scholarly journals Measuring errors of parameters of size, shape and color during automated screening of skin pigmented neoplasms.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. Kudrin ◽  
◽  
E.N. Rimskaya ◽  
O.Yu. Pavlyukova ◽  
D.V. Davydov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Body Mapping ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Automated Screening

The paper describes the features of measuring parameters of size, shape, and color in automated screening of melanoma and skin pigmented neoplasms. Based on the known clinical parameters of pigmented skin neoplasms a set of measured parameters are proposed. The allowable errors of measuring the linear parameters and area parameters using numerical parameters of size are determined. A factors that introduce random errors of measuring the linear parameters and area parameters by the body mapping are considered. Measuring errors of linear parameters and area parameters are estimated analytically. The measurement errors for color parameters of skin pigmented neoplasms by body mapping are presented. The possibility of automated screening of melanoma and skin pigmented neoplasms by body mapping are confirmed.

scholarly journals Ранняя диагностика меланомы кожи с применением нескольких изображающих систем

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
К.Г. Кудрин ◽  
Е.Н. Римская ◽  
И.А. Аполлонова ◽  
А.П. Николаев ◽  
Н.В. Черномырдин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
Clinical Images ◽  
Melanoma Diagnosis ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Automated Image Processing

A complex approach to the early diagnosis of skin melanoma has been proposed. The approach involves a step-by-step examination of pigment tumors using several imaging systems. The features of morphometry of clinical images of pigmented skin neoplasms, features of imaging systems, the main stages of automated image processing and pattern recognition in the melanoma diagnosis has been considered. The metrological features of the proposed approach has been shown: the measurement errors of the clinical parameters of skin neoplasms by the proposed methods do not exceed the allowable errors. The approbation of the offered approach has been showed that sensitivity and specificity of the used methods exceeds 90%

scholarly journals Effect of measurement errors in determining the heat transfer coefficient of the enclosing structures of an isothermal car

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. GOLUBIN ◽  
N. V. BELOVA ◽  
S. N. NAUMENKO
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Express Method ◽  
Thermal Tests ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

When conducting thermal tests, the purpose of which is to determine the heat transfer coefficient of the body of an isothermal car K, the study of measurement errors affecting the accuracy of the obtained value plays an important role. The results of such experiments may contain various measurement errors that can introduce significant deviations into the resulting values of the desired coefficient. Obtaining accurate results when conducting this kind of experiments is impossible without a preliminary study of the causes that affect the final result. The article presents the types of measurement errors that affect the accuracy of determining the heat transfer coefficient of the body  of an isothermal car when conducting thermal tests. It was noted that the magnitude of labor costs and energy losses during the further operation of this body significantly depends on the accuracy of the value of this coefficient. It was emphasized that one of the main types of random errors arising from measurements and compliance with the established procedure for conducting typical thermal tests is a voltage drop (“slump”) in the electrical network, leading to significant errors in the calculations of the heat transfer coefficient of the isothermal car body. The values of this coefficient are presented, which were obtained as a result of heat engineering tests performed using the equilibrium mode method and the express method. It is shown that the use of the express method to determine the heat transfer coefficient of the bodies of isothermal cars reduces the risk of random errors due to the minimum experiment duration (from 5.5 h), allows to obtain exact values of the desired coefficient (with an error not higher than 3 % of its value of long-term equilibrium method) and use this data for practical purposes.

Stance- and Locomotion-Dependent Processing of Vibration-Induced Proprioceptive Inflow From Multiple Muscles in Humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 772-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Courtine ◽  
Alessandro Marco De Nunzio ◽  
Micaela Schmid ◽  
Maria Vittoria Beretta ◽  
Marco Schieppati
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Muscle Vibration ◽  
Mapping Study ◽  
Body Mapping ◽  
Neck Muscle Vibration ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Postural Orientation

