Modeling the relationship among energy demand, CO2 emissions and economic development: A survey for the case of Greece

<p>The purpose of this paper is to offer an initial presentation and classification of the methodological approaches used to analyzing energy demand, related CO2 emissions and economic development for countries, regions and subsequently to provide for an extended survey of related articles for the case-study of Greece that identified 48 scientific publications. It was found that all three main existent methodological analytical schemes, namely ‘Top-down’ models, Econometric methods and Decomposition Analysis methods, have been applied to model energy, environmental and macro-economic variables for Greece. Specific application areas included sectoral (industrial, transport, tourism, manufacturing, residential and electricity) energy demand and related CO2 emissions, energy prices and energy taxation. The paper culminates to a comprehensive comparison of employed methods and obtained results for Greece and conclusions.</p>

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Driving Forces of Energy-Related CO2 Emissions Based on Expanded IPAT Decomposition Analysis: Evidence from ASEAN and Four Selected Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12040764 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 764 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jaruwan Chontanawat

Keyword(s):

Population Growth ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Use ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Global Climate ◽

Decomposition Analysis ◽

Driving Factors ◽

Carbon Intensity ◽

Rapid Urbanization

ASEAN is a dynamic and diverse region which has experienced rapid urbanization and population growth. Their energy demand grew by 60% in the last 15 years. In 2013, about 3.6% of global greenhouse-gas emissions was emitted from this region and the share is expected to rise substantially. Hence, a better understanding of driving forces of the changes in CO2 emissions is important to tackle global climate change and develop appropriate policies. Using IPAT combined with variance analysis, this study aims to identify the main driving factors of CO2 emissions for ASEAN and four selected countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand) during 1971–2013. The results show that population growth and economic growth were the main driving factors for increasing CO2 emissions for most of the countries. Fossil fuels play an important role in increasing CO2 emissions, however the growth in emissions was compensated by improved energy efficiency and carbon intensity of fossil energy. The results imply that to decouple energy use from high levels of emissions is important. Proper energy management through fuel substitution and decreasing emission intensity through technological upgrades have considerable potential to cut emissions.

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Analysis of the Reduction of CO2 Emissions in Urban Environments by Replacing Conventional City Buses by Electric Bus Fleets: Spain Case Study

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12030525 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 525 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Edwin R. Grijalva ◽

José María López Martínez

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Vital Role ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Electric Bus

The emissions of CO2 gas caused by transport in urban areas are increasingly serious, and the public transport sector plays a vital role in society, especially when considering the increased demands for mobility. New energy technologies in urban mobility are being introduced, as evidenced by the electric vehicle. We evaluated the positive environmental effects in terms of CO2 emissions that would be produced by the replacement of conventional urban transport bus fleets by electric buses. The simulation of an electric urban bus conceptual model is presented as a case study. The model is validated using the speed and height profiles of the most representative route within the city of Madrid—the C1 line. We assumed that the vehicle fleet is charged using the electric grid at night, when energy demand is low, the cost of energy is low, and energy is produced with a large provision of renewable energy, principally wind power. For the results, we considered the percentage of fleet replacement and the Spanish electricity mix. The analysis shows that by gradually replacing the current fleet of buses by electric buses over 10 years (2020 to 2030), CO2 emissions would be reduced by up to 92.6% compared to 2018 levels.

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Residential Energy-Related CO2 Emissions in China’s Less Developed Regions: A Case Study of Jiangxi

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12052000 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 2000 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yong Yang ◽

Junsong Jia ◽

Chundi Chen

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Energy Structure ◽

Residential Energy ◽

Rural Regions ◽

Residential Sector ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Difference

The residential sector is the second-largest consumer of energy in China. However, little attention has been paid to reducing the residential CO2 emissions of China’s less developed or undeveloped regions. Taking Jiangxi as a case study, this paper thus aims at fully analyzing the difference of the residential energy-related CO2 emissions between urban and rural regions based on the Log-Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and Tapio decoupling model. The main results are showed as follows: (1) Since 2008, residential energy-related CO2 emissions have increased rapidly in both urban and rural Jiangxi. From 2000 to 2017, the residential energy-related CO2 emissions per capita in rural regions rapidly increased and exceeded that in urban regions after 2015. Furthermore, the residential energy structures had become multiple in both urban and rural regions, but rural regions still had room to optimize its energy structure. (2) Over the study period, consumption expenditure per capita played the dominant role in increasing the residential energy-related CO2 emissions in both urban and rural regions, followed by energy demand and energy structure. Energy price had the most important effect on decreasing the urban and rural residential energy-related CO2 emissions, followed by the carbon emission coefficient. However, urbanization increased the urban residential energy-related CO2 emissions but decreased the CO2 emissions in rural regions. Population made marginal and the most stable contribution to increase the residential energy-related CO2 emissions both in urban and rural regions. (3) Overall, the decoupling status showed the weak decoupling (0.1) and expansive negative decoupling (1.21) in urban and rural regions, respectively.

