BITTER VETCH, OR ERVIL (VICIA ERVILIA (L.) WILLD.): EVALUATION OF ACCESSIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENTS OF TAMBOV PROVINCE, RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. SERGEEV ◽  
◽  
N.N. ANDREEVA ◽  
N.V. VAVKINA ◽  
T.G. ALEKSANDROVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Evaluation Data ◽  
Bitter Vetch

The catalogue contains the evaluation data for 267 bitter vetch accessions from the collection held by the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), grown in 2010–2016 and 2021 at Yekaterinino Experiment Station of VIR. The study covered bitter vetch accessions of diverse geographic origin from 23 countries. The testing of Vicia ervilia accessions in years with different weather conditions showed the variability of the main agrobiological characteristics in the studied accessions: duration of the growing season, and seed yield per 1 m². The catalogue is addressed to plant breeding experts.

Access to plant genetic resources for genomic research for the poor: from global policies to target-oriented rules

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels P. Louwaars ◽  
Eva Thörn ◽  
José Esquinas-Alcázar ◽  
Shumin Wang ◽  
Abebe Demissie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Multilateral System

Applied genetics combined with practical plant breeding is a powerful tool in agricultural development and for food security. The Green Revolution spurred the world's potential to meet its food, feed and fibre needs at a time when vast regions were notoriously food-insecure. Subsequent adaptations of such strategies, from the late 1980s onwards, in order to develop new plant varieties in a more participatory way, have strengthened the focus on applying technology to farmers' diverse needs, feeding research results into a variety of seed systems. During these developments, there were no major legal impediments to the acquisition of either local or formal knowledge or of the building blocks of plant breeding: genetic resources. The emergence of molecular biology in plant science is creating a wealth of opportunities, both to understand better the limitations of crop production and to use a much wider array of genetic diversity in crop improvement. This ‘Gene Revolution’ needs to incorporate the lessons from the Green Revolution in order to reach its target groups. However, the policy environment has changed. Access to technologies is complicated by the spread of private rights (intellectual property rights), and access to genetic resources by new national access laws. Policies on access to genetic resources have changed from the concept of the ‘Heritage of Mankind’ for use for the benefit of all mankind to ‘National Sovereignty’, based on the Convention on Biological Diversity, for negotiated benefit-sharing between a provider and a user. The Generation Challenge Programme intends to use genomic techniques to identify and use characteristics that are of value to the resource-poor, and is looking for ways to promote freedom-to-operate for plant breeding technologies and materials. Biodiversity provides the basis for the effective use of these genomic techniques. National access regulations usually apply to all biodiversity indiscriminately and may cause obstacles or delays in the use of genetic resources in agriculture. Different policies are being developed in different regions. Some emphasize benefit-sharing, and limit access in order to implement this (the ‘African Model Law’), while others, in recognition of countries' interdependence, provide for facilitated access to all genetic resources under the jurisdiction of countries in the region (the Nordic Region). There are good reasons why the use of agricultural biodiversity needs to be regulated differently from industrial uses of biodiversity. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which entered into force in 2004, provides for facilitated access to agricultural genetic resources, at least for the crops that are included in the Treaty's ‘Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-sharing’. Ratification of the Treaty is proceeding apace, and negotiations have entered a critical stage in the development of practical instruments for its implementation. Although the scope of the Treaty is all plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, there are important crops that are not covered by its Multilateral System. Humanitarian licences are being used to provide access for the poor to protected technologies: countries may need to create such a general humanitarian access regime, to ensure the poor have the access they need to agricultural genetic resources.

scholarly journals Making Use of Sustainable Local Plant Genetic Resources: Would Consumers Support the Recovery of a Traditional Purple Carrot?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azucena Gracia ◽  
Ana María Sánchez ◽  
Francesc Jurado ◽  
Cristina Mallor
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Local Plant

