scholarly journals Co-composting of meat packing wastewater sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Helminth Eggs

<p>The use of organic manures as amendments to improve soil organic matter level and long term soil fertility and productivity is gaining importance. The disposal of the great quantity of organic wastes produced by the municipal, agricultural and agroindustrial activities, is causing energetic, economic and environmental problems. Sludge composting and using them in agriculture should be a priority for their disposal. Sludge should be treated not as a waste but as a valuable non-farm sources of organic matter to soil. The composting process is a useful method of producing a stabilized material that can be used as a source of nutrients and soil conditioner in fields. The objective of this study was estimation of optimal dose of sewage sludge in composting mixture to obtain of mature and stable compost. The mixture was prepared from sewage sludge (10-40%), organic fraction of MSW(30%), grass (20-50%), sawdust as a bulking agents. Maximum temperature in the bioreactor reached 68.9&deg;C between 1st and 3rd day of composting, and the mean temperature during this period fluctuated from 36 to 46&deg;C. Later, the temperature gradually decreased and after 30 days of composting it approached ambient air temperature which means the end of process. There was significant impact of the high temperature on the rate of the process and of the extent of the hygienisation. The results show that all initial samples are infected with helminth eggs but there is a large variation in the degree of infection for the different sludge samples (102 to 256 eggs kg-1 d.m.). The inactivation of the helminth eggs in the compost can be accomplished, if the temperature inside of the reactor is sufficient as in the case M III and M IV. The final compost M III and M IV was well sanitized as a result of the high temperature achieved due to higher grass addition in those mixtures. Composts M I and M II can not be used in agriculture because of bad microbiological characteristic, however MII can be used for recultivation after hygienisation. The composted material assumed the appearance and structure similar to the so-called horticultural soil. As an exothermic process, composting caused very high loss of water in composted material. All the composts were granular, dark grey in color without foul odor and attained an ambient temperature after 30 days of composting, indicating the stable nature of composts. Additional researches are required in order to optimize the better organic and nitrogen compounds degradation during co-composting process.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of content and chemical forms of arsenic, copper, lead, and chromium in sewage sludge compost as affected by various bulking agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Mahboub Saffari ◽  
Vahid Reza Saffari ◽  
Hojatollah Khabazzadeh ◽  
Hormazd Naghavi
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Arsenic Copper ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIn current study, the effect of various organic substances as bulking agents (BAs) including wheat straw, pistachio hull wastes, and tree leaves at different levels (10, 25, 45% v/v) were investigated on total concentration and chemical forms of Cu, Pb, Cr, and As in sewage sludge (SS) compost prepared by windrow method. According to the results, the composting process (with/without BAs), due to losses of SS mass and volume, increased the total concentration of heavy metals (HMs) compared to the un-composted SS sample (RSS). Evaluation of HMs chemical forms in prepared compost sample without BAs application (CSS) showed that the composting process reduced the mobility factor of As (from 28% to 20%), Pb (from 11.6% to 9.3%), and Cr (from 14.5% to 9.2%) compared to the RSS. Application of three BAs considerably decreased the mobility factor of As (17.5-18.8%), Pb (4.8-7.9%), and Cr (1.4-6.8%) compared to CSS and RSS. Changes of Cu mobility in prepared compost samples showed an unclear trend, however in some treatments, due to transferred organic fraction into exchangeable and carbonate fractions, increasing of this factor was obvious. Generally, the composting appeared to reduce As, Pb, and Cr availability by stabilizing the three metals and making them more stable and less mobile. In addition, the BAs application effect on HMs behavior of SS compost samples were so different and no specific kind of BAs can be recommended as a superior BAs in SS composting process.

