scholarly journals MODERN BELIGERATIVE RELIEF (ON THE EXAMPLE OF YAVORIV MILITARY TRAINING GROUND OF LVIV REGION)

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-229
Author(s):  
Galyna Bayrak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Open Structures ◽  
Loose Sediments ◽  
The Military

The author establishes the types of relief created for military purposes (beligerative) and analyzes its morphology. The territory of the Yavoriv military training ground in the Lviv region, the largest in Ukraine training complex of various types and kinds of troops, was chosen as an example. The military training ground was established in the 30s of the twentieth century. In the past, Polish infantry, German tank divisions, Soviet troops, and nowadays Ukrainian and international ground and air forces trained here. The area of the landfill is 361.5 km2. It occupies an advantageous position in the terrain, as it is located on an elevated part of the Roztochchya Upland, where the Main European watershed passes. Loose sediments are widespread in the territory, which contribute to the creation of deep and elongated forms of beligerative relief. These are mainly quaternary alluvial sands and detritus of native rocks, aeolian and diluvial loess and sandy loams, alluvial sediments. We consider the beligerative relief as an integral part of the field military fortification. The research was performed on the base of interpretation of large-scale space images, aerial photographs and field studies. The modern beligerative relief observed at the Yavoriv military training ground was classified into positive and negative forms depending on the method of military activity. Positive forms include: 1) hills of command posts for control and surveillance, 2) hills of tank or cannon fortifications, 3) micro-hills of protection against small arms, 4) bunkers (wooden-earth defense points), 5) high-altitude targets and firing positions. Negative forms are as follows: 1) trenches of the defense line and the course of connections; 2) open structures for the protection of personnel: individual trenches, pairs, for several infantry, as well as for shooting lying down, kneeling, standing; 3) trenches for the protection of equipment and heavy artillery weapons; 4) closed structures for personnel protection: dugouts, bunkers, cracks, dugouts; 5) excavations from ruptures of artillery shells. There are more negative forms in the modern military relief. Analysis of space images from different times (1980–1990, 2000–2005, 2015–2019) and modern field observations allowed us to trace the dynamics of beligerative relief forms. The formation of new and most widespread forms occurs in the mid-80 of the twentieth century. At the end of the XX and at the beginning of the XXI century, the existing forms decline, steamrolled by exogenous processes, and new ones do not appear. New forms have been appeared since 2015, but only in small local areas. The place they appear are characterized by a significant anthropogenic transformation of the terrain, the development of exogenous processes, such as soil dispersal, desertification, erosion, oozing. Key words: beligerative (military) relief; Yavoriv military training ground (Ukraine); morphological classification.

scholarly journals Application of GIS Technologies and Aerial Photography for Geoinformation Mapping and Modelling of Relief of Agroland Landscapes

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
S. V. Pashkov ◽  
◽  
G. Z. Mazhitova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Gis Environment

The article is devoted to one of the topical applied areas of agrarian landscape research – geoinformation mapping, the development of maps and models of the topography of agricultural areas. The authors demonstrate results of works on large-scale geoinformation mapping and modeling of the topography of the oldest region of bogharic agriculture of Kazakhstan – North Kazakhstan region using methods and materials of remote sensing data and GIS technologies. The main source material in the study was a series of aerial photographs obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The site of photographing was carried out by GEOSCAN-Kazakhstan LLP with using the Geoscan-201M Agro/Geodesy aerial photography complex. Characteristics of photographing: height – 280 m, visible range – 5 cm/pixel, multispectral – 13 cm/pixel. Geoinformation data on the nature of the relief were obtained during field studies in 2018-2020. Studies were carried out at the local level on the example of agricultural area located in the north of the region within the forest and steppe arable small-circuit agrarian landscape. Based on the results of the study, an electronic vector basis and specialized attribute data of the key area in the GIS environment, a digital relief model were prepared, spatial analysis and modeling of the geomorphological device of the arable surface were performed. The importance of the work is given by a significant agrogenic transformation of the relief of the definite locality during the almost 270-year history of agriculture. A series of maps of the main characteristics and morphometric indicators of the relief, significant from the point of view of crop production intensification and the development of accurate (precision) agriculture of the region, has been worked out. As a result of the study, the methodology of large-scale geoinformation mapping and modeling of the terrain of agrolandscapes in the GIS environment based on aerial photographs from UAVs was developed and tested. The algorithm of work has been compiled, starting from field studies, completing with the development of thematic maps and morphometric analysis of the relief and nature of the surface structure of the studied area.

scholarly journals Polish presence on Belarusian lands in the twentieth century: the experience of interaction between historians of the two countries 2017–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 497-509
Author(s):  
Yuriy A. Borisenok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
Serial Publication ◽  
The University ◽  
The Military

In 2017–2020 The Center for Eastern European Studies of the University of Warsaw has published four voluminous volumes of the serial edition “Poles in Belarus” edited by the historian Tadeusz Gawin. The books reflect the results of a large-scale Polish-Belarusian scientific project, in the course of which Polish and Belarusian historians focused their attention on the problems of history that are urgent for both countries, first of all, of the twentieth century. In particular, separate volumes and scientific conferences preceding them were devoted to the Polish and Belarusian ideas of state independence in 1918–2018 and the military action of 1920 against the backdrop of political changes in the twentieth century. The uniqueness of the serial publication is that historians from Belarusian state universities and research institutes actively participated in it; this practice, in the context of a sharp deterioration in Polish-Belarusian political relations, has already become a thing of the past.

