scholarly journals Tourism Companies and Animal Welfare

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Peter Jones ◽  
Daphne Comfort
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Corporate Commitment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Agendas

Animals play an important role in a wide range of tourism activities, and animal welfare is an increasingly important issue within the tourist industry. While there is a growing volume of research on animal welfare within tourism, little work has been published in the academic literature on how tourism companies address animal welfare. This exploratory paper looks to add to, and extend, that literature by providing a review of how seven tourism companies. have publicly addressed animal welfare. The paper reveals that four themes: corporate commitment to animal welfare; policies on specific animals and on experiences and contacts with animals; the role of various stakeholders in the value chain in addressing animal welfare; and monitoring and audit processes, illustrated the companies approach to animal welfare. The authors also raise a number of wider issues and offers some suggestions for future research agendas. Keywords: animal welfare, animal welfare statements, tourism companies, stakeholders, auditing

scholarly journals A review of fast-food companies' approaches to animal welfare

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jones ◽  
Daphne Comfort
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Corporate Commitment ◽  
Corporate Websites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this review paper is to extend the literature on animal welfare in the hospitality industry by exploring how some of the major fast-food companies have publicly addressed this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews, and reflects on, the animal welfare statements and policies posted on the Internet by five major fast-food companies, namely, Yum! Brands, Restaurant Brands International, McDonald's, Domino's Pizza Group and Subway.FindingsThe findings reveal that four interlinked themes, namely, strategic corporate commitment, a focus on supply chains, policies on specific categories of animals and food products, and auditing, illustrated the selected companies approach to animal welfare. The authors also raise a number of issues about the selected companies' approaches to animal welfare including the aspirational nature of their commitments, the emphasis on regular audits, the role of external assurance in the reporting process, the role of animal welfare pressure groups and campaigns, and the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Research limitations/implicationsThe paper's empirical material is drawn from the corporate websites of five fast-food companies, but the paper has theoretical and practical implications and provides a platform for future research.Originality/valueThe paper offers a simple review of the way five major fast-food companies have addressed the issue of animal welfare.

scholarly journals Role of Insulin in Health and Disease: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6403
Author(s):  
Md Saidur Rahman ◽  
Khandkar Shaharina Hossain ◽  
Sharnali Das ◽  
Sushmita Kundu ◽  
Elikanah Olusayo Adegoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health And Disease

Insulin is a polypeptide hormone mainly secreted by β cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. The hormone potentially coordinates with glucagon to modulate blood glucose levels; insulin acts via an anabolic pathway, while glucagon performs catabolic functions. Insulin regulates glucose levels in the bloodstream and induces glucose storage in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, resulting in overall weight gain. The modulation of a wide range of physiological processes by insulin makes its synthesis and levels critical in the onset and progression of several chronic diseases. Although clinical and basic research has made significant progress in understanding the role of insulin in several pathophysiological processes, many aspects of these functions have yet to be elucidated. This review provides an update on insulin secretion and regulation, and its physiological roles and functions in different organs and cells, and implications to overall health. We cast light on recent advances in insulin-signaling targeted therapies, the protective effects of insulin signaling activators against disease, and recommendations and directions for future research.

scholarly journals A Brief Taxonomy of Hybrid Intelligence

Forecasting ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-643
Author(s):  
Niccolo Pescetelli
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hybrid Intelligence ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Problem Solvers

As artificial intelligence becomes ubiquitous in our lives, so do the opportunities to combine machine and human intelligence to obtain more accurate and more resilient prediction models across a wide range of domains. Hybrid intelligence can be designed in many ways, depending on the role of the human and the algorithm in the hybrid system. This paper offers a brief taxonomy of hybrid intelligence, which describes possible relationships between human and machine intelligence for robust forecasting. In this taxonomy, biological intelligence represents one axis of variation, going from individual intelligence (one individual in isolation) to collective intelligence (several connected individuals). The second axis of variation represents increasingly sophisticated algorithms that can take into account more aspects of the forecasting system, from information to task to human problem-solvers. The novelty of the paper lies in the interpretation of recent studies in hybrid intelligence as precursors of a set of algorithms that are expected to be more prominent in the future. These algorithms promise to increase hybrid system’s resilience across a wide range of human errors and biases thanks to greater human-machine understanding. This work ends with a short overview for future research in this field.

