Problems and Prospects of Agricultural Marketing in Hills of Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
National Income ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Traditional Mode ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Hill Agriculture

Agricultural marketing plays a crucial role in accelerating the economic development of hill agriculture. An efficient agriculture marketing system is supposed to add to the welfare of producers as well as consumers. It helps in the optimization of resource use, output management, increase in farm incomes, widening of markets, growth of agro-based industry, addition to national income through value addition and employment creation. India is a country with diverse agro-climatic endowments; conditions under which agriculture in the plains and hills present differing scenario. The mountainous region of the country has tremendous potential or cultivation of many high valued added and rare commodities. Among the 34 million people that inhabit the Himalayan region of the country, a large percentage is of the hill farming communities. The hills of India produces a wide range of goods starting from temperate fruits to subtropical fruits but lacks infrastructure facilities due to which farmers do not get better price for their produce. Traditional agriculture is the major and dominant activity in the hill economy, which confronts multiple risks and uncertainty. The hills of Himachal Pradesh also have lots of inherent constraints related to agricultural marketing in terms of inaccessibility and remoteness, marginality and fragility, scattered land holdings, traditional mode of production, low use of modern inputs, transportation difficulty due to the difficult hilly terrain, non-availability of regulated markets, lack of proper market information and absence of post-harvest infrastructure. As we all know that hilly regions are gradually diversified in favour of fruits and vegetables, different flower plants and forest trees production but, due to scarcity of proper transportation, lack of postharvest infrastructure, under-developed supporting institutions, industries, undulating topography, lack of innovative technologies etc. the growth potential of hill agriculture is still remained unexploited. Therefore, strengthening of markets, innovative marketing techniques and boosting on-line trading can help in a big way for solving the problems of marketing in hills.

GRAZING STUDIES FOR GRASSLAND SHEEP SYSTEMS AT THE HILL FARMING RESEARCH ORGANISATION, U.K.

1984 ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
J. Hodgson ◽  
T.J. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Research Organisation ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Hill

Studies in the UK on continuously stocked swards dominated by perennial ryegrass show that both net herbage production and lamb output per hectare are maximised when herbage mass is maintained at 1200-I 500 kg OM/ha (3-5 cm surface height) during the main season of growth. The use of this information to define sward management objectives is outlined, and the incorporation of these objectives into the spring and summer phases of a grassland sheep enterprise is illustrated

Pathways ahead for New Zealand hill country farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Hill

This paper provides a stocktake of the status of hill country farming in New Zealand and addresses the challenges which will determine its future state and performance. It arises out of the Hill Country Symposium, held in Rotorua, New Zealand, 12-13 April 2016. This paper surveys people, policy, business and change, farming systems for hill country, soil nutrients and the environment, plants for hill country, animals, animal feeding and productivity, and strategies for achieving sustainable outcomes in the hill country. This paper concludes by identifying approaches to: support current and future hill country farmers and service providers, to effectively and efficiently deal with change; link hill farming businesses to effective value chains and new markets to achieve sufficient and stable profitability; reward farmers for the careful management of natural resources on their farm; ensure that new technologies which improve the efficient use of input resources are developed; and strategies to achieve vibrant rural communities which strengthen hill country farming businesses and their service providers. Keywords: farming systems, hill country, people, policy, productivity, profitability, sustainability

scholarly journals Agricultural Polices To Enhance The Development Of Fruit And Vegetable Subsectors In Uzbekistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shavkat Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Cis Countries

Uzbekistan’s fertile land is highly suitable for growing fruits and vegetables, making it one of the main producers among the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. The location of Uzbekistan also provides a ready access to the growing Central Asian and Russian consumer markets. Since its independence, the country implemented a number of agricultural policies targeted at the development of agricultural sector, comprising institutional and structural reforms. The aim of the study is to review the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan and to identify the major constraints to the development of fruits and vegetables subsectors. In doing this, the objective is to put forward policy recommendations for the development of these sector. Fruit and vegetables supply chain potential of the Samarkand region is the key topic of investigation. The recent reforms have provided opportunities for liberalization in agricultural production, especially for the fruit and vegetable subsectors. Yet, modernization of agriculture per se and of the marketing system in Uzbekistan remain areas requiring continued attention for the overall sectorial development. Based on the analysis, the paper provides policy suggestions for implementation. Specific recommendations are outlined pertaining to the identified key constraints; namely, pertaining to agricultural production and productivity, quality of land resources, irrigation, reforms, R&D, and agricultural marketing.

Political Economy of Farm Loan Waivers in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srirang Jha ◽  
Amiya Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Shyam S. Lodha
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
National Income ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
The Media ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come

Political leadership of various states in India is under tremendous pressure to provide instant relief to the farmers reeling under debt trap, resulting in suicides in several cases. Often, suicides by peasants are widely covered in the media which in turn sway the people’s perception about apparent indifference of the government towards the farming communities of the country. This certainly brings in concerns related to political economy revolving around judicious distribution of wealth and national income of the country. State governments of India are generally reluctant to waive off the farm loans as a matter of routine due to concomitant burden on exchequer that might adversely affect their fiscal balances. However, political parties tend to use farm loan waiver as tactics to come to power in spite of the fact that such populist measures are not good for the economy, nor do they offer a long-term solution to the age-old problem of higher degree of incidence of indebtedness among the farming communities. This article explores the antecedents and consequences of farm loan waivers and the way forward. Besides, it also reconnoitres whether the state takes such decisions as farm loan waiver purely on the basis of economics or any hidden political agenda.

