scholarly journals Impact of improved farm technology on pulses production in Karnataka

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1471-1474
Author(s):  
Vinayak S. Suragonda ◽  
B. S. Reddy ◽  
O. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Cent Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Extension Agencies

The current study aimed at evaluating technical efficiency and change in output of pulse crops in Karnataka. Totally 180 farmers were selected for eliciting required information on adoption of A3P technology. The results of the study revealed that majority of the farmers were operating above 80 per cent efficiency levels in both pulses across the farmers of A3P and Non-A3P. Further, more than 53 per cent of farmers' under redgram and 56 per cent under bengalgram have achieved 100 per cent efficiency level in A3P farmers category. Decomposition of the difference in total output between A3P and Non-A3P farmers was 13.23 and 14.86 per cent in redgram and bengalgram crops respectively. The A3P technology has alone contributed to the extent of 29 and 22 per cent to the total change in redgram and bengalgram output indicating output can be increased by about 29 and 22 per cent if the farmers could switch over from traditional practices (Non-A3P) to A3P technology. There is need to educate farmers on optimum use of inputs through conducting intensive trainings on A3P technology by KVK’s and other extension agencies to increase the supply of pulses in the country.

Longitudinal changes in the kinetic response to heavy-intensity exercise in children

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha G. Fawkner ◽  
Neil Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Slow Component ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Dependent Change ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes with age in the kinetic response to cycling at heavy-intensity exercise in boys and girls. Twenty-two prepubertal children (13 male, 9 female) carried out a series of exercise tests on two test occasions with a 2-yr interval. On each test occasion, the subject completed multiple transitions from baseline to 40% of the difference between their previously determined V-slope and peak O2 uptake (V̇o2) for 9 min on an electronically braked cycle ergometer. Each subject's breath-by-breath responses were interpolated to 1-s intervals, time aligned, and averaged. The data after phase 1 were fit with 1) a double exponential model and 2) a single exponential model within a fitting window that was previously identified to exclude the slow component. There were no significant differences in the parameters of the primary component between each model. Subsequent analysis was carried out using model 2. The V̇o2 slow component was computed as the difference between the amplitude of the primary component and the end-exercise V̇o2 and was expressed as the percent contribution to the total change in V̇o2. Over the 2-yr period, the primary time constant (boys 16.8 ± 5.3 and 21.7 ± 5.3 s, girls 21.1 ± 8.1 and 26.4 ± 8.4 s, first and second occasion, respectively) and the relative amplitude of the slow component (boys 9.4 ± 4.6 and 13.8 ± 5.3%, girls 10.3 ± 2.4 and 15.5 ± 2.8%, first and second occasion, respectively) significantly increased with no sex differences. The data demonstrate that children do display a slow-component response to exercise and are consistent with an age-dependent change in the muscles' potential for O2 utilization.

scholarly journals EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHA TERNAK AYAM BROILER POLA KEMITRAAN DI KABUPATEN LIMAPULUH KOTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dira Asri Pramita ◽  
Nunung Kusnadi ◽  
Harianto Harianto
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Stochastic Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

<em>Due to the high cost of investment in broiler production and the risk involved, various types of lease arrangement in broiler production exist in Indonesia. Two of the best known arrangement include the contract system and the informal profit sharing system. The difference in these two types of arrangement lies in the degree of cooperation which influence their technical efficiency. This study aims to measure the technical efficiencies of broiler farms with the contract system and the profit sharing system. This study also analyzed the basic determinants of the technical efficiency, as well as the socio-economic variables that affect business performance. Cross section data was collected from Limapuluh Kota district between July to September 2015. The purposive  sampling technique was used to identify 87 farmers of which 50 were involved in the contract system arrangement while 37 were involved in the profit sharing arrangement. The data was analyzed using the Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Production Frontier. The results showed that the type of lease arrangement affects the level of technical efficiency. When compared, the technical efficiency of contract system arrangement was higher than that of the informal profit sharing arrangement. The age and experience of broiler farmers significantly influenced the level of technical efficiency. However, while age was positive experience was negative.</em>

