Dynamics in the activity of peroxidase and its isoforms in leaves of different apple cultivars

Background. Various approaches are used for identification of the most resistant fruit crop cultivars, including the analysis of different physiological and biochemical indicators. In Krasnodar Territory, Russia, one of the major stressors in summer is the hydrothermal stress. Drought and heat lead to an oxidative stress, as reactive oxygen species are produced in plant cells. Plants respond to oxidative damage by activating antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and various peroxidases. Peroxidase is able to decompose hydrogen peroxide. Peroxidase activity was calculated under natural summertime changes in the hydrothermal pattern (control) and in simulated high-temperature conditions.Materials and methods. Three apple cultivars of Russian breeding, ‘Fortuna’, ‘Soyuz’ and ‘Prikubanskoe’, and cv. ‘Ligol’ of Polish origin were studied. In the summers of 2018–2019, their leaf samples were analyzed to assess peroxidase activity and its isozyme composition under control and stress conditions. Native electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was used for separation of peroxidase isoforms. Malondialdehyde content was measured to identify oxidative stress levels in apple leaves.Results. The tested indicators demonstrated a high degree of heterogeneity induced by both cultivar specificity and seasonal weather dynamics. Peroxidase isoforms with a molecular weight of 70 to 60 kDa, characterized by the maximum level of variability (1–4 isoforms), were isolated. Two other groups included 1–3 isoforms with a molecular weight of ~130–100 kDa, and one with a molecular weight of ~55 kDa. The highest enzyme activity was found in cvs. ‘Fortuna’ and ‘Soyuz’ in July 2018, the hottest month during the period of research. Under simulated conditions, the triploid cultivar ‘Soyuz’ was least susceptible to the stress impact.

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Selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia: association with oxidative stress and lipid status biomarkers

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases ◽

10.1186/s13023-021-01732-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Itana Gomes Alves Andrade ◽

Fabíola Isabel Suano-Souza ◽

Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca ◽

Carolina Sanchez Aranda Lago ◽

Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Oxidized Ldl ◽

Reference Value ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Apo B ◽

Lipid Status ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Introduction Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) is a multi-system disorder that may be associated with endocrine changes, oxidative stress in addition to inflammation. Studies suggest that selenium is a trace element related to protection against damage caused by oxidative stress. Objective To describe the plasma levels of selenium and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in A-T patients and to relate them to oxidative stress and lipid status biomarkers. Methods This is a cross-sectional and controlled study evaluating 22 A-T patients (age median, 12.2 years old) matched by gender and age with 18 healthy controls. We evaluated: nutritional status, food intake, plasma selenium levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, lipid status, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. Results Adequate levels of selenium were observed in 24/36 (66.7%) in this evaluated population. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in selenium levels [47.6 μg/L (43.2–57.0) vs 54.6 (45.2–62.6) μg/dL, p = 0.242]. Nine of A-T patients (41%) had selenium levels below the reference value. The A-T group presented higher levels of LDL-c, non-HDL-c, oxidized LDL, Apo B, Apo-B/Apo-A-I1, LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, malondialdehyde [3.8 µg/L vs 2.8 µg/L, p = 0.029] and lower Apo-A-I1/HDL-c and glutathione peroxidase activity [7300 U/L vs 8686 U/L, p = 0.005]. Selenium levels were influenced, in both groups, independently, by the concentrations of oxidized LDL, malonaldehyde and non-HDL-c. The oxidized LDL (AUC = 0.849) and ALT (AUC = 0.854) were the variables that showed the greatest discriminatory power between groups. Conclusion In conclusion, we observed the presence of selenium below the reference value in nearly 40% and low GPx activity in A-T patients. There was a significant, inverse and independent association between selenium concentrations and oxidative stress biomarkers. Those data reinforce the importance of assessing the nutritional status of selenium in those patients.

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Composition of and variation in high- and low-molecular weight glutenin subunits, and omega gliadins in Ethiopian tetraploid wheat germplasm

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1079/pgr2006110 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 134-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Faris Hailu ◽

Eva Johansson ◽

Arnulf Merker ◽

Getachew Belay ◽

Harjit-Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Glutenin Subunit ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Glutenin Subunits ◽

Hmw Glutenin Subunits ◽

Lmw Glutenin Subunits ◽

Hmw Glutenin ◽

Omega Gliadins ◽

High Degree

A collection of 120 Ethiopian tetraploid wheat accessions was analysed for high-molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunit, low-molecular weight (LMW) glutenin subunit and omega gliadin composition by SDS–PAGE. For the HMW glutenin subunits, a new allelic variant, 2****, was detected which has not been previously described at the Glu-A1 locus. A high proportion of Glu-A1x banding pattern was observed in durum wheat. For the Glu-B1 locus four different banding patterns were detected. Among those HMW glutenin subunits, 7+8 were the most common, while subunits 14+15 and 6+8 were found to be rare. A high degree of variation was evident for the LMW glutenin subunits and D-zone omega gliadins. The association of the composition of the gluten with quality has been discussed. This wide variation can be used in improving the quality of wheat and to widen its genetic base.

