scholarly journals Psycholinguistic Studies of Chinese Worldview Fragments

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Olga V. Dubkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Chinese Word ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
Mental Connections ◽  
The Russian Language

At present, fragments of the Chinese worldview are studied on the basis of theoretical and practical research developed by the Moscow Psycholinguistic School. In Russian and Chinese psycholinguistics, sufficient material has been accumulated to determine the main advantages of the free associative experiment. The problems of identifying stimulus words and interpreting reactions reflecting the Chinese picture of the world are also obvious. The free associative experiment allows us to determine the deep mental connections of the phonetic and graphic appearance of the Chinese word, represented by graphemes different from those of the Russian language, the latter having their own lexical and additional “graphic” meaning. The difficulties in learning languages of different typological systems are associated with the problems of compiling a vocabulary of stimulus words and the possibility of a multivalued interpretation of Chinese recipients’ reactions, reflecting the images of the Chinese consciousness. For this reason, it is unacceptable to transfer the “reification” of fragments of the Russian worldview to the fragments of the Chinese worldview. When compiling a vocabulary of stimulus words, one should take into account the structural and grammatical features of the Chinese word, the structure of Chinese characters and their origin, the frequency in the speech of native speakers, etc. To interpret the reactions of a free associative experiment, in addition to bilingual dictionaries, it is advisable to use various dictionaries of the Chinese language, including etymological ones. Based on the established tradition of analyzing the results of associative experiments, the author typologizes the reactions of Chinese speakers, which allows to establish the dynamics of the Chinese worldview.

scholarly journals PARAMETRIC ADJECTIVES EVALUATION OF A HUMAN FIGURE IN THE RUSSIAN PICTURE OF THE WORLD ON THE BACK OF THE CHINESE LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Zhang Hong ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Human Image ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Features

The article is devoted to the analysis of parametric adjectives of the evaluation of the human figure in the Russian language through the prism of the Chinese language. The author reveals the ethnospecific features of Russian parametric adjectives, the presence of which causes certain difficulties for native speakers of the Chinese language picture of the world. The comparative analysis of these lexical units in the two languages reveals the national-cultural features of the perception of the human image and the features of the fragments of the national linguistic picture of the world in intercultural communication.

scholarly journals “Double negation constructions” in the Russian language: lingua-didactic and lingua-cultural aspects

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Gao Yue ◽  
Natalya V. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The One ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Russian Language

Analyzing the so-called “double negation”, that is, the construction of strengthening negation, in the linguistic and didactic aspect, the authors note that in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, the construction of “double negation” is explained in two ways, depending on the native language of the students. When explaining the model, native Chinese speakers need to pay attention to the replacement of pronouns and adverbs, like все (all), всегда (always), везде (everywhere), with negative verbs to negative with the prefix ни (no): никто (nobody), никогда (never), нигде (nowhere), because the Chinese language consciousness does not accept a negative modification of the statement, normative for Russian. The article presents linguistic and conditionally-communicative exercises that contribute to the automation and introduction of this structural model into active speech. Difficulties in the development of this construction, associated precisely with its specificity, are due, according to the authors, primarily to the very possibility of strengthening the negation, its repetition, indicating the specificity of Russian linguistic and cultural consciousness. Considering the construction of “double negation” in the linguistic and culture study aspect, the authors note that its “pleonasm” indicates, on the one hand, the importance of negation for the Russian linguistic consciousness, and on the other hand, the subtle differentiation of logically comparable situations with subjects all / no, etc. Techniques for working with Russian constructions are seen in the mirror of the Chinese language.

scholarly journals The Structure of the Dictionary Entry of the Educational Linguoculturological Dictionary of Russian Paremias Against the Backdrop of Chinese Language Equivalents: Description Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-917
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Ye. Yakimenko ◽  
Xueying Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the description of structure and content peculiarities of the dictionary entry of the educational linguoculturological dictionary. The originality of the research concerns the development of the structure and semantics of the dictionary entry of the educational linguoculturological dictionary of paremias representing the concept of BUSINESS in the Russian language. The description takes into account semantic gaps of the culture that the dictionary is focused on. In this article attention is paid to cultural mental attitudes, which are expressed by Russian and Chinese language paremias. Which is why cultural settings were the subject of a linguoculturological description and were offered as one of the main parameters of the educational dictionary. It is the mental attitudes of culture that have become the subject of linguoculturological description and we offer them as one of the main elements of the educational dictionary. The object of the study is the paremias of the two languages that characterize the concepts of business, work, labor, and craft. The aim of the study is to identify and describe the general and national-specific mental attitudes of culture and their representation in the educational linguoculturological dictionary. Russian and Chinese dictionaries of paremias (e.g. the Big Dictionary of Russian Proverbs, V.M. Mokienko, T.G. Nikitina, E.K. Nikolaeva, collection of proverbs by A.I. Dal, Big Dictionary of Chinese Proverbs by Wen Duanzheng) served as the sources of the material. The analysis of bilingual linguoculturological dictionaries is carried out, which helps to identify the basic principles of constructing a dictionary article, and a model of a dictionary article of a linguoculturological educational dictionary aimed at native speakers of the Chinese language is proposed. The creation of the educational linguoculturological dictionaries will help improve the process of intercultural communication.

