. Immiscibility is shown to occur on the joins albite-calcite and anorthite-calcite at 5 kbar. These results make it possible to interpret ocellar structure between calcite-rich spheroids in lamproite or kimberlite host rock as products of liquid immiscibility. The common sequence of rock types found in carbonatite complexes of melilitite-ijolite-urtite-phonolite is interpreted as being the result of both fractional crystallization and liquid fractionation, the corresponding carbonatite composition changing from nearly pure CaCO3 (±MgCO3) progressively to natrocarbonate. A carbonate melt cooling in isolation will suffer crystal fractionation, the residual liquid producing the rarer ferrocarbonatites, etc., whilst the crystal accumulate of calcite (dolomite) plus other phases such as magnetite, apatite, baryte, pyrochlore, etc., are the raw material for the coarse-grained intrusive carbonatites commonly found in ring complexes.

scholarly journals Horticultural Plant Residues as New Source for Lignocellulose Nanofibers Isolation: Application on the Recycling Paperboard Process

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3275
Author(s):  
Isabel Bascón-Villegas ◽  
Eduardo Espinosa ◽  
Rafael Sánchez ◽  
Quim Tarrés ◽  
Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Carboxyl Content ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Horticultural Plant ◽  
Lignocellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Cellulosic Pulp ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

Horticultural plant residues (tomato, pepper, and eggplant) were identified as new sources for lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNF). Cellulosic pulp was obtained from the different plant residues using an environmentally friendly process, energy-sustainable, simple, and with low-chemical reagent consumption. The chemical composition of the obtained pulps was analyzed in order to study its influence in the nanofibrillation process. Cellulosic fibers were subjected to two different pretreatments, mechanical and TEMPO(2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-piperidin-1-oxyl)-mediated oxidation, followed by high-pressure homogenization to produce different lignocellulose nanofibers. Then, LCNF were deeply characterized in terms of nanofibrillation yield, cationic demand, carboxyl content, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability. The suitability of each raw material to produce lignocellulose nanofibers was analyzed from the point of view of each pretreatment. TEMPO-mediated oxidation was identified as a more effective pretreatment to produce LCNF, however, it produces a decrease in the thermal stability of the LCNF. The different LCNF were added as reinforcing agent on recycled paperboard and compared with the improving produced by the industrial mechanical beating. The analysis of the papersheets’ mechanical properties shows that the addition of LCNF as a reinforcing agent in the paperboard recycling process is a viable alternative to mechanical beating, achieving greater reinforcing effect and increasing the products’ life cycles.

Syntheses and Spectral Properties of Tetra-(4,4-Dimethyl-Phenyl) Dithiolene Nickel Complex

2013 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Xue Hua Cheng ◽  
Xiu Lan Xin ◽  
Li Hua Yin ◽  
Yang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Nickel Complex ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nickel Complexes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Synthesis Time ◽  
Photo Stability

Tetra-(4,4-dimethyl-phenyl) dithiolene nickel complex was synthesized by sulfuration with P2S5 and nickel complexs using bis-(4,4-dimethyl-phenyl) ethanedione as raw material. The structure of dithiolene nickel complexes was characterized by melting point, IR and 1HNMR. The maximum absorption spectra of this dithiolene nickel complexes in different solvent was measured by Ultraviolet-Visible-near Infrared Spectrum, and the photo stability and thermal stability were discussed. The results showed that this new method was used to synthesis bis-(4,4-dimethyl-phenyl) ethanedione, which greatly reduces the synthesis time compared to previous methods.

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