scholarly journals Hazard assessment studies and multiparametric volcano monitoring developed by the Instituto Geológico, Minero y Metalúrgico in Peru

Volcanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Rigoberto Aguilar Contreras ◽  
Edu Taipe Maquerhua ◽  
Yanet Antayhua Vera ◽  
Mayra Ortega Gonzales ◽  
Fredy Apaza Choquehuayta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Diffusion Of Information ◽  
Volcano Observatory ◽  
Volcanic Monitoring ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Real Time Transmission ◽  
And Diffusion

Urban development in the areas surrounding active volcanoes has led to increasing risks in southern Peru. In order to evaluate the hazard, the Instituto Geológico, Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) created a Volcano Observatory (OVI) to carry out detailed geological investigations to understand eruption histories and provide volcanic hazard maps. The generation of geological information on volcanoes has allowed the identification of scenarios and zoning of potentially impacted areas. This information has also allowed OVI to implement surveillance networks giving priority to the volcanoes that pose the greatest risk to the population, infrastructure, and economic activities. Since 2006, OVI has been running volcanic monitoring networks with a multidisciplinary approach, improving real-time transmission, and making timely forecasts. Based on geological information and the risk posed by the volcanoes, the greatest efforts have been made to monitor Sabancaya, Misti, Ubinas, and Ticsani volcanoes. Following the order of priorities, monitoring of Coropuna, Huaynaputina, Tutupaca and, Yucamane volcanoes has also been developed. In addition, OVI carries out routine education activities and diffusion of information that serve to manage volcanic risk in Peru. El desarrollo urbano en zonas aledañas a volcanes activos ha conllevado a la generación de riesgos cada vez mayores en el sur del Perú. Con la finalidad de evaluar el peligro, el Instituto Geológico, Minero y Metalúrgico (INGEMMET) creó un observatorio vulcanológico (OVI) para realizar estudios geológicos detallados que permitan conocer las historias eruptivas y elaborar mapas de peligros volcánicos. La generación de información geológica sobre los volcanes ha permitido la identificación de escenarios y la zonificación de áreas con potencial a ser afectadas. Esta información también ha permitido al OVI implementar sus redes de monitoreo priorizando los volcanes que representan mayor riesgo para la población, la infraestructura y las actividades económicas. Desde el año 2006, el OVI viene implementando redes de vigilancia volcánica con un enfoque multidisciplinario, mejorando la transmisión en tiempo real y realizando pronósticos oportunos. En base a la información geológica y el nivel de riesgo de los volcanes, se han puesto los mayores esfuerzos en monitorear los volcanes Sabancaya, Misti, Ubinas y Ticsani. Siguiendo el orden de prioridades, el OVI ha comenzado, también, el monitoreo de los volcanes Coropuna, Huaynaputina, Tutupaca y Yucamane. Además, el observatorio desarrolla actividades permanentes de educación y difusión de la información que sirven a la gestión del riesgo volcánico en el Perú.

scholarly journals How Does the Spatial Structure of High-Speed Rail Station Areas Evolve? A Case Study of Zhengzhou East Railway Station, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11132
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Jingyu Liu ◽  
Wenxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
And Diffusion

The rapid development of high-speed rail (HSR) and station areas has shortened the spatial and temporal distances among cities, improved the accessibility of cities, and affected the spatial agglomeration and diffusion of populations and of social and economic activities. This has led to spatial reconfiguration of production factors within cities, which has the potential to drive the reconstruction of urban spatial structures. Based on POI and land-use data, this paper defines the spatial scope of the HSR station area and explores the characteristics and influencing factors of its spatial structure from the perspective of industry. The study area i is set at 2000 m. Since the opening of the HSR, the industrial distribution has exhibited a significant circular, multi-core, and axial belt spatial structure. The spatial structure of each sub-industry is different. On the whole, internal and external transport and agglomeration economies have significant impacts on the industrial spatial distribution, and land rent has gradually decreased in importance with the development of HSR station areas. The intensity of the effects of different factors varies among different industries. The mechanisms by which the spatial structure of the station area is formed are discussed and include location accessibility, micro-market factors, node station attributes, the availability of a sufficient amount of undeveloped land, the characteristics and needs of HSR passengers, and policies and systems.

scholarly journals Visualizations of personal social networks on Facebook and community structure: an exploratory study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Gkini ◽  
Alexios Brailas
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Community Formation ◽  
Structure Pattern ◽  
Diffusion Of Information ◽  
Qualitative Interpretation ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Personal Social Networks ◽  
And Diffusion

