scholarly journals ETHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND SURVIVAL OF DERMACENTOR RETICULATUS FEMALES DURING EGG LAYING TIME IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Glazunov

Dermacentor reticulatus are very unstable material for cultivation, since minor changes in living conditions adversely affect the survival of ticks, as a result of which they may die or fall into diapause. It has been established that the creation of the most favorable conditions for ixodides does not provide them with stable vital activity and 11.76% of the fed females fell into diapause and died without laying eggs. It was noted that the number of eggs laid depended on the degree of saturation of the female. Thus, females with the lowest weight laid from 1245 to 2065 eggs, medium-fed females laid from 3220 to 5775 eggs, and the most saturated laid in the range of 5880–6225 eggs.Studying the features of the biorhythms of Dermacentor reticulatus mite under laboratory conditions is not only fundamental, as knowledge of the biology of ixodides, but also of practical importance, since for research purposes it is necessary to maintain a culture of ticks in sufficient quantities throughout the calendar year. One of these goals is to develop and then introduce the most effective and economically viable methods to combat them. Ixodides living in the Northern Trans-Urals are very unstable material for cultivation, and minor changes in cultivation conditions adversely affect the viability of ticks, as a result of which they may die or fall into diapause, and in most cases, without returning to active life. Given these features, researchers need to improve the laboratory culture of these arthropods.The need for experimental material and the absence of an acceptable method for cultivating the tick D. reticulatus in the autumn-winter period was the reason for our research work.

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2163-2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Edward Dudek ◽  
Amd Bonnie Soutar ◽  
Stephen S. Tobe

Aspects of egg laying by isolated Aplysia californica and egg release from ovotestis fragments were compared under laboratory conditions. The volume of eggs laid per episode increased as a function of time since the previous episode of egg laying. Egg output in vivo and egg release in vitro were maximal in autumn and minimal in spring, but a factor in the parietovisceral ganglion evoked egg release from ovotestis fragments throughout the year. These data are consistent with previous studies which have suggested that the effects of season and egg-laying history on egg laying involve substantial changes in the ovotestis.


2021 ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
П.Я. БАКЛАНОВ ◽  
А.В. МОШКОВ

В статье приводится характеристика основных этапов развития экономико-географических исследований в Тихоокеанском институте географии с момента его организации. Выделено 5 этапов и представлены наиболее важные результаты экономико-географических исследований, полученных в лаборатории территориально-хозяйственных структур за 50 лет. Научные направления исследований определялись общими задачами, решаемыми Тихоокеанским институтом географии, в первую очередь это комплексные прогнозно-географические исследования разномасштабных геосистем Дальнего Востока России в контактной зоне «суша–океан». В основу выделения этапов исследований положены изменения тем научно-исследовательской работы лаборатории. Основным направлением в течение большого периода времени было изучение разноранговых территориально-хозяйственных структур Дальнего Востока, географических, в т.ч. природно-ресурсных, и геополитических факторов их развития. Изложены основные результаты, полученные сотрудниками лаборатории на разных этапах, в т.ч. теоретических и методологических исследований географического пространства и разноранговых пространственных систем, географических и геополитических факторов формирования разноранговых территориально-хозяйственных структур, в том числе трансграничных и аква-территориальных, разработки предложений для Программ устойчивого развития регионов, методов исследования производственно-природных отношений в локальных и районных территориально-производственных системах, оценки территориальных сочетаний природных ресурсов, изучения особенностей трансформации территориально-отраслевых структур, районирования территории и прибрежной акватории Дальнего Востока и т.д. Отдельные экономико-географические исследования имеют и большое практическое значение. В первую очередь, это разработанные в лаборатории предложения для Стратегий и Программ социально-экономического развития Дальнего Востока, Приморского края, агломерации Владивостока и других территорий. The article describes the main stages in the development of economic - geographical research at the Pacific Institute of Geography (now Pacific Geographical Institute) since its organization. The authors identified five such stages and presented the most important results of economic and geographical research accomplished in their laboratory of spatial-economic structures for 50 years. Scientific directions of these researches were determined by the general tasks solved by the Pacific Geographical Institute, in first turn, comprehensive forecasting and geographical research of different-scale geosystems of the Far East of Russia in the ‘land-ocean’ contact zone. The selection of the research stages was based on changes in the topics of the laboratory’s research work. For a long time its main topic was in the studies of multi-ranked territorial and economic structures of the Far East, and geographical factors of their development including natural resource and geopolitical ones. The main research activities of the laboratory staff at different stages included theoretical and methodological studies of geographic space and different-ranked spatial systems; geographical and geopolitical factors in the formation of multi-ranked territorial and economic structures, including transboundary and aqua-territorial ones; working out of proposals to the state programs of the sustainable development of regions; methods of researching the productive-natural relations in local and regional territorial-production systems; assessing the territorial combinations of natural resources; studying the features of the transformation of territorial and sectoral structures; zoning the territory and coastal waters of the Far East, etc. Separate economic and geographical studies are also of great practical importance. In first turn, there are proposals developed in the laboratory for strategies and programs of the socio-economic development of the Far East, Primorsky Kray, Vladivostok agglomeration and other territories.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (103) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
S. B. Abbasov