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Integrated Urban Energy Planning: A Case-Study Using Optimization

10.3233/faia210268 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jingbo Guo ◽

Côme Bissuel ◽

Francois Courtot

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Optimal Solution ◽

Energy Planning ◽

Optimization Approach ◽

Energy Prices ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Planning Optimization ◽

Urban Energy

This article describes an integrated energy planning optimization case-study. Starting from an integrated urban energy planning practice based on the urban planning information, an optimization approach is implemented to support decisions on suitable energy structures. Based on a use-case, energy demand, renewable energy resources, energy policy and energy prices are analyzed and set as inputs of the optimization. The results are energy structures minimizing the cost for two separated zones. Meanwhile, under different scenarios, in terms of renewable ratio targets and thermal storage, comparison is made for illustrating economy differences. The optimization mentioned in the article is modelled as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problem, which can search the optimal solution with high efficiency among the possible system designs.

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Impact of Shape Factor on Energy Demand, CO2 Emissions and Energy Cost of Residential Buildings in Cold Oceanic Climates: Case Study of South Chile

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13179491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 9491

Author(s):

Manuel Carpio ◽

David Carrasco

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Shape Factor ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Thermal Transmittance ◽

Energy Demands ◽

Oceanic Climate ◽

The Impact

The increase in energy consumption that occurs in the residential sector implies a higher consumption of natural resources and, therefore, an increase in pollution and a degradation of the ecosystem. An optimal use of materials in the thermal envelope, together with efficient measures in the passive architectural design process, translate into lower energy demands in residential buildings. The objective of this study is to analyse and compare, through simulating different models, the impact of the shape factor on energy demand and CO2 emissions depending on the type of construction solution used in the envelope in a cold oceanic climate in South Chile. Five models with different geometries were considered based on their relationship between exposed surface and volume. Additionally, three construction solutions were chosen so that their thermal transmittance gradually complied with the values required by thermal regulations according to the climatic zone considered. Other parameters were equally established for all simulations so that their comparison was objective. Ninety case studies were obtained. Research has shown that an appropriate design, considering a shape factor suitable below 0.767 for the type of cold oceanic climate, implies a decrease in energy demand, which increased when considering architectural designs in the envelope with high values of thermal resistance.

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Arguments Used for Restricting International Real Property Transactions: Case Study of Latvia

Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management ◽

10.1515/bjreecm-2017-0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 62-75

Author(s):

Jānis Viesturs ◽

Armands Auziņš ◽

Tatjana Štaube

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Foreign Investment ◽

Significant Decline ◽

Real Property ◽

Scientific Publications ◽

Current Step ◽

Wide Range ◽

Political Economic

Abstract There is a wide range of factors - political, economic, legal, etc., which either limit or promote international real property transactions. It is considered that real property alienation to foreigners enhances foreign investment and economic development, however, some countries tend to limit such transactions. The current research provides a scientific view to reveal the reasons why certain countries impose different kinds of restrictions on international real property transactions. The objectives of this publication are: 1) to find out and analyse the existing arguments and reasons for limiting international real property transactions; 2) to determine the number and volume of international real property transactions in Latvia; 3) to identify the main argumentation for the current step and significant decline of international real property transactions in Latvia. Empirical analysis based on the review of scientific publications, statistical and comparative analysis of real property transactions are the main methods employed for this research.

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Primary energy and CO2 emissions for a district city and a suburb

Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1515/sspjce-2018-0020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 59-69

Author(s):

Anton Pitonak ◽

Martin Lopusniak ◽

Miloslav Bagona

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Building Energy ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

The European Union

Abstract In countries of the European Union, the proportion of buildings in the overall energy consumption represents 40% and their proportion in CO2 emissions 35%. Taking into account dependence of the European Union on import of energy, this represents large quantity of energy and CO2 emissions, in spite of the fact that there exist effective solutions for reduction of building energy demand. In Directive 20-20-20, the European Union adopted three main commitments of fulfillment criteria by 2020. On the basis of this directive, the Slovak Republic declares support of renovation of apartment dwelling houses. Taking into account the fact that state subsidy can be obtained only once, and energy requirements of the European Union are increasingly stricter, a comprehensive approach to renovation of buildings is inevitable. At the same time, it is inevitable to propose the renovation of buildings taking into account requirements stated for buildings for year 2020. Two areas were compared within the case study taking into account primary energy and the quantity of CO2 emissions. Both areas have the same built-up area, but one of them is a district city and the second is a suburb. From results it is obvious that the quantity of primary energy is lower by 88% in the district city than in the suburb. The quantity of CO2 emissions is lower by 69% in the district city than in the suburb.

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