We studied the community structure pattern in the visualizations of ten personal social networks on Facebook at a single point in time. It seems to be a strong tendency towards community formation in online personal, social networks: somebody’s friends are usually also friends between them, forming subgroups of more densely connected nodes. Research on community structure in social networks usually focuses on the networks’ statistical properties. There is a need for qualitative studies bridging the gap between network topologies and their sociological implications. To this direction, visual representations of personal networks in social media could be a valuable source of empirical data for qualitative interpretation. Most of the personal social networks’ visualizations in the present study are very highly clustered with densely-knit overlapping subgroups of friends and interconnected between them through wide bridges. This network topology pattern seems to be quite efficient, allowing for a fast spread and diffusion of information across the whole social network.

An Analysis of Literature on Consumer Adoption and Diffusion of Information System/Information Technology/Information and Communication Technology

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh K. Dwivedi ◽  
Michael D. Williams ◽  
Banita Lal ◽  
Navonil Mustafee
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Diffusion Of Technology ◽  
Diffusion Of Information ◽  
Current State ◽  
Residential Context ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
System Information ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
And Diffusion

This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of literature pertaining to consumer/household/residential adoption and diffusion issues in relation to ICT/IT/IS to ascertain the current “state of play” within the field along a number of dimensions. Eighty articles on the adoption, acceptance and diffusion of ICT/IT/IS, published in 54 peer reviewed journals between 1998 and 2008, were reviewed, from which information on a series of variables were extracted. The subsequent findings suggest that the positivist paradigm, empirical and quantitative research, the survey method and the TAM theory were predominantly used when investigating the topics of the adoption and diffusion of technology within the consumer/household/residential context.

Broadband Adoption and Diffusion (BAD)

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh K. Dwivedi ◽  
Anastasia Papazafeiropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of this chapter is to outline various factors reported in the 49 chapters of this handbook of research. The aim is also to organize identified factors in a meaningful manner in order to propose a framework of broadband adoption and diffusion. This chapter illustrates the fact that research on the adoption, diffusion, usage, and impact of broadband is clearly a global issue which requires a multidisciplinary approach. The proposed framework includes three levels of factors—macro factors, individual micro factors, and SME-level micro factors. These three levels of factors are relevant at different levels of development, deployment, and diffusion of broadband which persist in various developed and developing countries. The chapter concludes by suggesting that the proposed framework is based on a comprehensive set of factors observed in various countries, and future studies may use this framework to identify gaps and then bridge those gaps by conducting new studies.

The Valorization of the Surface Waters on the Inland Regions in Differentiated Tourism Products

2021 ◽  
pp. 204-226
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Poeta Fernandes ◽  
Hugo Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Serra Da Estrela ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Visitor Numbers

The purpose of this study is to address the importance of water resources in tourism and leisure activities, to establish a framework of activities in inland waters and their meaning in the territory of the Serra da Estrela, namely within the scope of Estrela Geopark. Recognizing tourism as one of the pillars of a UNESCO world geopark, the image and brand of this destination is enhanced by the classification obtained, which drives the strengthening of partnerships; collaboration and cooperation between stackholders; the appreciation and diffusion of its heritage and culture; encouraging increased visitor numbers, consumption of goods and services, and decreasing seasonality of tourism. The attraction of its waters for tourism and leisure activities represents a resource for the strengthening of the economic activities within the region with concrete effects on trade, hotels, and local restaurants, in view of the practices involved, the natural and cultural contexts that the territory offers, and the opportunities for new activities.

scholarly journals The effect of spatial dependence on hazard validation

2017 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iunio Iervolino ◽  
Massimiliano Giorgio ◽  
Pasquale Cito
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Seismic Networks

Summary In countries where best-practice probabilistic hazard studies and seismic monitoring networks are available, there is increasing interest in direct validation of hazard maps. It usually means trying to quantitatively understand whether probabilities estimated via hazard analysis are consistent with observed frequencies of exceedance of ground motion intensity thresholds. Because the exceedance events of interest are typically rare with respect to the time span covered by data from seismic networks, a common approach underlying these studies is to pool observations from different sites. The main reason for this is to collect a sample large enough to convincingly perform a statistical analysis. However, this requires accounting for the dependence among the stochastic processes counting exceedances of ground motion intensity measures thresholds at different sites. Neglecting this dependence may lead to potentially fallacious conclusions about inadequateness of probabilistic seismic hazard. This study addresses this issue revisiting a hazard validation exercise for Italy, showing that accounting for this kind of spatial dependence can change the results of formal testing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document