Modern Downsizing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1970-1983
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Wojtkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Strategic Option ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Points Of View

The aim of the chapter is to present the concept of downsizing from different points of view: as a strategic option, as a management tool and as a phenomenon. It describes the evolution of the term, its definitions, and different directions of development. A scale and possible outcomes are described on the basis of financial analysis; however it also discusses the role of non-financial aspects. The chapter points out reasons, aims and a wide range of tools that may be used during implementation of downsizing. One of the conclusions of the chapter is to present future research directions aiming at increasing knowledge of managers and providing them with detailed good practices.

scholarly journals How to SHIFT Consumer Behaviors to be More Sustainable: A Literature Review and Guiding Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine White ◽  
Rishad Habib ◽  
David J. Hardisty
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumer Behaviors ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Individual Self

Highlighting the important role of marketing in encouraging sustainable consumption, the current research presents a review of the academic literature from marketing and behavioral science that examines the most effective ways to shift consumer behaviors to be more sustainable. In the process of the review, the authors develop a comprehensive framework for conceptualizing and encouraging sustainable consumer behavior change. The framework is represented by the acronym SHIFT, and it proposes that consumers are more inclined to engage in pro-environmental behaviors when the message or context leverages the following psychological factors: Social influence, Habit formation, Individual self, Feelings and cognition, and Tangibility. The authors also identify five broad challenges to encouraging sustainable behaviors and use these to develop novel theoretical propositions and directions for future research. Finally, the authors outline how practitioners aiming to encourage sustainable consumer behaviors can use this framework.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Carter ◽  
Maryanne L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Operational Sex Ratio ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Female Competition ◽  
Mate Poaching ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mate Copying

This handbook has presented a wide range of theoretical perspectives on the motivations, attitudes, and behaviors involved in female competition. Using a metatheoretical framework, the contributors have examined how, when, and why women compete. This conclusion articulates the book’s main themes, beginning with evidence regarding women as active, competitive individuals and the value of mating information, addressing topics such as women’s competitive choices regarding mate copying, mate poaching, and mate retention. It then considers the role of intrasexual aggression in adolescence in relation to dating and reproduction, the importance of Operational Sex Ratio (OSR) to female competition, the concept of cooperative mothering or allomothering, and infanticide. It also discusses women as competitors in both traditional and novel social arenas as well as the role of women’s physiology in their competitive behaviors. Finally, it suggests directions for future research on topics that warrant further scrutiny.

scholarly journals Why Beliefs About Emotion Matter: An Emotion-Regulation Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Q. Ford ◽  
James J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Emotion Beliefs

The world is complicated, and we hold a large number of beliefs about how it works. These beliefs are important because they shape how we interact with the world. One particularly impactful set of beliefs centers on emotion, and a small but growing literature has begun to document the links between emotion beliefs and a wide range of emotional, interpersonal, and clinical outcomes. Here, we review the literature that has begun to examine beliefs about emotion, focusing on two fundamental beliefs, namely whether emotions are good or bad and whether emotions are controllable or uncontrollable. We then consider one underlying mechanism that we think may link these emotion beliefs with downstream outcomes, namely emotion regulation. Finally, we highlight the role of beliefs about emotion across various psychological disciplines and outline several promising directions for future research.

The Economics of Payment Cards

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Rysman ◽  
Julian Wright
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Interchange Fees ◽  
Economics Literature ◽  
Important Policy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Payment Cards ◽  
Detailed Evaluation

AbstractThis paper surveys the economics literature on payment cards, focusing on the role of interchange fees, merchant internalization, surcharging and two-sided markets. The paper aims to integrate a wide range of theoretical papers with the relevant empirical research and important policy questions. We address not only the accomplishments of the research so far, but also the most important limitations in the existing theory and gaps where future research should be directed. Drawing on the insights developed, we provide a detailed evaluation of different policy options.

scholarly journals Unconscious influences on decision making: A critical review

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben R. Newell ◽  
David R. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cognitive Unconscious

AbstractTo what extent do we know our own minds when making decisions? Variants of this question have preoccupied researchers in a wide range of domains, from mainstream experimental psychology (cognition, perception, social behavior) to cognitive neuroscience and behavioral economics. A pervasive view places a heavy explanatory burden on an intelligent cognitive unconscious, with many theories assigning causally effective roles to unconscious influences. This article presents a novel framework for evaluating these claims and reviews evidence from three major bodies of research in which unconscious factors have been studied: multiple-cue judgment, deliberation without attention, and decisions under uncertainty. Studies of priming (subliminal and primes-to-behavior) and the role of awareness in movement and perception (e.g., timing of willed actions, blindsight) are also given brief consideration. The review highlights that inadequate procedures for assessing awareness, failures to consider artifactual explanations of “landmark” results, and a tendency to uncritically accept conclusions that fit with our intuitions have all contributed to unconscious influences being ascribed inflated and erroneous explanatory power in theories of decision making. The review concludes by recommending that future research should focus on tasks in which participants' attention is diverted away from the experimenter's hypothesis, rather than the highly reflective tasks that are currently often employed.

The Media and Sports Corruption: An Outline of Sociological Understanding

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Numerato
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

This article focuses on the role of the media in the processes of diffusion, maintenance, and undermining of corruption in sports, particularly soccer. Drawing chiefly on various illustrative examples of several recent cases of corruption and the existing academic literature on the topic, the article demonstrates how the media function as both an enemy and a facilitator of corruption in sports. Both micro- and macrosocial analytical dimensions for potential future research on the relationship between the media and corruption are proposed and discussed.

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