On the role of the anthropocentric factor in the realization of the derivational potential of names of ungulates as motivating lexical units

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Nikolay D. Golev ◽  
◽  
Irina P. Falomkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Search System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Building Behavior ◽  
Building System ◽  
Google Search ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper is dedicated to describing the word-building system of the Russian language in terms of its vocabulary. Lexical factors are discussed influencing the formation of lexical units’ potential as motivating units of word-building processes and relations and the realization of this potential in language activities. Of most interest for the authors are anthropocentric determinants, most of which are coordinating the lexical system and, through its mediation, the word-building system with the worldview of native speakers of the Russian language. The proposed model of derivational development of vocabulary provides such coordination through studying the deep-seated process of conceptualization of the words that are the potential motivators of neologisms. This study identifies the word frequency as an external manifestation of conceptualization. The frequency data were obtained from Google search system statistical data. Capturing not only usual but also occasional and potential words, this source is an effective tool for studying word-building processes and their results. This study has unveiled the interrelation between the language worldview of native speakers of Russian and their “word-building behavior” in language activities. The worldview has been found, first of all, to be determined by the pragmatic factor, which primarily influences the usage of a word in the speech reflected by its frequency. The frequency ranks lexical units due to their derivational potential and thereby provides a researcher with a reliable instrument for its study.

LEXICOGRAPHICAL PORTRAIT OF THE LEXEME «POGRYAZNUT’» (X - XVII CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Е.Ю. Долгова
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

Статья посвящена описанию глагола «погрязнуть» по лексикографическим источникам, фиксирующим словарный состав русского языка X - XVII вв. В работе используется метод лингвистического портретирования, позволяющий объединить данные этимологических и исторических словарей и увидеть динамику развития семантического, словообразовательного, сочетаемостного и стилистического потенциала языковой единицы в диахронии. В статье подробно изложены материалы этимологических и исторических словарей русского языка, приведены и описаны многочисленные варианты употребления имперфектива грязнуть и перфектива погрязнуть, зафиксированные в словарях, содержащих лексику древнерусского и старорусского периодов: гр#зъти, гр#зhти, гр#зити, гр#знqти, погрязати - погр#зти, погр#зити, погр#знqти. Установлено, что в древнерусском языке глагол гр#зноути (гр`t#знuти) имел прямое номинативное значение «погружаться, тонуть» и редко употреблялся в памятниках письменности. Многозначным и наиболее частотным был положительный, результативный член глагольной видовой пары перфектив погрязнуть (погр#зноути). В статье приведены все лексико-семантические варианты глагола и примеры словоупотреблений, зафиксированные в словарях, отражающих лексику X - XVII веков. В статье приведены синонимы и многочисленные дериваты глагола погрязнуть , в том числе рассмотрена семантика абстрактных существительных, образованных от глагола погрязнуть ( погрязение, погрязнение, погрязновение ) и отражающих влияние церковнославянского языка на книжно-письменный литературный язык древнерусского и старорусского периодов. Лексикографический портрет лексемы погрязнуть проявляет неоднозначность в трактовке некоторых значений в разные исторические периоды. Проведенный анализ позволяет сравнить значения лексемы, увидеть их отличительные особенности и сделать вывод о существовании самостоятельных стереотипных образов, существующих в сознании носителей языка в X - XVII веках. The article is devoted to the description of the verb "to wallow" from lexicographic sources that fix the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. The method of linguistic portraiture is used to combine data from etymological and historical dictionaries and see the dynamics of the development of the semantic, word-formation and stylistic potential of the language unit in the diachrony. The article details the materials of etymological and historical dictionaries of the Russian language, presents and describes numerous variants of the use of an imperfective “gryaznut’” and a perfective “pogryaznut’”, recorded in dictionaries containing the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. It has been established that in the ancient Russian language, the imperfective “gryaznut’” had a direct nominative meaning of "dive, sink" and was rarely used in monuments of writing. The multi-valued and most frequency used was the positive, effective perfective “pogryaznut’”. The article presents all lexical and semantic variants of the verb and examples of word usage recorded in dictionaries that reflect the vocabulary of the X - XVII centuries. The article presents synonyms and numerous derivatives of the verb, including the semantics of abstract nouns formed from the verb “pogryaznut’” and reflecting the influence of the Church Slavonic language on the book-written literary language of the old Russian period. The lexicographic portrait of the lexeme “pogryaznut’” shows ambiguity in the interpretation of certain meanings in different historical periods. The analysis allows us to compare the meanings of the lexeme, see their distinctive features and conclude that there are independent stereotypical images that exist in the minds of native speakers in the X - XVII centuries.