Study on the Enzyme Activity Change during the Aerobic Composting Process of Sewage Sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 706-710
Author(s):  
Jun Ling Niu ◽  
Jun Hui He
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Sludge Disposal

Compost is widely used for treating urban garbage and sewage sludge. The enzyme activity is one of the important parameters of microbial quantity and its activity intensity change in the composting process, and all of the biochemical reactions during the composting process are carried out with the enzymes involving. The composting progress and the material change are directly reflected by the enzyme activity. In Zhengzhou Bagang sludge disposal plant, sludge was mixed with straw to compost together and with the technology of high temperature solid state aerobic slot for sludge treatment. This study was done to research the tendency of peroxide enzyme activity, cellulose enzyme activity, pH, conductivity, moisture content in the process of compost. The result showed that at the beginning of the compost, cellulase activity increased first and then decreased gradually and tended to be stable. The catalase activity was higher at the beginning of the compost and at the period of temperature raising it was stable basically, then decreases quickly and after that it maintain on the lower level. The moisture content declined gradually during the composting process, and in the period of high temperature there are more moisture loss. PH increased at first, and with the temperature raised to high the pH decreased gradually and tended to be stable. Conductivity increased first, then decreased gradually to steady.

Co-composting as an oxygen stabilization of an organic fraction of municipal solid waste and industrial sewage sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1697-1706
Author(s):  
M. Milczarek ◽  
E. Neczaj ◽  
K. Parkitna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Industrial Sewage Sludge

The purpose of this work is to study the characteristics of the co-composting of municipal solid waste (MSW), sewage sludge, grass and sawdust. Differing proportions of biodegradable waste were investigated through changes of temperature, oxygen consumption, organic matters, moisture content, carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio as well as heavy metals and pathogen microorganisms content. The present study has shown that addition of MSW above 10% had a negative impact on the composting process. The initial C/N of the mixtures with a higher MSW content was below 18. Lower losses of organic matter occurred during composting for the mixture with the highest addition of MSW. Although studies have shown that composting is a good method for the disposal of organic waste additional research is required in order to optimize the organic and nitrogen compounds degradation during the co-composting process. In conclusion, a 1:4:4:1 mixture of MSW:sewage sludge:grass:sawdust is recommended because it can achieve high temperature as well as the highest organic matter degradation and highest N content in the final composting product. The concentration of heavy and light metals in all composts was within the limits of regulation of the Polish Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development.

Study on Rapid High-Efficient Composting Process of Sewage Sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2940-2943
Author(s):  
Ke Zhao ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yu Ting Zhang ◽  
Ying Ying Yin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
High Efficient

Based on the static composting process of municipal sewage sludge, the parameters of the treatment process were studied, including moisture, temperature, pH, organic matter, total phosphorus, the number of bacterial and GI(Germination Index). The decomposition of organic matter and phosphorus concentration were obvious and the amount of bacteria varied regularly. After the composting, pH, water contend, organic matter and GI all met Disposal of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant-Control standard for agricultural use.

Sewage Sludge Composting Process by Static Pile Method

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 1979-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ishii ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
M. Aoki ◽  
T. Murakami ◽  
M. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Sludge Composting

This paper reports the results of experiments on the static pile composting process undertaken in different conditions. The experiments have revealed the following:–In order to compost dewatered sludge with polymer without any bulking agents, we used recycled compost to adjust the moisture content of dewatered sludge.When the moisture content of feed mixture, which was dewatered sludges and recycled composts, was lowered to approximately 50%, the raw sludge could be composted by either natural ventilation or intermittent aeration.–When the BOD of feed mixture was lower than 50 g/kg-DS, the fermentation temperature did not reach 60°C and the moisture content of the mixture was not lowered during composting period.–The required composting time was approximately 50 days for natural ventilation (at an average temperature of 10°C or 24°C) and approximately 35 days for intermittent aeration (at an average temperature of 10°C to 24°C), when the moisture content and the BOD of finished compost was 40% or less and 30 g/kg-DS or less, respectively.–There was a highly positive correlation between the amount of water evaporated and the amount of BOD removed. This result suggested that the amount of water evaporation could be deduced from the amount of BOD removed.