The article refers to the research work carried out in recent years at the poultry farms of the Khachmaz region of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the influence of opportunistic microbes on the activities of the farm. The role of opportunistic microbes in the occurrence of certain diseases with deficiencies in the process of feeding and raising of birds, and the microclimate in poultry farms is shown. During the bacteriological examination of breeding eggs by seasons there were revealed the presence of infection in the winter season with E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus – with each infection separately 13.0 %, in the spring season with E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus – with each infection separately 20.0 %, in the autumn period with E. coli 27.0%, Salmonella 40.0 %, Staphylococcus 13.0 % and Streptococcus 13.0 %. In the course of bacteriological examination of dead embryos, the presence of infection in the winter period with E. coli 20.0 %, salmonella 30.0 %, staphylococcus 25.0 % and streptococcus 25.0 %, in the spring  season with E. coli 30.0 %, salmonella 40.0 %, staphylococcus 15.0 % and streptococcus 15.0 %, in the autumn season with E. coli 45.0 %, salmonella 55.0 % was revealed. In the autumn period, infection with staphylococci and streptococci was not detected. When studying as a whole, pseudomoniasis and mold fungi were not found.


Author(s):  
Farit Miniyarov

This chapter about how to involve students of biologists in research work, using benefits of applied zoology. The first part of the chapter provides the overview of such questions as research activity of students, methods and conditions of its forming, feature for students of biologists. The second part is devoted to the step-by-step organization of research activity according to levels of readiness of students. Much attention in this part is paid to questions of applied zoology: directions and objects of researches; structure and content of laboratory works, scientific and practical and research projects; uniform approach to use of techniques of researches in field and laboratory conditions. For assessment of results of researches and formation of research competence of students such methods as rating system, a portfolio, methods of expert estimates are offered.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin ◽  
José-Manuel del-Río ◽  
Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano

In this research work, energy simulation was used as a forecasting tool in architectural design. It includes the study of a multi-family residential building in five different climate zones of Spain, i.e., A4 (very hot climate zones), B4 (hot climate zones), C4 (moderate climate zones), D3 (cold climate zones), and E1 (very cold climate zones). The authors accomplished a sensitivity analysis in order to identify the influence of passive strategies (i.e., with regard to solar reflectance) and renewable energy (i.e., with regard to aerothermal energy) on indoor temperatures and energy demands. The increment in indoor temperatures depends on the neighboring buildings so that effect of urban contexts as a source of protection against sunlight is also considered. The increment in the albedo (i.e., the solar reflectance) of the façade during the winter period produces little differences in indoor operative temperatures. On the contrary, during the summer period, it produces large temperature differences. Therefore, it is shown that colors significantly reduce temperatures from 1.24 to 3.04 °C, which means considerable annual energy savings. This research demonstrates that solar reflectance can reduce the air indoor operative temperature down to 4.16 °C during the month of May in the coldest climate zones. As a result of the simulations, it is noted that the coldest climate zones are influenced to a greater extent by the inclusion of their urban contexts in the simulations. However, the heating demand, without considering it, becomes lower. Therefore, ignoring the urban context produces important errors in the heating analysis (12.2% in the coldest climate zones) and also in the cooling analysis (39% in the hottest climate zones). Finally, the use of renewable energy in the configuration of a model with a high urban canyon (Hc), as well as with an east–west building orientation and a low albedo produces a difference of around 76% in the cooling costs within the hottest climate zones and around 73% in the heating costs within the coldest climate zones. The results of this study can be applied as a guideline in early architectural design.