scholarly journals On Adjectival Attributives Blood, Direct, Peaceful as Components of Archaic Nominations of Friends

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Tatyana Leontyeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Spiritual Intimacy ◽  
Class Identification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Over Time ◽  
National Corpus

The article discusses the changes in collocability of the word friend over time. It notes that the works by A.S. Pushkin contain the forms, unexpected for the perception of the native speakers of the modern Russian language: blood friends, direct friend, peaceful friends. The analysis of the specified attributive combinations is carried out applying definitional, contextual, linguocultural analysis methods. The text material from the National Corpus of the Russian language is used. It is proved that the expression "blood friends" could denote "people connected by strong friendship" and "people of the same class". Physical kinship criterion has been proved to serve as a basis for cognitive understanding of spiritual intimacy and social class identification. However, the connection between primary and secondary semantics is not so direct here; it is mediated by the cultural layer – the custom of twinning, a form of artificial relationship noted among many peoples. Most examples of the usage of the phrase "direct friend" mean 'express your opinion to someone honestly, directly'. The expression "peaceful friends" is interpreted as based on a doubling of the meaning 'in a relationship of agreement'. The research results can be used in compiling dictionaries of the Russian language, and also in teaching linguistic disciplines.

scholarly journals Controversial terms in anesthesiology and intensive care

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
A. N. Kondratyev ◽  
L. M. Tsentsiper ◽  
I. S. Terehov ◽  
E. A. Nechaeva ◽  
V. A. Koryachkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Medical Vocabulary ◽  
The Russian Language

Medical vocabulary is a part of the Russian language used by the professional community. Most of the terms are borrowed from other languages and poorly understood by most native speakers. The development of medicine, in particular, anesthesiology and resuscitation, leads to the emergence of many new conditions, symptoms, syndromes and their defnitions. The latter often cause controversy among doctors. The article is devoted to some aspects of the appearance of controversial terms in anesthesiology and resuscitation to discuss them.

PROBLEMS OF LEXICAL EQUIVALENTING OF RUSSIAN PARTICLES IN A BILINGUAL DICTIONARY

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Larisa Alimpieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Bilingual Dictionary ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Bilingual Lexicography

In the process of communicative act Russian particles concurrently fulfil different functions. It makes Russian particles an important unit of functional-pragmatic sphere of the Russian language which is characterized by its national specifics and connotativity. The problem of codification of Russian particles in bilingual lexicography is complicated. The main problem at compiling a dictionary lemma is filiation (division of meanings) of Russian particles and their rendering by lexical means of a foreign language. The existing lexicographic descriptions of Russian particles in bilingual dictionaries irrelevantly reflect the structure and contents of their meanings. The aim of the article is to consider some theoretical problems of description of Russian particles by means of a second (target) language in dictionary lemmas of bilingual dictionaries.

scholarly journals Common problems of teaching russian verbs to persian language students using russian-persian bilingual dictionaries as a teaching tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
M. R. Mohammadi ◽  
M. Ahmadi ◽  
H. Baharloo ◽  
S. S. Ghalebandi
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
The Russian Language

This article studies the Russian verb and its grammatical and semantic information in three dictionaries by Klevtsova S. D., Voskanyan G.A., Ovchinnikova I.K., which are the most relevant diction-aries at present and most often used while learning the Russian language in Iranian universities. In this work the problems with which Iranian students are faced while searching verb forms in these dictionaries are considered. By comparing these dictionaries in terms of the content and information contained in each entry, the author lists the differences between these dictionaries and points out the lack of some information necessary for Iranian students to learn. It seems that updating the content of the mentioned diction-aries will not only help to optimize the Russian language learning process by Iranian students at different educational levels, but also to solve translation problems.

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