scholarly journals Inexpensive and universal growth media for biomass production of microalgae

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Mixotrophic Conditions ◽  
Microalgae Growth

<p>New challenges for industrial microbiology and biotechnology of algae are to increase the efficiency of microalgae growth rates and decrease the cultivation costs. Algae could be cultivated in fresh water as well as in salty sea water or wastewater. Microalgae biomass can be used as a sorbent to remove microcontaminants (e.g. heavy metals, biogens) from wastewater. The obtained results showed that there is a possibility of application of a cheap and universal growing medium (Bf) despite common fertilizers: Bristol or BG-11 to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. The mixotrophic condition can be useful for cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus. The highest concentrations of algal biomass for both species were determined after the application of the Bf medium, lower after the BG-11 medium and the lowest after the Br medium in autotrophic as well as mixotrophic conditions. The number of C. vulgaris cells in mixotrophic conditions was higher than S. armatus. The utilization of cheap growing media will lowering the production costs of algal biomass on a large scale.</p>

scholarly journals PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM MICROALGAE GROWTH RATE IN HETEROTROPHIC AND MIXOTROPHIC CONDITIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. C. Morais ◽  
R. L. L. Ribeiro ◽  
K. R. Santos ◽  
D. M. Taher ◽  
A. B. Mariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Microalgae Growth

The Brazilian National Program for Biofuel Production has been encouraging diversification of feedstock for biofuel production. One of the most promising alternatives is the use of microalgae biomass for biofuel production. The cultivation of microalgae is conducted in aquatic systems, therefore microalgae oil production does not compete with agricultural land. Microalgae have greater photosynthetic efficiency than higher plants and are efficient fixing CO2. The challenge is to reduce production costs, which can be minimized by increasing productivity and oil biomass. Aiming to increase the production of microalgae biomass, mixotrophic cultivation, with the addition of glycerol has been shown to be very promising. During the production of biodiesel from microalgae there is availability of glycerol as a side product of the transesterification reaction, which could be used as organic carbon source for microalgae mixotrophic growth, resulting in increased biomass productivity. In this paper, to study the effect of glycerol in experimental conditions, the batch culture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was performed in a 2-liter flask in a temperature and light intensity controlled room. During 16 days of cultivation, the number of cells per ml was counted periodically in a Neubauer chamber. The calculation of dry biomass in the control experiment (without glycerol) was performed every two days by vacuum filtration. In the dry biomass mixotrophic experiment with glycerol concentration of 1.5 M, the number of cells was assessed similarly in the 10th and 14th days of cultivation. Through a volume element methodology, a mathematical model was written to calculate the microalgae growth rate. Was used an equation that describes the influence of irradiation and concentration of nutrients in the growth of microalgae. A simulation time of 16 days was used in the computations, with initial concentration of 0.1 g l-1. In order to compare simulation data with experimental data, we calculated the dry weight in 8 points in the course of sixteen days. In this way, it was possible to assess graphically biomass concentration versus time through the experiments and by numerical simulation. It was identified that the simulation results were consistent with the experiments and that the addition of glycerol greatly influenced the growth of microalgae. In the present analysis, the glycerol added increased 30% in biomass.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Utilizing Wastewaters for Large-Scale Microalgal Cultivation and Biofuel Productions Using Hydrothermal Liquefaction Technique: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Kumar Bagchi ◽  
Reeza Patnaik ◽  
Ramasare Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Crude Oil Production

The two major bottlenecks faced during microalgal biofuel production are, (a) higher medium cost for algal cultivation, and (b) cost-intensive and time consuming oil extraction techniques. In an effort to address these issues in the large scale set-ups, this comprehensive review article has been systematically designed and drafted to critically analyze the recent scientific reports that demonstrate the feasibility of microalgae cultivation using wastewaters in outdoor raceway ponds in the first part of the manuscript. The second part describes the possibility of bio-crude oil production directly from wet algal biomass, bypassing the energy intensive and time consuming processes like dewatering, drying and solvents utilization for biodiesel production. It is already known that microalgal drying can alone account for ∼30% of the total production costs of algal biomass to biodiesel. Therefore, this article focuses on bio-crude oil production using the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process that converts the wet microalgal biomass directly to bio-crude in a rapid time period. The main product of the process, i.e., bio-crude oil comprises of C16-C20 hydrocarbons with a reported yield of 50–65 (wt%). Besides elucidating the unique advantages of the HTL technique for the large scale biomass processing, this review article also highlights the major challenges of HTL process such as update, and purification of HTL derived bio-crude oil with special emphasis on deoxygenation, and denitrogenation problems. This state of art review article is a pragmatic analysis of several published reports related to algal crude-oil production using HTL technique and a guide towards a new approach through collaboration of industrial wastewater bioremediation with rapid one-step bio-crude oil production from chlorophycean microalgae.

scholarly journals Supplementing wastewater with NPK fertilizer as a cheap source of nutrients in cultivating live food (Chlorella vulgaris)