2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. TESTON ◽  
A. SPECHT ◽  
E. CORSEUIL

Larvae of Anicla infecta (Ochsenheimer, 1816) (Noctuidae) feed upon many grasses and may be harmful to cereals and fodder of economic importance. This study was developed aiming to contribute to knowledge of the biology of this species. The rearing was done in an environmental chamber with the following settings: temperature of 25 ± 1ºC; relative humidity of 70% <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 10%, and photoperiod of L14: D10. The larvae fed on ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. The results express the mean and standard error for the length of every stage in days. For each stage we observed the following time of development: egg 3.2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.09; larvae 18.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.07; pre-pupae 3.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.04; pupae 12.6 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14; and adult longevity was 12.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 1.03. Also the pre-egg-laying period was 4.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.59; the egg-laying period was 8.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.84; and the post-egg-laying period was 0.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14. The mean number of egg-laying cycles per female was 6.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.73; that of eggs per cycle was 77.5 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 4.37; and total eggs per female was 521.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 47.36.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Maria Sanz-Puig ◽  
Alejandra Arana-Lozano ◽  
M Consuelo Pina-Pérez ◽  
Pablo Fernández ◽  
Antonio Martínez ◽  
...  

Resistant bacteria to antimicrobials are increasingly emerging in medical, food industry and livestock environments. The present research work assesses the capability of Salmonella enterica var Typhimurium to become adapted under the exposure to a natural cauliflower antimicrobial by-product infusion in consecutive repeated exposure cycles. Caenorhabditis elegans was proposed as in vivo host-test organism to compare possible changes in the virulent pattern of the different rounds treated S. enterica var Typhimurium and untreated bacterial cells. According to the obtained results, S. enterica var Typhimurium was able to generate resistance against a repeated exposure to cauliflower by-product infusion 5% (w/v), increasing the resistance with the number of exposed repetitions. Meanwhile, at the first exposure, cauliflower by-product infusion was effective in reducing S. enterica var Typhimurium (≈1 log10 cycle), and S. enterica var Typhimurium became resistant to this natural antimicrobial after the second and third treatment-round and was able to grow (≈1 log10 cycle). In spite of the increased resistance observed for repeatedly treated bacteria, the present study reveals no changes on C. elegans infection effects between resistant and untreated S. enterica var Typhimurium, according to phenotypic parameters evaluation (lifespan duration and egg-laying).


Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2206 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ MARÍA LANDEIRA ◽  
FERNANDO LOZANO-SOLDEVILLA ◽  
JUAN IGNACIO GONZÁLEZ-GORDILLO

The first five zoeal stages of Plesionika narval were obtained from 15 days of laboratory culture. All larval stages are described and illustrated in detail. Zoeal characters are compared with the previous described larvae of Plesionika acanthonotus and Plesionika edwardsii and with undetermined zoeas of Pandalidae from plankton samples.


1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iltis ◽  
G. Didier ◽  
P. Lareal