Local plant genetic resources are of vital importance for the resilience of the agroecosystems, especially under conditions of global climate change. The diversification of production using these resources is postulated as an alternative for the development of rural areas with non-optimal farming conditions and/or disadvantaged by depopulation. However, in order to sustainably utilize local genetic resources, their use has also to provide products accepted by consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate consumer acceptance of a local purple carrot that is a Spanish landrace at risk of genetic erosion from Teruel, a province in the Aragón region seriously affected by depopulation and extreme weather conditions, to contribute to its sustainable recovery. Consumer preferences for carrots with different characteristics (color, price, variety, and production system) were studied, and their willingness to pay (WTP) for the local purple carrots was assessed. Data from a survey conducted in this Spanish region was used. We identified two segments of consumers with different willingness to pay, hedonic liking, and intention to purchase the purple local carrots. These traditional purple carrots would be accepted by the segment of consumers more willing to pay for and more likely to purchase these carrots. The traditional purple carrots should be promoted, emphasizing that they are produced by a local landrace whose purple color is due to anthocyanic pigments with known antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Genetic resources: the basis for sustainable and competitive plant breeding

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (spe) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Lourenço Nass ◽  
Mário Sérgio Sigrist ◽  
Cláudia Silva da Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Francisco José Becker Reifschneider
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Vulnerability ◽  
Germplasm Banks

Plant genetic resources are the fuel for breeding, which in the search for higher yield and adapted genotypes, manipulates genes in order to meet the needs of farmers, and especially, of the current market. However, the use of accessions available in germplasm banks is low. Topics discussed in this paper emphasize the importance of plant genetic resources, and warn about problems related to genetic vulnerability; also, they discuss about aspects of costs involved in conservation and suggest recommendations for strengthening the area in Brazil.

scholarly journals Estimating the abundance of the typographer bark beetle in the spruce forests of the Republic of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00138
Author(s):  
Aigul Mukhametshina ◽  
Haris Musin ◽  
Insaf Taziev ◽  
Renat Gafiatov
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Peak Number ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
A Site ◽  
Forest Diseases

The article provides an estimation of abundance the typographer bark beetle using barrier traps in the spruce forests of the Republic of Tatarstan. For the last 10 years, there has been the shrinkage of spruce forests throughout the Russian Federation due to adverse factors, primarily the weather. In the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan, the main reasons for the unsatisfactory condition of forest stands are forest diseases – 20,276.7 ha and weather conditions – 16,824.1 ha, corresponding to 51.7% and 42.9% of the area of all plantations with disrupted and lost stability. The research studies were carried out in the “Sabinskiy Forestry Enterprise” and “Lubyankskiy Forestry Enterprise” of the Republic of Tatarstan. According to our observations for the whole growing season, the largest number of beetles is concentrated on a site of pure plantings at the age of 40 years and is estimated at 1,645 pcs. On all three sites, the peak number of beetles takes place on July 5, 2019 corresponding to 3,684 pcs. In 2019, there was damping of some foci of this pest on 330.1 ha. At the same time, the new foci were identified, which accounted for 9.5% of the total area of bark beetle foci. As a result, at the end of 2019, the total area of foci of this pest in the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan was 1,018.9 ha, which is 28% less than the same indicator last year.

scholarly journals Study of collection accessions of the fiber flax gene pool according to the main agronomic characters in the conditions of the North-West of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-530
Author(s):  
Aleksander D. Stepin ◽  
Michail N. Rysev ◽  
Tamara A. Ryseva ◽  
Svetlana V. Utkina ◽  
Nadezhda V. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
North West ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
The North ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
The Russian Federation

