scholarly journals Study on the ameliorating effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera on Ganga water

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237
Author(s):  
D K Paul ◽  
Nitu Kumari ◽  
Sumona Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
The People ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Ganga Water

The quality of  surface water is deteriorating day by day due to various anthropogenic activities. Ganga water is assumed polluted almost in the entire strech of river. The medicinal plants may be useful for amelioration of pollution. The present work deals with the study of several chemical characteristics as well as microbial examination of water samples taken from few sites of Ganga river namely Krishna Ghat, Kali Ghat and N.I.T Ghat (Gandhi Ghat) at Patna. The study was foccused on the evaluation of antimicrobial effect of Moringa oleifera (sahjan) leaves extract in the Ganga water. The aqueous leaves extract of different concentrations (0.1%, 0.16%, 0.23%, 0.3%) showed ameliorating results on pH and chloride content of water as well as microbial activity. Significant ameliorating results were observed on pH and chloride content of water. pH was reduced from 8.1 to 7.4 and chloride was reduced from 82.36 mg/l to 48.14 mg/l under plant extract treatment. Colony Forming Unit (CFU) was assessed by standard plate count (SPC) method and was found to be 468 CFU/ml for raw water, which was reduced to 143 CFU/ml when treated with plant extract. Similar decreasing trend was observed in case of MPN of coliform. So extract of Moringa oleifera may also be applied to purify drinking water. Morever it will be cheaper for the people in comparision to other purification devices.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Quality of Available Brand and Non Brand Fluid Milk Consumed by the People of Chittagong City of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
GK Debnath ◽  
AKMH Kober ◽  
T Chanda ◽  
GC Chanda ◽  
MS Bari
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The People ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Fluid Milk

The study was undertaken to have a comparative investigation on the quality of available brand and non-brand fluid milk consumed by the inhabitants of Chittagong City (CC). Milk samples were collected from the city vendors, departmental stores, households and dairy farms. A total of 100 samples were analyzed for nutritional (percentage of butter fat, solids-not-fat and protein), chemical (pasteurization test, added preservatives and adulteration status) and microbial (standard plate count and coliform count) parameters to evaluate the quality of the collected milk samples. The study reveals that the collected milk samples show significant (P?0.01) variation in nutritional, chemical and microbiological parameters among the sources. All brands milk samples were properly pasteurized. The quality of milk samples from local farms was good except coliform counts. All the samples possessed high coliform counts. The quality of farm produced milk and rural milk were deteriorated by middlemen due to adulteration with water. Water adulteration was detected in 68% and 54% of the milk samples in case of vendor supplied rural and vendor supplied farm milk respectively. Most alarming fact is more than 10% milk samples contained formalin in case of vendor supplied rural milk. It may be concluded that both the vendor supplied rural milk and vendor supplied farm milk were low quality due to water adulteration and added formalin preservatives respectively.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(1) 16-20

Microbiological quality of street vended Panipuri in Jagtial district of Telangana, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Teegala ◽  
Kanakamedala Bipin Chandra Pavan ◽  
Anumolu Vijaya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
The People

Street vended foods have gained a lot of popularity in recent days owing to their appealing taste and flavour. These foods apart from the taste and flavour, have been cost-effective and easily available for all people. That has been the reason for such high demand for these foods in all walks of life and are being relished by the populations from the rural to urban areas. Street foods have been satisfying the hunger of a good percentage of people at an affordable cost. On the other side of the situation, these foods have been posing a good risk of health problems for the people because of the unhygienic methods and process of preparation of these foods by the mostly illiterate community of businessmen who have been preparing them. Hence the need of evaluating these foods for the contamination levels and risk factors for human health have been exponentially felt and the present study was taken up. Therefore, the present study was carried out to check the microbiological quality of street vended panipuri sold in Korutla, Metpally, and Jagtial towns of Jagtial Dist, Telangana state. A total of ninety-six samples viz., water, dall and kachori (thirty two each) were aseptically collected from various vendors and were subjected for standard plate count, total Coliform count, total Salmonella count and total Staphylococcus aureus count. Results revealed that 74% of samples had high loads of bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli (41%), Staphylococcus aureus (31%), sp. (20%), Pseudomonas sp. (5%) and yeast (3%). Hence, it has been enumerated that the quality of street foods must be monitored, and standards of the microbiological load have to be followed for human health safety.

