scholarly journals Reviewing volcano hazard and risk communications in Ecuador: experiences from a fast-format workshop

Volcanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-324
Author(s):  
Juan Anzieta ◽  
Glyn Williams-Jones ◽  
Benjamin Bernard ◽  
Hugo Ortiz ◽  
Silvia Vallejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Message Format ◽  
Risk Communications ◽  
The Way

Hazard and risk communication requires the design and dissemination of clear messages that enhance people’s actions before, during, and after volcanic crises. To create effective messages, the communication components such as message format and content, must be considered. Changes in technology are changing the way people communicate at an ever-increasing pace; thus, we propose revising the basic components of the communication process to improve the dialogue between scientists and the public. We describe communication issues during and outside volcanic crises in Ecuador and assess possible causes and consequences. These ideas were discussed during the short-duration “Volcano Geophysical Principles and Hazards Communications” Workshop in Baños, Ecuador in 2019. We review and propose communication strategies for volcanic hazards and risks that resulted from the workshop discussions and experiences of experts from the Instituto Geofísico (IG-EPN), local and international professors involved in volcano research and communication, and students from universities across Ecuador.

Responses to the outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1) in Japan: Risk communication and shimaguni konjo

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shigemura, MD ◽  
Koichi Nakamoto, MD, PhD ◽  
Robert J. Ursano, MD
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Collective Behaviors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Novel Influenza A

In Japan, national outbreak of novel influenza A (H1N1) triggered serious social disruption. The public perceived overwhelming fear and their behaviors were severely affected. Countless events were put off, with massive economic losses due to activity cancellations. The heightened fear may have been a mixture of risk communication consequences, geographic characteristics (island nation), and culture-bound fear related to shimaguni konjo, or “island mentality”; according to a Japanese cultural norm, the “outside” is considered “impure” and is often covered-up, criticized, and avoided. These consequences shed light on cultural effects on collective behaviors, along with the importance of risk communication strategies.

scholarly journals Crisis Communication

Communication ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lachlan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Audience Response ◽  
Communication Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Organizational Crises

In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, scholars from the fields of journalism, communication, management, and psychology paid increased attention to communication efforts that take place before, during, and after organizational crises and other events likely to instigate negative reactions on the part of the public. This subset of communication has come to be known as crisis communication—the construction and dissemination of public messages in the event of organizational incidents, natural disasters, accidents, and other incidents likely to induce fear, anxiety, or unrest. Crisis communication is often delineated from risk communication in that crisis communication deals specifically with events that have taken place as opposed to the risk of events occurring in the future. Given that crisis communication has emerged from several academic traditions, numerous approaches to the study of these messages and their effectiveness can be found in the extant literature. Each of these approaches sheds insight on a particular aspect of the crisis communication process, such as the actions inside an organization, audience response, message construction, or stakeholder relations. This bibliography attempts to capture key works across all of these traditions and is divided into several components. A list of key overview texts is presented along with information regarding journals in which much of the essential scholarship in the field can be found, a series of studies defining the parameters of the field is included, and essential studies in the field are discussed in two sections. One section presents studies that examine crisis communication from several leading methodological perspectives, the other the key studies concerning the prevailing theoretical perspectives in the field.

scholarly journals Analyzing Dorian Twitter data to understand how hurricane risk communication changes as threats unfold

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ma ◽  
Barbara Millet
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Individual Account ◽  
Message Type ◽  
Communication Modes ◽  
Message Format ◽  
Hurricane Risk ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Social media has been widely used for hurricane risk communication but also faces the challenge of providing effective risk messages for the public. This research explores the diffusion of forecast messages on social media for Hurricane Dorian (2019) to understandhow hurricane risk information is created, disseminated, and discussed in many-to-many communication modes. We collected streams of posts from professional Twitter accounts, conducted a descriptive statistical analysis of manually-coded tweets to identify hurricane riskmessage types, performed a network analysis to audit engagement among different types of accounts, and calculated sentiment scores to examine message opinions. The results showed that professional accounts are more likely to post original content than share, among which most of the organizational accounts (including forecasters, emergency management, and news outlets) post in regular intervals with a fixed message format and a neutral opinion while professional individual accounts (e.g. meteorologist, broadcasters) post with no observable temporal regulation, variable forms, and sentiments. However, the forecaster accounts are less engaged than the mediator accounts (i.e. news outlets and professional individual account holders). The study also revealed that under the hurricane risk context, those willing to shareinformation rely more on post timing and expertise of post creators, rather than message type and sentiment.