Abstract This study compares the effectiveness of potassium chloride with guanidine chlorhydrate in the prevention of-clay swelling. The results given on various swelling tests on calcic montmorillonite led to the conclusions thatguanidine chlorhydrate is more effective than potassium chloride, especially in low concentrations, andwater immersion of samples treated by both solutions shows the permanent feature of the inhibitive action of guanidine chlorhydrate in swelling on one hand and the important increase in swelling of immersed samples treated by potassium chloride on the other. The viscosity measure of montmorillonite suspensions, before and after solution ion elimination by dialysis. confirms these observations. Introduction Among the grounds encountered in drilling, swelling clays are those that raise major problems for wall firmness. These clays, commonly called "gumbos," raise many problems related to swelling, dispersion, and a strong tendency of the cuttings to aggregation. These problems result from the interaction of the drilling mud with the terrain traversed. An analysis of the effectiveness of various materials used in drilling muds to stabilize clayed zones led us to focus on the action of two solutions capable of inhibiting swelling:potassium chloride. which is normally used in drilling wells, andguanidine hydrochloride, which displays a strong fixation tendency on montmorillonite. The purpose of this study is to compare the inhibitory action of these two salts and the influence of their concentration in the solutions by means of relatively simple tests. This research work is limited to treatment of a montmorillonite clay. The Material Investigated To examine the behavior of swelling clays in the presence of the two solutions selected, it would be ideal to carry out tests on samples representative of the horizons that raised problems during drilling operations. However, it is difficult to extract enough clay of stable composition from the cuttings; moreover, the clay is polluted by the drilling mud. Composition analyses of clays that are difficult to drill because of swelling showed that montmorillonite was present in all the samples investigated. Hence this study is limited to an examination of the action of KCl and guanidine hydrochloride on a previously investigated montmorillonite. The montmorillonite used was an Italian natural calcium montmorillonite, supplied untreated and finely ground. The composition analysis carried out in the Compagnie Francaise des Petroles (CFP) laboratory at Bordeaux yielded the results given in Table 1. Table 2 gives the geotechnical properties of the clay investigated. Swelling Tests of Compacted Samples Unidirectional Swelling This test was performed in the measurement cell shown in Fig. 1. The cylindrical sample was hooped laterally and its swelling measured in a single direction. The procedure was as follows.Five grams of clay dried in an oven at 100 deg. C were placed in a measurement cell.The clay was saturated by it KCl or guanidine hydrochloride solution for 24 hours (by filtration) (the degree of saturation measured on some samples after compacting was found to exceed 95%). SPEJ P. 514^


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0251100
Author(s):  
Agata Kaczmarek ◽  
Anna Katarzyna Wrońska ◽  
Mieczysława Irena Boguś ◽  
Michalina Kazek ◽  
Aleksandra Gliniewicz ◽  
...  

Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of various arthropod-borne viral (arboviral) diseases such as dengue and Zika, is a popular laboratory model in vector biology. However, its maintenance in laboratory conditions is difficult, mostly because the females require blood meals to complete oogenesis, which is often provided as sheep blood. The outermost layer of the mosquito cuticle is consists of lipids which protects against numerous entomopathogens, prevents desiccation and plays an essential role in signalling processes. The aim of this work was to determine how the replacement of human blood with sheep blood affects the cuticular and internal FFA profiles of mosquitoes reared in laboratory culture. The individual FFAs present in cuticular and internal extracts from mosquito were identified and quantified by GC–MS method. The normality of their distribution was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Student’s t-test was used to compare them. GC-MS analysis revealed similar numbers of internal and cuticular FFAs in the female mosquitoes fed sheep blood by membrane (MFSB) and naturally fed human blood (NFHB), however MFSB group demonstrated 3.1 times greater FFA concentrations in the cuticular fraction and 1.4 times the internal fraction than the NFHB group. In the MFSB group, FFA concentration was 1.6 times higher in the cuticular than the internal fraction, while for NFHB, FFA concentration was 1.3 times lower in the cuticular than the internal fraction. The concentration of C18:3 acid was 223 times higher in the internal fraction than the cuticle in the MHSB group but was absent in the NFHB group. MFSB mosquito demonstrate different FFA profiles to wild mosquitoes, which might influence their fertility and the results of vital processes studied under laboratory conditions. The membrane method of feeding mosquitoes is popular, but our research indicates significant differences in the FFA profiles of MFSB and NFHB. Such changes in FFA profile might influence female fertility, as well as other vital processes studied in laboratory conditions, such as the response to pesticides. Our work indicates that sheep blood has potential shortcomings as a substitute feed for human blood, as its use in laboratory studies may yield different results to those demonstrated by free-living mosquitoes.


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