Wild edible fruits and vegetables of Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Harish Bharti ◽  
Kusum ◽  
Jagdeep Verma
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Wild Edible Fruits

Sheep production systems in the hills

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. McClelland ◽  
R. H. Armstrong ◽  
J. R. Thompson ◽  
T. L. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
The Hill

AbstractFollowing the evolution of the “Two Pasture System” of hill sheep management by the Hill Farming Research Organisation (HFRO) at their Sourhope and Lephinmore stations, the model was adopted by the Agricultural Development and Advisory Service at Redesdale experimental husbandry farm (EHF) and by the Scottish Agricultural Colleges at the West College Hill Farm of Kirkton in West Perthshire. At the time, the ADAS Pwllpeiran EHF in mid-Wales was engaged in an exercise based on the traditional Welsh management system in which ewes are kept on enclosed better grazings from tupping until after lambing and then ewes and lambs are summered on the hill.The paper describes the developments at Sourhope, Redesdale, Kirkton and Pwllpeiran from the mid/late 1960's until the present time (1980 for Kirkton). The four farms differ considerably in climate, topography, soil type, vegetation and size. In all cases, however, between 20-30% of the total resource was subjected to some degree of pasture improvement over the course of the development. In the case of Kirkton and Sourhope, 9% of the resource was reseeded, whilst at Redesdale the corresponding figure was 17%. At Pwllpeiran, most of the improvement involved surface treatment but of a fairly costly nature almost equal to that of reseeding.In all cases, the improved pasture was used to provide ewe and lamb grazing during lactation and ewe grazing around mating and lambing. Supplementary feed inputs per ewe during late pregnancy increased significantly on all farms. There was an increase in ewe numbers carried, being 99, 139, 42 and 3% greater for Sourhope, Redesdale, Kirkton and Pwllpeiran, respectively. Weaning percentages (lambs weaned per 100 ewes put to the ram) also increased, by 26, 48, 48 and 36% for Sourhope, Redesdale, Kirkton and Pwllpeiran, respectively. Taken together, there was a significant corresponding increase in the number of lambs weaned of the order of 121, 297, 129 and 47%.Lamb weaning weights were improved in all cases in spite of increased twinning. This weight increase was most significant at Pwllpeiran where a major effort had been made to change breed type with the specific purpose of producing a heavier lamb.Gross margin data were available for Sourhope, Redesdale and Kirkton and when plotted on a per ewe and per hectare basis follow remarkably similar pathways over the development for the three centres. The gross margin figures per ewe, when discounted to base, show no significant increase and in some cases were reduced up until the introduction of the EEC sheep meat regime in 1981, after which time significant real increases occurred for those developments still in progress (Sourhope and Redesdale). The real increase there occurred as a result of increased stocking rate. On Pwllpeiran, however, where stocking rate increase was low, it is still considered that the exercise was profitable as measured by Internal Rate of Return.The various increases confirm that investment in land improvement, coupled with an enlightened approach to sheep management, has improved the overall efficiency of pasture utilisation and economic viability.

The bracken problem in the Highlands and Islands

1982 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Ideal

SynopsisThe only serious attempt to quantify the area of bracken in Scotland took place in 1957. At that time the Department of Agriculture for Scotland, through the medium of the June Agricultural Census, asked farmers to assess the area of bracken on each holding.The survey produced a figure of 187,500 ha of bracken-infested land throughout Scotland, of which some 50% was found in the Central, North and West Highland counties of Perth, Inverness and Argyll. One quarter (46,875 ha) of the Scottish total was located on the mainland and islands of Argyll.Distribution is governed to a great extent by the soil type, exposure and rainfall, with the free-draining slopes of brown soil on the lower hill faces and glen sides providing the ideal habitat for the plant. The poorly drained acid peat as found over much of the Highland areas is an unsuitable medium for bracken growth but thin peat overlying mineral soil may be subject to bracken encroachment.The crux of the problem lies in the imbalance of brown soils to peat land.The limited areas of the mineral soils, which are located on the accessible lower slopes, have a marked potential for improved grazing and, by virtue of better drainage, are capable of more complete utilisation in an intensive stocking system.Bracken control and subsequent grass sward establishment can form the key to greatly increased levels of productivity. This is illustrated by detailed reference to one farm in Argyll where over the past five years an attempt has been made to operate the Hill Farming Research Organization (H.F.R.O.) concept of a Two Pasture System.

scholarly journals Study of Microbial Contamination in Local Fruits and Vegetables Samples of Solan, Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pathania Singh Mamta ◽  
Sushila Negi ◽  
Bhardwaj Payal
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Food Microbiology ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Complete Identification ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Hygienic Conditions ◽  
Alternaria Alternate

Food Microbiology is the study of food micro-organisms. In the present study, we have chosen to isolate and identify bacteria and fungus from various fruits and vegetables. The various fruits had been collected from local market of Solan (H.P). After the complete identification, the isolated microorganism was identified as bacteria i.e. Enterobacter, Xanthomonas, Erwinia, Acidovoraxavenae, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus and fungus i.e. Cercospora mamaoms, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Alternaria alternate, Aspergillus niger. Chances of contamination can be reduced by the good hygienic conditions.

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