scholarly journals Obstacles to timely emergency messaging for acute incidents

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-453
Author(s):  
Jeremy Bernfeld, MPS, CEM
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Public ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Emergency Managers

Emergency alerts, warnings, and notifications (AWN) help protect the public by communicating information about impending hazards to encourage protective actions. Three key subsystems compose AWN systems: (1) detection; (2) management; and (3) response. While much research regarding the detection and response subsystems exists, few studies focus on the management subsystem. This subsystem involves emergency managers (EM) receiving and analyzing information about a hazard, deciding whether the hazard poses enough risk to warrant an emergency message, and where appropriate, transmitting that message across available AWN systems. To help improve understanding of this decision-making process, the researcher conducted interviews with EMs responsible for AWN decision-making and issuance, and leveraged participant responses to inform this work. This study details the threat interpretation, organization, technology, and infrastructure limitations that can directly delay or prevent AWN issuance. This work also outlines the adverse impacts on the public, EMs, and emergency services that can follow an AWN, as EMs must weigh these consequences when deciding to issue an emergency message. By outlining these obstacles, this study aims to help inform EMs of the challenges they may face during the critical moments of an incident, so they may better prepare to issue timely emergency messages to protect their communities. The findings gleaned from this research can also help technologists and social scientists better understand the influences their fields have on the EM, so that they may improve upon existing AWN systems and risk communication strategies.

scholarly journals The Kinder Cut: A Macro Communication Strategy for Delivering News of Job Termination

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
M M Monippally
Keyword(s):  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Good News ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
The Third ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Job Termination ◽  
The Way

A Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) ought to be good news for employees; it gives them the freedom to retire early with a substantial sum of money, tax free, as compensation. But, in many Indian companies, VRS is retrenchment through the backdoor. Employees identified as redundant or undesirable are pressured to leave. That they have been ‘selected’ for VRS can be devastating news for them especially when finding alternative jobs with similar remuneration and social status is difficult. This paper explores the communication strategies that employers can adopt to deliver well the bad news of job loss. Researchers have been studying the role of communication in softening the blow of job termination. Their discussions tend to be around micro communication strategies that depend largely on the verbal component of the complex communication process. This paper illustrates and recommends a macro communication strategy that would: actively deploy several mutually reinforcing non-verbal as well as verbal moves, especially a range of management actions that work down employee expectations help employees perceive as fair both the company's decision to downsize and the manner of downsizing. A review of several studies of perceived fairness prompts one to conclude that perception of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice helps people accept a variety of unpleasant experiences without anger. If they perceive procedural and interactional justice, they may even overlook low distributive justice. This paper identifies employee expectations that have to be met or worked down by organizations to facilitate the perception of fairness in their job termination. These include: absence of viable alternatives to downsizing adequacy of notice of termination objectivity and transparency in selecting employees to be terminated humaneness in the way the downsizees are treated. As culture and tradition largely determine the scope of some of these and similar expectations, this paper touches upon what Indian employees expect in the event of downsizing. This analysis is followed by a brief discussion of the way three Indian companies of different sizes – Pennar Industries Limited, Pennar Investor Services Private Limited, and Everest Limited – downsized. In the first two cases there was no litigation, violence or strike although the compensation paid was well below the employees' original demand. In the third case there was litigation although an attractive compensation was offered to employees opting for VRS. The first two used a macro communication strategy that conveyed convincingly to the survivors and downsizees alike that the decision to downsize was unavoidable the low compensation offered was fair under the given circumstances the company was treating the downsizees humanely. The third company relied largely on a micro communication strategy driven by logic and data; it did achieve its target of personnel reduction but failed to convince the employees of its fairness.

scholarly journals Risk communication as an operation meant to produce and share audiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (49) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Daniela Korbas-Magal
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Way

In this article, Luhmann's system theory is used as a theoretical framework for analysing the way risk communicators view their social functions. Narrated experiences from risk communicators in practice facilitate an understanding of risk communication as both an external irritation to society and part of the mass communication system. They also aid in clarifying how perceptions of audiences are reflected in the risk-communication strategies. The analysis is based on qualitative data collected from in-depth interviews conducted with 22 risk communicators (scientific professionals, spokespeople and journalists) in Israel. Thematic areas reflected in interviewees' reported strategies embody their perception of audiences. Those themes include: the reduction of complexities; coding and sorting of information; autopoiesis (realisation/non-realisation of the risk); rationality; inherent paradoxes; and schema formation. In sum, the findings suggest that risk communicators play a major role in defining, creating and producing audiences for the mass communication system.