Pyruvate as an Indicator of Quality in Grading Nonfat Dry Milk1

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. MARSHALL ◽  
Y. H. LEE ◽  
B. L. O'BRIEN ◽  
W. A. MOATS
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Geometric Average ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Microscopic Count

Samples of skim milk and nonfat dry milk (NDM) made from it were collected, paired and tested for pyruvate concentration, [P], and Direct Microscopic count (DMC). The skim milk was tested for Standard Plate Count (SPC) and Psychrotrophic Plate Count (PPC). The geometric average DMC of skim milk was more than three times higher than that of the paired NDM samples. However, [P] of NDM was not significantly different from that of the skim milk. Although [P] of skim milk was poorly correlated with SPC and PPC, r = .31 and .26, respectively, it was relatively well correlated with DMC, r = .64. Data were widely dispersed around the regression line when [P] was ≤ 4.0 mg/L. However, [P] increased rapidly when DMCs were > 106/ml. A limit of 10 mg/L of [P] in NDM reconstituted 1:9 was chosen to represent the current U.S. Department of Agriculture Standard for DMC in NDM. This limit failed to classify about 10% of the samples correctly, assuming that each geometric mean DMC was correct. However, the probability that samples meeting the DMC standard would be rejected by the pyruvate test was quite low and the probability was moderate that samples which would be acceptable by the pyruvate test would be rejected by the DMC. For the latter, 28% of the samples having DMCs of ≥ 107/ml contained < 10 mg/L of pyruvate. No sample having ≥ 10 mg/L of pyruvate had a DMC of ≤ 107/ml. Pyruvate concentration in NDM did not change during storage at 5 or 32°C for 90 days.

Bioluminescence: A Rapid Indicator of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Selected Yogurt and Cheese Varieties

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. HUDSON ◽  
J. CHEN ◽  
A. R. HILL ◽  
M. W. GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate

Outbreaks of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 have been commonly associated with products derived from ground beef, but recently the organism has been implicated as the causative agent in outbreaks involving yogurt and cheese. This finding has raised concern about the potential for its growth and survival in fermented dairy products. A bioluminescent strain of E. coli O157:H7 was used to determine postprocessing survival in yogurt with live cultures at pH 4.17, 4.39, and 4.47 stored at 4 and 10°C. In addition, survival of E. coli O157:H7 was monitored during the manufacture of Cottage, Colby, Romano, and Feta cheeses. Results indicated survival for 8 and 5 days at 4 and 10°C respectively in yogurt at pH 4.17, 17 and 15 days at 4 and 10°C respectively in yogurt at pH 4.39, and 17days at both 4 and 10°C in yogurt at pH 4.47. E. coli O157:H7 did not survive cooking procedures at 56°C in Cottage cheese. However, the pathogen survived for 27, 30, and 27 days in Colby, Romano, and Feta cheeses respectively. A high correlation of r2 > 0.89 was obtained between counts of bioluminescenct colonies and standard plate count for all yogurt and cheese varieties, indicating that bioluminescence was a sensitive and rapid indicator of cellular viability for E. coli O157:H7. Survival of the pathogen, as indicated by this method, is possible in highly acidic environments even at refrigeration temperatures. This poses a potential hazard should postprocessing contamination occur.

Evaluation of the 3M Dry Medium Culture Plate (Petrifilm™ SM) Method for Determining Numbers of Bacteria in Raw Milk1

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 753-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. GINN ◽  
V. S. PACKARD ◽  
T. L. FOX
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Indicator Dye

The 3M Company has developed a sample-ready system (Petrifilm ™ SM) for enumerating bacteria in milk and other food products. The testing unit consists of Standard Methods culture medium coated onto a base film and overlaid with a second film coated with a cold-water-soluble gelling agent and tetrazolium indicator dye. As such, the system is ready to accept samples of product. A pipette or 0.001-ml plate loop continuous pipetting syringe can be used for applying samples. In this study, both methods of sample addition were used and results compared with those of the Standard Plate Count (SPC) and standard Plate Loop (PL) methods for determining bacteria numbers in raw milk. In total, 108 samples were analyzed in duplicate by each of the four methods. The correlation coefficients (r) between the 3M-SPC and SPC, 3M-PL and PL, 3M-PL and SPC and PL and SPC were 0.946, 0.935, 0.941, and 0.974, respectively. Repeatability, as measured by mean log10 variance for duplicate determinations, was essentially the same for the four methods, and in all instances less than 0.005. The mean log10 differences between the SPC and 3M-SPC, and SPC and 3M-PL were, respectively, −0.177 and −0.168. The preceding statistical criteria suggest the Petrifilm™ SM method to be a suitable alternative to the SPC or the PL procedure.

scholarly journals Analysis and identification of Pseudomonas sp. and molds on dried anchovy (Stelophorus sp) products produced by the people of Toniku Village, Halmahera Barat Regency, North Maluku Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ruslan A. Daeng ◽  
Azis Husen
Keyword(s):  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
The People ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Identification Stage