Studies on the evaluation of 20 fiber flax accessions of Russian, Chinese, Japanese and Polish breeding from the collection of the Federal Research Center "All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N. I. Vavilov" (VIR) were conducted in 2018-2020 in order to identify the sources of agronomic valuable characters that are adaptive to the conditions of the North-West of the Russian Federation. The HTC for the growing season in 2018 was 0.95, in 2019 – 1.53 and in 2020-1.1. Abiotic conditions had a greater influence on the formation of plant height (59.6 %), seed yield (60 %) and fiber content in plants (55.1 %), but the influence of the genotype on these indicators was also significant. The effect size of the genotype prevailed in the formation of fiber yield (67.2 %) and the duration of the growing season (52.8 %). The variability of characters was the greatest according to the seed yield (V = 6.7-33.9 %), disease resistance (V = 3.1-26.5 %); the lowest one was noted according to the duration of the growing season (V = 4.4-9.7 %). For the rest characters, it was at the level of up to 20 %. A valuable and plastic source material was identified for practical breeding aimed at creating new varieties with the following characters: early maturity – K-8680 (Russia), K-8782, K-8783 (Japan), which matured 3 days earlier than the Dobrynya standard and had a growing period of 67 days; productivity – K-8651, K-8760, K-8795, K-8797, K-8874, K-8877 (China), which significantly exceeded the fiber yield of the Dobrynya variety (241 g/m2) by 8-14 %. There were identified genotypes significantly exceeding the standard: according to the plant height (82 cm) ‒ K-8681 (Russia), K-8751, K-8794, K-8795, K-8754 (China) ‒ by 12-25 %; yield of flax straw (241 g/m2) – K-8681 (Russia), K-8751, K-8794, K-8795, K-8874, K-8880 (China) – by 25-40 %; seed yield (149 g/m2) ‒ K-8680 (Russia), K-8772 (Poland), K-8782 (Japan) – by 10-23 %; resistance to lodging (9 samples) and diseases (7 samples). Use of the identified gene sources in breeding practice should accelerate the creation of varieties that provide high and stable yields.

scholarly journals Genetic resources of fodder crops in Croatia: current state and future prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00137
Author(s):  
Aleš Vokurka ◽  
Tihomir Čupić ◽  
Leonarda Sigal ◽  
Hrvoje Kutnjak ◽  
Dubravka Dujmović Purgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Xix Century

Plant breeding as an important discipline in agriculture started in Croatia during the last decades of XIX century at several institutions and farms, but was mainly focused on arable grains, but to less extent to fodder, and other crops. The efforts in the research, collecting and evaluation of genetic resources of fodder crops started in the second half of XX century, but were interrupted and ceased by the war in 1990-ies, with a part of material being lost. The activities started almost from scratch by establishing the Croatian Gene Bank in early 1990ties that existed only for few years. A new National Plant Gene Bank was established in 2004 as a network working in synergy with the SEEDNet programme, and was directed by National Plant Genetic Resources Programme based on the valid international treaties on biodiversity, and conducted according to good practice in genetic resources maintenance and research, with the support of the Ministry of Agriculture and EU funds. The paper presents the short outline of the research of the genetic resources of fodder crops.

INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE SOYBEAN TRAITS

1970 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Е. V. Gureeva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Maturing

The results of research conducted in 2015-2019 in the forest-steppe agroclimatic zone to identify the dependence of economically valuable traits of soybean varieties on the meteorological conditions of the Ryazan region are presented. The soil of the experimental site is dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition. Reaction of the soil solution-phsol. - 5,2; humus content 5,8 %. Mobile phosphorus content – 191.4 mg / kg of soil; exchange potassium content-108.5 mg / kg of soil; nitrate nitrogen-8.4 mg / kg; ammonium nitrogen-1.57 mg/kg. The object of the research were varieties of soybean breeding, FEDERAL state scientific institution "Ryazan research Institute of agriculture" - Mahewa, George, Whale, Light. The work was carried out in accordance with the methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops and the methodology of field experience. To characterize the climatic conditions, we used an integrated indicator – Selyaninov's hydrothermal coefficient (GTC). It was found that the duration of the growing season of early — maturing varieties depends more on the weather conditions in july, early-maturing varieties-on the conditions in august. The height of the plant is affected by weather conditions in june, and the weight of 1000 seeds – in july. The yield of soybeans largely depends on the climatic conditions during the main stages of development of the crop. The average yield over the years of the study for varieties was in the range from 1.37 to 1.79 t/ha. The highest yield was recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the GTC close to 1, the lowest yield for varieties was obtained in 2018 with the GTC=0.6. A significant relationship was found between seed yield, seed weight from the plant and the GTC of the growing season: the variation in soybean seed yield by 67% is associated with the action of the studied factors (R2=0.67).

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