scholarly journals Strategic Utilisation of Social Media in Risk Communication

2019 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Faizul Nizam Abu Salim
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Crisis Communications ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social

Social media is a communication platform which has witnessed an exponential growth in use and influence in recent years, democratising the communication process especially with the uprising of citizenship journalism and 24-hours journalism. It offers risk/crisis communicators a way of putting into practice those principles which are advocated in good communica t ion practices to be at the core of their risk management and communication practices; at a very low cost, with excellent access to public, great spread and immense speed of spread. Malaysia has an advantage in this area, given that the penetration of social media in the country is 75%, making it 7th overall in the world in January 2018. Approaching this ‘double edge sword’ nature of social media as opportunities rather than challenges, it can be well utilised in risk and crisis communication and help improve emergency preparedness and response, reduce costs of disaster, improve transparency of decisions, and increase the potential of acceptance of outcomes. First and foremost, it is an excellent listening tool to help ‘feel the pulse’ of the public, picking up risk incidents discussed in the social media realm as part of Early Earning Surveillance System (EWARS). It helps to bridge the polarisation and gap between the perception of the public and the perception of the authorities/regulators/experts is a key issue that need to be addressed well in risk communication. Risk and crisis communications are valuable to enhance preparedness and response as they help to raise the level of awareness of citizens and their capacity to take the appropriate measures. With emerging disease, chemica l or radiological threats or even a familiar yearly occurring risk like haze or floods, it is essential to identify effective risk communication strategies for informing both the public and professionals, to promote and achieve appropriate behavioural patterns that mitigate public health risks. The different types of social media and mobile messaging can be complementar y in risk and crisis management. The social networking media can help enhance coordination among volunteers and emergency services. At the same time, content sharing media can assist in conducting situational awareness as many users will share images or videos of how a crisis is evolving in real time. We have seen this umpteenth time, even in Malaysia especially in relation to big incidents that concerns many and evoked emotional response from the public. Examples from some case studies of real incidents will be used to illustrate this; as to share the best practices by the Ministry of Health Malaysia on how social media can be indeed used strategically in risk and crisis communication.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 20

scholarly journals Understanding Risk Communication Gaps through E-Government Website and Twitter Hashtag Content Analyses: The Case of Indonesia’s Mt. Sinabung Eruption

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akemi Takeoka Chatfield ◽  
Christopher G. Reddick
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
The Public ◽  
Twitter Analysis ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
Government Website ◽  
Meteorological Satellite

AbstractDespite operational volcano surveillance using meteorological satellite, thermal remote sensing and infrared camera technologies, predicting a volcano’s hazardous activity and explosive eruption, with any accuracy, remains nearly impossible. Volcanic hazards and risk literature identifies risk communication as critical but insufficiently understood. This paper, therefore, investigates disaster risk communications during Indonesia’s Mt. Sinabung eruptions in February 2014, causing 16 deaths and continuous evacuations of 30,000 residents. We critically examined one-way government-to-citizens communications via e-government websites and Twitter and citizens’ multi-directional communications via #sinabung hashtag for sharing volcano risk perceptions about affected villagers. Our Twitter analysis of #sinabung found evidence for the absence of government engagement in risk perception communications and leadership in responding to the Indonesian public’s expressed concerns for the Mt. Sinabung disaster. For governments that would implement citizen-centric e-governance, Twitter can be used effectively as a multi-directional risk communication tool to quickly and effectively share risk perceptions and disaster information with the public.

Heritage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Shaikh ◽  
Stefano Bonino
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Online Video ◽  
The South ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Community Heritage ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The Way

The Colourful Heritage Project (CHP) is the first community heritage focused charitable initiative in Scotland aiming to preserve and to celebrate the contributions of early South Asian and Muslim migrants to Scotland. It has successfully collated a considerable number of oral stories to create an online video archive, providing first-hand accounts of the personal journeys and emotions of the arrival of the earliest generation of these migrants in Scotland and highlighting the inspiring lessons that can be learnt from them. The CHP’s aims are first to capture these stories, second to celebrate the community’s achievements, and third to inspire present and future South Asian, Muslim and Scottish generations. It is a community-led charitable project that has been actively documenting a collection of inspirational stories and personal accounts, uniquely told by the protagonists themselves, describing at first hand their stories and adventures. These range all the way from the time of partition itself to resettling in Pakistan, and then to their final accounts of arriving in Scotland. The video footage enables the public to see their facial expressions, feel their emotions and hear their voices, creating poignant memories of these great men and women, and helping to gain a better understanding of the South Asian and Muslim community’s earliest days in Scotland.

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