This research was conducted to determine the characteristics of Pseudomonas sp. and mold on dried anchovies. The sample in this study was obtained from the fishing community of Toniku Village, West Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province. The stages carried out in this study were 3 (three) stages, namely the sample preparation stage, the analysis phase and the identification stage of Pseudomonas sp. and mold. The results showed that the characteristics of the Total Plate Count (TPC) of dried anchovy in the Toniku Village obtained a different composition from each other, with the highest log Total Plate Count (TPC) obtained, namely 5.5 or 3.2 x 105 Cfu/g or 320.000 cells bacteria, while the lowest Total Plate Count (TPC) log was obtained, 2.5 or 3.1 x 102 Cfu/g or 310 bacterial cells and for total Pseudomonas bacteria from the three sampling locations no growth was found. The highest total log fungi were obtained ie 5.6 or 3.7 x 105 Cfu/g or 370.000 mold cells, while the lowest total log fungi were obtained which were 2.4 or 2.6 x 102 Cfu/g or 260 mold cells

scholarly journals Comparison of Probiotic Isolate Growth in Natural Culture with Various Carbon Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Sitti Nur Ilmiah ◽  
Zaraswati Dwyana ◽  
Asadi Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate

Probiotik merupakan mikroba hidup yang memberikan pengaruh menguntungkan pada inang karena dapat menyeimbangkan mikroba yang ada dalam saluran pencernaan menjadi meningkat. Pemanfaatan tersebut dapat memberikan pengaruh positif dan kesehatan bagi inang sehingga sangat baik untuk diaplikasikan. Pemanfaatan bahan alami dapat menekan biaya media tumbuh sehingga perlu penggantian media sintetik dengan media alami karena memiliki harga yang relatif lebih murah tetapi mengandung nutrien penting bagi pertumbuhan mikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan isolat probiotik berdasarkan lama waktu kutur dalam media alami yang mengandung sumber karbon berbeda. Pertumbuhan isolat probiotik dalam berbagai sumber karbon dilakukan melalui metode Standard Plate Count (SPC). Melalui metode SPC didapatkan jumlah koloni isolat G dari masing-masing media berupa kanji, sagu, dan dedak yaitu 2,3 x 108 Cfu/mL, 6,4 x 106 Cfu/mL, dan 4,3 x 106 Cfu/mL selama 48 jam; 2,6 x 108 Cfu/mL, 1,6 x 108 Cfu/mL, dan 1,0 x 108 Cfu/mL selama 96 jam; 4,6 x 108 Cfu/mL, 1,8 x 108 Cfu/mL, dan 1,2 x 108 Cfu/mL selama 144 jam. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa isolat G mampu ditumbuhkan dalam media alami berupa kanji, sagu dan dedak.

Microbiological Quality of Shellfish-Growing Waters in Chesapeake Bay

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
TUU-JYI CHAI ◽  
TZYY-JAN HAN ◽  
RALPH R. COCKEY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate

A total of 338 water samples were collected at 20 stations from three geographically shellfish-growing areas in Chesapeake Bay from May to September 1989. Samples were examined for standard plate count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and coliphages. Salinity, dissolved oxygen and temperature varied slightly with the depth, season, and geographic area of water samples. The geometric means of standard plate count for the three areas were 135, 355 and 275/ml, respectively. The range of means of fecal coliform for these areas was from <3 to 93/100 mi. Escherichia coli counts were also low with a range of <3 to 93/100 mi and a mean of < 3/100 mi. The growing water area adjacent to cropland was found to have higher bacterial counts than those of the other two areas. Levels of male-specific phages were very low. Results indicate that shellfish-growing waters in all three areas were of satisfactory bacteriological quality.

A STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF THE 3M BRAND AUTOMATIC COLONY COUNTER1,2

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 435-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Packard ◽  
Roy E. Ginn
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Culture Plate ◽  
Counter Model ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Colony Counter

The 3M Brand Automatic Colony Counter, Model 620, was evaluated and compared with three laboratory technicians on raw milk Standard Plate Count (SPC) cultures over the range of counts from 0–300 colonies per culture plate. Overall, the estimated total variance for the three technicians was 15.07, for the 3M unit 17.82. On plates averaging greater than 150 colonies the 3M unit and hand counts were about equal in Variability. On lower counts the 3M device was somewhat more variable, although within what would appear to be acceptable limits. For the range of data studied, 99.4% of the variance (for the average of three counts by either method) could be accounted for by a similar average of observations using the other method. The 3M unit averaged 2.33 counts higher than technician counts.

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