Nutrition, Genetics, and Human Performance During Military Training

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Erin Gaffney-Stomberg ◽  
James P. McClung
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Risk Biomarkers ◽  
The Military

Military personnel train and conduct operations in environments that result in exposure to multiple stressors such as caloric deprivation, physical and psychological strain, and increased energy expenditure, which have profound effects on cognitive and physical performance. The objective of this chapter is to draw on the peer-reviewed literature, including laboratory studies, applied field studies, and controlled trials conducted in the military environment to detail the contribution of nutrition and genetics to human performance and protection from injury. In summary, relevant studies indicate that nutrition status and genetic factors hold promise as risk biomarkers and intervention targets for the development of tailored solutions to optimize human performance and prevent injury during occupationally demanding tasks.

War in Social Thought

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Joas ◽  
Wolfgang Knöbl
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Original Argument

This book provides a sweeping critical history of social theories about war and peace from Thomas Hobbes to the present. It presents both a broad intellectual history and an original argument as it traces the development of thinking about war over more than 350 years—from the premodern era to the period of German idealism and the Scottish and French enlightenments, and then from the birth of sociology in the nineteenth century through the twentieth century. While focusing on social thought, the book draws on many disciplines, including philosophy, anthropology, and political science. It demonstrate the profound difficulties most social thinkers—including liberals, socialists, and those intellectuals who could be regarded as the first sociologists—had in coming to terms with the phenomenon of war, the most obvious form of large-scale social violence. With only a few exceptions, these thinkers, who believed deeply in social progress, were unable to account for war because they regarded it as marginal or archaic, and on the verge of disappearing. This overly optimistic picture of the modern world persisted in social theory even in the twentieth century, as most sociologists and social theorists either ignored war and violence in their theoretical work or tried to explain it away. The failure of the social sciences and especially sociology to understand war, the book argues, must be seen as one of the greatest weaknesses of disciplines that claim to give a convincing diagnosis of our times.

Classification of vegetation in Cucphuong National Park with the aim of large-scale mapping, Vietnam

1996 ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguen Nghia Thin ◽  
Nguen Ba Thu ◽  
Tran Van Thuy
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Dense Forest ◽  
Broad Leaved Forest ◽  
Leaved Forest

The tropical seasonal rainy evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation of the Cucphoung National Park has been classified and the distribution of plant communities has been shown on the map using the relations of vegetation to geology, geomorphology and pedology. The method of vegetation mapping includes: 1) the identifying of vegetation types in the remote-sensed materials (aerial photographs and satellite images); 2) field work to compile the interpretation keys and to characterize all the communities of a study area; 3) compilation of the final vegetation map using the combined information. In the classification presented a number of different level vegetation units have been identified: formation classes (3), formation sub-classes (3), formation groups (3), formations (4), subformations (10) and communities (19). Communities have been taken as mapping units. So in the vegetation map of the National Park 19 vegetation categories has been shown altogether, among them 13 are natural primary communities, and 6 are the secondary, anthropogenic ones. The secondary succession goes through 3 main stages: grassland herbaceous xerophytic vegetation, xerophytic scrub, dense forest.

Capture Strategy Based on a Distributed Control System for a Large-scale Space End-Effector

ROBOT ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dangyang JIE ◽  
Fenglei NI ◽  
Yisong TAN ◽  
Hong LIU ◽  
Hegao CAI
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Distributed Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Distributed Control System ◽  
End Effector

Effects of Trust and Threat Messaging on Academic Cheating: A Field Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762097751
Author(s):  
Li Zhao ◽  
Jiaxin Zheng ◽  
Haiying Mao ◽  
Xinyi Yu ◽  
Jiacheng Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Academic Integrity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Academic Cheating ◽  
College Classrooms

Morality-based interventions designed to promote academic integrity are being used by educational institutions around the world. Although many such approaches have a strong theoretical foundation and are supported by laboratory-based evidence, they often have not been subjected to rigorous empirical evaluation in real-world contexts. In a naturalistic field study ( N = 296), we evaluated a recent research-inspired classroom innovation in which students are told, just prior to taking an unproctored exam, that they are trusted to act with integrity. Four university classes were assigned to a proctored exam or one of three types of unproctored exam. Students who took unproctored exams cheated significantly more, which suggests that it may be premature to implement this approach in college classrooms. These findings point to the importance of conducting ecologically valid and well-controlled field studies that translate psychological theory into practice when introducing large-scale educational reforms.

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