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulwa Mtaki ◽  
Margareth S. Kyewalyanga ◽  
Matern S. P. Mtolera
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein ◽  
Aquaculture Wastewater ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation ◽  
Dry Cell

Abstract Introduction The decline in fishery resources from the wild has led to an ever increasing focus on aquaculture in recent years. With increasing aquaculture of animal species, there is an increasing need for suitable microalgae in the production of these animals. However, cultivation of microalgae in expensive pure chemical media is one of the major challenges facing large-scale cultivation of microalgae. Purpose The present study investigated the suitability of aquaculture wastewater (AWW) supplemented with NPK (nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium) fertilizer as a cheap source of nutrient to cultivate a microalga Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). Methods C. vulgaris with an initial cell density of 0.8 × 106 cells/mL was batch cultured in AWW supplemented with NPK at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 g/L and BBM for 20 days under laboratory conditions using 2000 mL Erlenmeyer flasks. The proximate composition, chlorophyll, minerals, and vitamins analysis of C. vulgaris biomass were done using standard analytical methods. Results The highest values in optical density (4.872 ± 0.025), dry cell weight (2.858 ± 0.015 g/L), specific growth rate (0.2097 ± 0.0038 day–1), and biomass productivity (0.1701 ± 0.0007 g/L/day) were obtained in C. vulgaris grown in AWW + 1.0 NPK medium. The total chlorophyll, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content of the microalgae biomass were in the range of 0.05–0.862%, 44.062–57.089%, 17.064–23.260%, and 15.217–21.896%, respectively. Furthermore, microalgae grown in AWW + 1.0 NPK showed good vitamin and mineral content compared to BBM grown alga. Conclusion These findings indicated that the AWW + 0.1 NPK, AWW + 0.5 NPK, and AWW + 1.0 NPK are potential growth media for C. vulgaris cultivation and can replace the BBM medium, which is very expensive and less accessible to users.

STUDY AND CHARACTERIZATION GROWTH OF FOUR MICROALGAE SPECIES AND TEST ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Jurnal Zarah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Marniati Salim
Keyword(s):  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Chaetoceros Calcitrans

Abstract In this study to the growth characteristics of microalgae (Dunaliella salina, Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetrasel mis chuii & Chaetoceros calcitrans), in different mediums, namely Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM) and BBM modification of sea water. The results obtained from microalgae (N.oculata, T.chuii, C.calcitrans) are better grown on BBM media while microlaga D.salina grows well on BBM modification of sea water. Microalgae biomass is extracted by maceration method in hexane and methanol solvents. Test bacteria used gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli). Inhibitory zone diameter results were compared with antimicrobial sensitivity tests according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). From the results of microalgae hexane and methanol extract antibacterial activity tests (D.salina, N.oculata, T.chuii, C.calcitrans) showed that the extract was not too sensitive to inhibit bacterial growth.   Keywords: microalgae, medium, antimicrobial

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Euglena gracilis-Associated Bacteria, Enterobacter sp. CA3 and Emticicia sp. CN5, Capable of Promoting the Growth and Paramylon Production of E. gracilis under Mixotrophic Cultivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Rubiyatno ◽  
Kazuhiro Mori ◽  
Daisuke Inoue ◽  
Sunah Kim ◽  
Jaecheul Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Mixotrophic Culture ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Value Functional ◽  
Mixotrophic Conditions ◽  
Microalgae Growth

Euglena gracilis produces paramylon, which is a feedstock for high-value functional foods and nutritional supplements. The enhancement of paramylon productivity is a critical challenge. Microalgae growth-promoting bacteria (MGPB) can improve microalgal productivity; however, the MGPB for E. gracilis remain unclear. This study isolated bacteria capable of enhancing E. gracilis growth and paramylon production under mixotrophic conditions. Enterobacter sp. CA3 and Emticicia sp. CN5 were isolated from E. gracilis grown with sewage-effluent bacteria under mixotrophic conditions at pH 4.5 or 7.5, respectively. In a 7-day E. gracilis mixotrophic culture with glucose, CA3 increased E. gracilis biomass and paramylon production 1.8-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively (at pH 4.5), or 1.9-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively (at pH 7.5). CN5 increased E. gracilis biomass and paramylon production 2.0-fold and 4.1-fold, respectively (at pH 7.5). However, the strains did not show such effects on E. gracilis under autotrophic conditions without glucose. The results suggest that CA3 and CN5 promoted both E. gracilis growth and paramylon production under mixotrophic conditions with glucose at pH 4.5 and 7.5 (CA3) or pH 7.5 (CN5). This study also provides an isolation method for E. gracilis MGPB that enables the construction of an effective E. gracilis–MGPB-association system for increasing the paramylon yield of E. gracilis.