We performed a whole-body mapping study of the effect of unilateral muscle vibration, eliciting spindle Ia firing, on the control of standing and walking in humans. During quiet stance, vibration applied to various muscles of the trunk-neck system and of the lower limb elicited a significant tilt in whole body postural orientation. The direction of vibration-induced postural tilt was consistent with a response compensatory for the illusory lengthening of the stimulated muscles. During walking, trunk-neck muscle vibration induced ample deviations of the locomotor trajectory toward the side opposite to the stimulation site. In contrast, no significant modifications of the locomotor trajectory could be detected when vibrating various muscles of the lower as well as upper limb. The absence of correlation between the effects of muscle vibration during walking and standing dismisses the possibility that vibration-induced postural changes can account for the observed deviations of the locomotor trajectory during walking. We conclude that the dissimilar effects of trunk-neck and lower limb muscle vibration during walking and standing reflect a general sensory-motor plan, whereby muscle Ia input is processed according to both the performed task and the body segment from which the sensory inflow arises.

scholarly journals The Effect of Random Error in Exposure Measurement upon the Shape of the Exposure Response

Dose-Response ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. dose-response.0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny S. Crump
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Exposure Measurement ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Normally Distributed

Although statistical analyses of epidemiological data usually treat the exposure variable as being known without error, estimated exposures in epidemiological studies often involve considerable uncertainty. This paper investigates the theoretical effect of random errors in exposure measurement upon the observed shape of the exposure response. The model utilized assumes that true exposures are log-normally distributed, and multiplicative measurement errors are also log-normally distributed and independent of the true exposures. Under these conditions it is shown that whenever the true exposure response is proportional to exposure to a power r, the observed exposure response is proportional to exposure to a power K, where K < r. This implies that the observed exposure response exaggerates risk, and by arbitrarily large amounts, at sufficiently small exposures. It also follows that a truly linear exposure response will appear to be supra-linear—i.e., a linear function of exposure raised to the K-th power, where K is less than 1.0. These conclusions hold generally under the stated log-normal assumptions whenever there is any amount of measurement error, including, in particular, when the measurement error is unbiased either in the natural or log scales. Equations are provided that express the observed exposure response in terms of the parameters of the underlying log-normal distribution. A limited investigation suggests that these conclusions do not depend upon the log-normal assumptions, but hold more widely. Because of this problem, in addition to other problems in exposure measurement, shapes of exposure responses derived empirically from epidemiological data should be treated very cautiously. In particular, one should be cautious in concluding that the true exposure response is supra-linear on the basis of an observed supra-linear form.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of air pollution in the production of continuous glass fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Mukhammadiyeva ◽  
Liliya K. Karimova ◽  
N. A. Beigul ◽  
A. B. Bakirov ◽  
E. T. Valeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Continuous Glass ◽  
Continuous Glass Fiber ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Fine Glass ◽  
Acid Hydrochloride ◽  
The Impact

With the use of a one-stage method we have carried out hygienic studies of the air of work area of the production of continuous glass fiber. There was revealed the emission of epichlorohydrin, formaldehyde, ethane acid, hydrochloride, spray of mineral petroleum oil, fine glass fiber dust in air of the work area. There was established the combined effect of hazardous substances of unidirectional action with the summation effect on the body. Hazardous substances containing in glass fiber sizers in combination with dust of glass fiber against the background of microtraumatization of the hand skin contribute to the development of occupational skin neoplasms. The studies became the basis of the development of preventive measures aimed at the reduction of risks of the impact of the chemical factor impact on workers.

scholarly journals A Matrix-Variate t Model for Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Billio ◽  
Roberto Casarin ◽  
Michele Costola ◽  
Matteo Iacopini
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Inference Procedure ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Flexible Model

Networks represent a useful tool to describe relationships among financial firms and network analysis has been extensively used in recent years to study financial connectedness. An aspect, which is often neglected, is that network observations come with errors from different sources, such as estimation and measurement errors, thus a proper statistical treatment of the data is needed before network analysis can be performed. We show that node centrality measures can be heavily affected by random errors and propose a flexible model based on the matrix-variate t distribution and a Bayesian inference procedure to de-noise the data. We provide an application to a network among European financial institutions.