scholarly journals Application of Fenton Method for the Removal of Organic Matter in Sewage Sludge at Room Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1518
Author(s):  
Yan-Jhang Chen ◽  
Tang-Yu Fan ◽  
Li-Pang Wang ◽  
Ta-Wui Cheng ◽  
Shiao-Shing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alternative Material

Cement is the most widely used construction material in the world. However, its manufacture is high energy consumption and high carbon emission owing to the high temperature calcination process. Geopolymer is an ideal alternative material for cement because it has a similar structure and performance to cement. In addition, it can be synthesized at room temperature and thus has the advantages of energy saving and carbon emission reduction. Sewage sludge (SS) can be used as raw material for geopolymer synthesis. However, the high organic matter content in SS lowers the mechanical strength of geopolymer. Although the organic matter in SS can be removed by incineration at high temperature, this consumes energy and emits carbon dioxide, which diminishes the advantages of geopolymer. In this study, the Fenton method was applied for the removal of organic matter in SS at room temperature. The parameters of the Fenton method, including the dosages of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Fe2+ reagent (FeSO4·7H2O), reaction time, and initial pH value, were investigated. The results indicated that 83.7% of the organic matter in SS could be removed at room temperature by using 5.15 M H2O2 and 5.15 mM FeSO4·7H2O at pH 7, which suggested the possibility of sewage sludge reclamation through geopolymer synthesis as an alternative material for cement toward sustainability.

Wastewater Sludge: Parasitological and Virological Contamination

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schwartzbrod ◽  
C. Mathieu ◽  
M. T. Thévenot ◽  
J. M. Baradel ◽  
L. Schwartzbrod
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Agricultural Use

Different types of sewage sludge produced during wastewater treatment and after storage of up to 5 years were analyzed for both virus and parasite eggs. Among the 145 samples examined, 87.6 % were positive for either Nematode and/or Cestode eggs. Anaerobic digestion of the sludge had little influence on the numbers of helminth eggs while conditioning with lime plus ferric chloride reduced the egg recovery. Helminth eggs were found in sludge samples stored for 1–2 or 3 years, but none were found in samples stored for 4 years or more. None of the Ascaris eggs tested were viable. Out of the 57 sludge samples examined for virus, all the biological sludges contained enterovirus, while only 44 % of the digested sludge samples and 10 % of the semi-dehydrated and conditioned (lime plus ferric chloride) sludge samples were positive for enterovirus. No virus were found in stored sludge. Epidemiological studies are necessary in order to determine any risks presented to public and animal health by the agricultural use of the sewage sludge.

Evaluating Sewage Sludge Contribution During Co-Composting Using Cause-Evidence-Impact Analysis Based on Morphological Characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pandiyan Balaganesh ◽  
VASUDEVAN MANGOTTIRI ◽  
Narayanan Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Bulking Agents ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract The methods of compost preparation from sewage sludge and their modes of application to the agricultural fields have profound impacts on the soil ecology and environment. Besides their chemical conditioning effect on soil organic matter, they also impart physical attributes to the soil texture and structure. Though it is expected that compost addition improves water holding capacity and nutrient sequestration, there is lack of clarity in correlating the outcomes with conditions of excess nutrient storage/leaching despite the benefits on crop yield. In this study, we present a systematic cause-evidence-impact relationship on the feedstock, processing and applications of co-composted organic matter. Various analytical tools were compared to elucidate the unique characteristics of co-composted sewage sludge to get a realistic understanding of the complex soil-compost interactions. Results from the spectroscopic characterization reveal the implications of selection of bulking agents and sludge pre-treatment in determination of the final quality of the compost. The results attribute significant parent material influence to the formation of well-defined porous structures. The impacts of compost quality on the soil and crop can be proactively determined in terms of elemental composition, functional groups and stability indices. Thus the present approach provides good scope for customizing compost preparations and applications to get the preferred field outputs.

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