scholarly journals Extraction of short chain chitooligosaccharides from fungal biomass and their use as promoters of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Crosino ◽  
Elisa Moscato ◽  
Marco Blangetti ◽  
Gennaro Carotenuto ◽  
Federica Spina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Major Interest

AbstractShort chain chitooligosaccharides (COs) are chitin derivative molecules involved in plant-fungus signaling during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions. In host plants, COs activate a symbiotic signalling pathway that regulates AM-related gene expression. Furthermore, exogenous CO application was shown to promote AM establishment, with a major interest for agricultural applications of AM fungi as biofertilizers. Currently, the main source of commercial COs is from the shrimp processing industry, but purification costs and environmental concerns limit the convenience of this approach. In an attempt to find a low cost and low impact alternative, this work aimed to isolate, characterize and test the bioactivity of COs from selected strains of phylogenetically distant filamentous fungi: Pleurotus ostreatus, Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Trichoderma viride. Our optimized protocol successfully isolated short chain COs from lyophilized fungal biomass. Fungal COs were more acetylated and displayed a higher biological activity compared to shrimp-derived COs, a feature that—alongside low production costs—opens promising perspectives for the large scale use of COs in agriculture.

Concrete Strength and Deformation Property under Sea Water Erosion Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 2554-2559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Cai ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Wei Cui ◽  
Shou Shan Chen ◽  
Pu Lun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Deformation Property ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Strength And Deformation ◽  
Erosion Environment

In order to effectively assess the concrete strength and deformation property under sea water erosion environment, concrete stress and strain curve was researched with the number of wet and dry cycle of 0 times, 10 times , 20 times, 30 times, 40 times, 50 times and 60 times based on the large-scale static and dynamic stiffness servo test set. The stress - strain curves of concrete was tested for the lateral pressure 10.8MPa, 14.4MPa, and 18.8MPa at different dry-wet cycles, The failure modes and superficial cracking characteristics of specimens are reported at different dry-wet cycles. Concrete elastic modulus and compressive strength were researched. Based on concrete mechanical theory , the classic Kufer-Gerstle strength criteria of concrete was used, a large number of test samples of multivariate data were nonlinear regressed, a biaxial concrete strength criterion was established taking into account the stress ratio and the number of dry-wet cycles.

scholarly journals Growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris in different growth media

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1427-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHIAS A. CHIA ◽  
ANA T. LOMBARDI ◽  
MARIA DA GRACA G. MELAO
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
The Cost

The need for clean and low-cost algae production demands for investigations on algal physiological response under different growth conditions. In this research, we investigated the growth, biomass production and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris using semi-continuous cultures employing three growth media (LC Oligo, Chu 10 and WC media). The highest cell density was obtained in LC Oligo, while the lowest in Chu medium. Chlorophyll a, carbohydrate and protein concentrations and yield were highest in Chu and LC Oligo media. Lipid class analysis showed that hydrocarbons (HC), sterol esthers (SE), free fatty acids (FFA), aliphatic alcohols (ALC), acetone mobile polar lipids (AMPL) and phospholipids (PL) concentrations and yields were highest in the Chu medium. Triglyceride (TAG) and sterol (ST) concentrations were highest in the LC Oligo medium. The results suggested that for cost effective cultivation, LC Oligo medium is the best choice among those studied, as it saved the cost of buying vitamins and EDTA associated with the other growth media, while at the same time resulted in the best growth performance and biomass production.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of Solar-Driven Steam Gasification of Biomass for Large-Scale Hydrogen Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Houssame Boujjat ◽  
Sylvain Rodat ◽  
Stéphane Abanades
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Land Cost

Solar biomass gasification is an attractive pathway to promote biomass valorization while chemically storing intermittent solar energy into solar fuels. The economic feasibility of a solar gasification process at a large scale for centralized H2 production was assessed, based on the discounted cash-flow rate of return method to calculate the minimum H2 production cost. H2 production costs from solar-only, hybrid and conventional autothermal biomass gasification were evaluated under various economic scenarios. Considering a biomass reference cost of 0.1 €/kg, and a land cost of 12.9 €/m2, H2 minimum price was estimated at 2.99 €/kgH2 and 2.48 €/kgH2 for the allothermal and hybrid processes, respectively, against 2.25 €/kgH2 in the conventional process. A sensitivity study showed that a 50% reduction in the heliostats and solar tower costs, combined with a lower land cost of below 0.5 €/m2, allowed reaching an area of competitiveness where the three processes meet. Furthermore, an increase in the biomass feedstock cost by a factor of 2 to 3 significantly undermined the profitability of the autothermal process, in favor of solar hybrid and solar-only gasification. A comparative study involving other solar and non-solar processes led to conclude on the profitability of fossil-based processes. However, reduced CO2 emissions from the solar process and the application of carbon credits are definitely in favor of solar gasification economics, which could become more competitive. The massive deployment of concentrated solar energy across the world in the coming years can significantly reduce the cost of the solar materials and components (heliostats), and thus further alleviate the financial cost of solar gasification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document