Exploring Air Pollution and COVID-19 Linkages in South Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumara Mani ◽  
Takahiro Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Death

South Asia is at the epicenter of the global air pollution problems and still evolving in COVID-19 cases and fatalities. There is growing evidence of increased rates of COVID-19 in areas with high levels of air pollution. Air pollution is found to cause cellular damage and inflammation throughout the body and has been linked to higher rates of diseases, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, asthma, and other comorbidities. All these conditions also potentially increase the risk of death in COVID-19 patients. The causal link between the exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 is still under investigation around the world, underpinned by rigorous scientific research and peer-review processes. However, in terms of the approach after a careful review of the literature, the instrumental variable (IV) approach is a prospective candidate to establish causality in a reduced-form analysis to overcome endogeneity and measurement errors of air pollution level. An analysis, therefore, using sufficiently anonymized individual and household level information on COVID-19, household air pollution, and other individual and household socioeconomic endowments in the same primary sampling unit (PSU) of the individual and household survey would be necessary to establish the causality. The PSU data are usually available from demographic health surveys (DHS) with randomly displaced location information to maintain anonymity. Also, for the instrument of the exposure to ambient air pollution, the use of thermal inversions is suggested conditional on weather-related variables—for example, temperature, precipitation, wind velocity and direction, and humidity.

scholarly journals A Novel Landscape for Understanding Physical and Mental Health: Body Mapping Research with Youth Experiencing Psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Boydell ◽  
Jeffrey Ball ◽  
Jackie Curtis ◽  
Adèle De Jager ◽  
Megan Kalucy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Young People ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The Body ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Body Mapping ◽  
The Future

Estimates indicate the lifespan of individuals with psychotic illness is reduced by approximately 15-20 years. Consequently there is a need to address the physical health of those who live with a mental illness, like psychosis. The Bondi Centre provides an integrated model of care to young people with a first episode of psychosis. The Keeping the Body In Mind program focuses on prevention and early intervention of physical health issues and is offered alongside treatment for mental health and social issues as part of routine care. We used body mapping, an arts-based research method, to explore the complexity of this physical health intervention. Our aim was to develop an in-depth understanding of experiences of young clients of the early intervention centre, with a particular focus on the embodied relationship between physical and mental health. Six young people engaged in creating life-sized body maps depicting their experience of the physical intervention program over four 3-hour sessions, followed by an in-depth interview. Analysis of our body maps drew on thematic analysis and narrative inquiry. The narrative trope was one of recovery, highlighting the importance of the link between body and mind, individual and community, and the balance between light and darkness. There was an emphasis on developing feelings of connectedness (to self and others), hope and optimism for the future, a sense of having an identity, and a sense of meaning and empowerment. Recovery was conceptualised as an ongoing process rather than an end product or fixed state. Involvement in the body mapping process was consistently identified as therapeutic, offering an opportunity for reflection on the journey to recovery with a focus on past, present and imagined storylines of the future. 

scholarly journals Body Representations of Internal Pollution: The Risk Perception of the Circulation of Environmental Contaminants in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6544
Author(s):  
Cristina Larrea-Killinger ◽  
Araceli Muñoz ◽  
Arantza Begueria ◽  
Jaume Mascaró-Pons
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Body Mapping ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Internal Pollution

In this article, we analyze how pregnant and breastfeeding women perceive the inside of their bodies as well as their thoughts regarding the accumulation and elimination of chemical compounds present in food, and how these are then transmitted to the fetus. We explore different social perceptions of risk regarding the circulation of chemical compounds inside the body using qualitative research based on the technique of body mapping, comprised of women’s figures of their bodies in combination with comments on the figures, food diaries and narratives from in-depth interviews. We examine how these 41 women (21 pregnant and 20 breastfeeding) perceive the body’s internal mechanisms during the stages of pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as the circulation of chemical contaminants within it. The body mapping technique allowed us to analyze participants’ knowledge of internal pollution, a little-understood process in society. Thanks to these pregnant and breastfeeding women, who made an effort to represent and reflect on these new risks, this study shows that scientists and obstetricians need to collaborate with women in order to better understand and publicize the risks of internal pollution.

Upper wind observing systems used for meteorological operations

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 691-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Wind Component ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Wind Profiler Radar ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Balloon Measurements ◽  
Observing Systems

Abstract. Methods of upper wind measurements used in operational meteorology have been reviewed to provide guidance to those developing wind profiler radar systems. The main limitations of the various methods of tracking weather balloons are identified using results from the WMO radiosonde comparisons and additional tests in the United Kingdom. Costs associated with operational balloon measurements are reviewed. The sampling and quality of operational aircraft wind observations are illustrated with examples from the ASDAR system. Measurement errors in horizontal winds are quantified wherever possible. When tracking equipment is functioning correctly, random errors in southerly and westerly wind component measurements from aircraft and weather balloons are usually in the range 0.5-2 m s-1.

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