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Mycothiol, a Low-Molecular-Weight Thiol Drafted for Oxidative Stress Defense Duty

Glutathione ◽

10.1201/9781351261760-19 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 331-356

Author(s):

Leonardo Astolfi Rosado ◽

Brandán Pedre ◽

Joris Messens

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Oxidative Stress Defense ◽

Stress Defense

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OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN THE LUNGS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL HYPEROXIA WITH INHALED LIPOSOMES BASED ON EGG LECITHIN

Biomeditsina ◽

10.33647/2074-5982-15-3-49-58 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 49-58

Author(s):

I. L. Kotovich ◽

Zh. A. Rutkovskaya ◽

A. D. Taganovich

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Alpha Tocopherol ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽

Diene Conjugates ◽

Hyperoxia Exposure ◽

Egg Lecithin

Oxidative stress is considered to be a factor leading to lung damage in premature infants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inhaled antioxidants incorporated into egg lecithin liposomes on the indicators of oxidative stress in the lungs of newborn guinea pigs under experimental hyperoxia (3 days). Bronchoalveolar lavage fl uid (BALF) was used as a material for the study. Under hyperoxia exposure, inhalation of liposomes containing N-acetylcysteine and alpha-tocopherol contributed to the suppression of the reactive oxygen species production by cells, normalization of glutathione peroxidase activity and carbonyls content, while not affecting the level of diene conjugates in BALF. The introduction of retinoid-containing liposomes (retinol and retinoic acid) under hyperoxia was accompanied by normalization of glutathione peroxidase activity as well as the content of protein oxidation products in BALF, while the generation of reactive oxygen species remained enhanced, and the diene conjugates and thiobarbituric acid reactive products exceeded the levels in animals exposed to hyperoxia alone. Thus, the inhaled liposomes containing retinoids and egg lecithin exhibit not only anti-, but also a prooxidant effect in the lungs under hyperoxia exposure, unlike the liposomal forms of N-acetylcysteine and alpha-tocopherol.

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ACIDIC PEROXIDASES OF APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-042 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 293-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

DAVID L. WELLER

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Isoelectric Focusing ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Sucrose Gradient ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Root Extract ◽

Apple Rootstock ◽

Apple Rootstocks ◽

Gel Isoelectric Focusing ◽

Isoenzyme Patterns

The peroxidase activity in extracts of shoot bark from Michigan State Apple Clone (MAC) 24 and in extracts of roots of MAC 24, East Mailing Long Ashton (EMLA) 27, and Oregon Apple Rootstock (OAR) 1 were characterized as being primarily acidic by broad range sucrose gradient isoelectric focusing. Gel isoelectric focusing (GIEF) using a narrower conventional or immobilized pH gradient showed that this activity could be separated into about a dozen isoenzymes. The GIEF isoenzyme patterns of MAC 24 shoot bark extract peroxidase and root extract peroxidases of MAC 24, EMLA 27, and OAR 1 differed. Similar values were obtained for the molecular weight of the peroxidase activity of these extracts. The results indicate that the acidic isoenzymes of apple peroxidase are of similar size.Key words: Apple, rootstocks (apple), peroxidase, molecular weight, isoenzymes

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Oxidative stress assessment by glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione levels in response to selenium supplementation in patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis I, II and VI

Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0334 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

José Araújo de Oliveira-Silva ◽

Joyce Umbelino Pinto Yamamoto ◽

Renata Bernardes de Oliveira ◽

Vaneisse Cristina Lima Monteiro ◽

Beatriz Jurkiewcz Frangipani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Selenium Supplementation ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽

Stress Assessment ◽

Mucopolysaccharidosis I

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Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching in d-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice via PI3K/AKT Pathway

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24183364 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (18) ◽

pp. 3364 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Liang Jing ◽

Jing-Ru Jiang ◽

Dong-Mei Liu ◽

Ji-Wen Sheng ◽

Wei-Fen Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Akt Pathway ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Related Factor ◽

Bax Protein ◽

Gene And Protein Expression

The purpose of this study was to characterize the polysaccharides from Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching (AMC) rhizome and explore the protective mechanism against d-galactose-induced oxidative stress in aging mice. Methods: A series of experiments, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy were carried out to characterize AMC polysaccharides. The mechanism was investigated exploring d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting assays were performed to assess the gene and protein expression in liver. Key findings: Our results showed that AMC polysaccharides were mainly composed of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic acid (Glc A), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), and fucose (Fuc) in a molar ratio of 0.077:0.088:0.09:1:0.375:0.354:0.04 with a molecular weight of 33203 Da (Mw). AMC polysaccharides strikingly reversed d-galactose-induced changes in mice, including upregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a), and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expression, raised Bcl-2/Bax ratio, downregulated caspase-3 mRNA expression, enhanced Akt, phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt), Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression, decreased caspase-3, and Bax protein expression. Conclusion: AMC polysaccharides attenuated d-galactose-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, which might in part contributed to their anti-aging activity.

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Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model Organism to Evaluate the Antioxidant Effects of Phytochemicals

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25143194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (14) ◽

pp. 3194

Author(s):

Begoña Ayuda-Durán ◽

Susana González-Manzano ◽

Ana M. González-Paramás ◽

Celestino Santos-Buelga

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Model Organism ◽

Lipid Peroxides ◽

Biological Research ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Fluorescent Reporters ◽

C Elegans ◽

High Degree

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was introduced as a model organism in biological research by Sydney Brenner in the 1970s. Since then, it has been increasingly used for investigating processes such as ageing, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, or inflammation, for which there is a high degree of homology between C. elegans and human pathways, so that the worm offers promising possibilities to study mechanisms of action and effects of phytochemicals of foods and plants. In this paper, the genes and pathways regulating oxidative stress in C. elegans are discussed, as well as the methodological approaches used for their evaluation in the worm. In particular, the following aspects are reviewed: the use of stress assays, determination of chemical and biochemical markers (e.g., ROS, carbonylated proteins, lipid peroxides or altered DNA), influence on gene expression and the employment of mutant worm strains, either carrying loss-of-function mutations or fluorescent reporters, such as the GFP.

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