Diuretic activities of fayiren and coix seed in normal rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Hong ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Weiqi Liu ◽  
Longxue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Total Output ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Coix Seed ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background Coix seed is a traditional Chinese medicine with pharmacological effects and food efficacy. It is well-know and widely used in China and other Asian countries. Fayiren is a new artillery material processed from Coix Seed. This is the first study of the diuretic activities of Fayiren and coix seed in normal rats. Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (8 rats/group) according to body mass and urine volume stratification, namely model (physiological saline) group, positive control (furosemide 20 mg/kg) group, coix seed (1666 mg/kg) group, low-dose of Fayiren group (166 mg/kg) and high-dose Fayiren group (1666 mg/kg). Rats were fasted for 16 h before the experiment, with normal water supply. Immediately after administration, each group of rat was placed in a metabolic cage, and urine was collected once after every hour for a total of 6 times. The urine volume at each time point for collection was measured, and then totaled. After the 6 h recording procedure, the treatments were administered once a day and the urine was collected at the 24th, 48th, 72th, 96th, 110th, 134th, and 158th hours from the start respectively. The urine pH and Na +, K +, Ca 2+, Cl - concentrations at each time point of each group of rats were measured. The contents of ALD, ANP, ADH, Na+-K+-ATPase, the gene expression and protein levels of AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3 in urine of rats in each group were determined. SPSS22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the experimental data. One way ANOVA and multiple comparisons between LSD groups were performed. The difference is considered significant When p < 0.05 or p < 0.01. Results After the administration of Fayiren and coix seed, compared with normal rats, the total output of urine in the high-dose coix seed & Fayiren group and the positive control group both increased; In addition, the contents of Na+ and Cl-in urine in these groups increased as well. However, the content of K+ did not increase in all groups. Contents of ALD and ADH was decreased and increased contents of ANP observed in urine in both high-dose and low-dose Fayiren groups with significant differences from model group (P < 0.05). Coix seed significantly reduced ADH and increased ANP levels compared with model group (P < 0.05). There was no obvious change in the urine pH content in urine of all rats. All the aquaporin (AQP1, AQP2, and AQP3) contents were decreased comparing to the model group, the coix seed group, as well as the Fayiren group. The effect of coix seed was particularly notable on AQP2, and the difference was significant against the Furosemide group (P < 0.05). By contrast, Fayiren showed greater effects on AQP1 and AQP3, with statistically significant difference comparing to the model group (P༜0.05). Conclusions This study will provide experimental evidence for explaining the different mechanisms of diuretic effects in natural medicine use of coix seed and artillery material processed from Coix Seed. The Fayiren may affect the reabsorption of water in the kidney through mechanisms related to increased ANP secretion,decreased ALD and ADH secretion in urine, and it significantly affect the expression of aquaporin 1 and aquaporin 3. However, coix seed may increase ANP but decreased ADH secretion, further affecting the expression of aquaporin2 and exert diuretic effect.

scholarly journals Causes Of Yield Gaps And Strategies For Minimizing The Gaps In Different Crops Of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H Mondal
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Extension Agencies

The concept of yield gaps originated from the studies conducted by IRRI in the seventies. The yield gap discussed in this paper is the difference between the potential farm yield and the actual average farm yield. In Bangladesh, yield gaps exist in different crops ranging up to 60%. According to the recent study conducted by BRRI, the yield gap in rice was estimated at 1.74 t/ha. The existence of yield gaps was as well observed in rice, mustard, wheat and cotton in India. In India, yield gap varied from 15.5 to 60% with the national average gap of 52.3% in irrigated ecosystem. The yield gaps are mainly caused by biological, socio-economic, climate and institutional/policy related factors. Different strategies, such as integrated crop management (1CM) practices, timely supply of inputs including credit to farmers, research and extension collaboration to transfer the new technologies have been discussed as strategies to minimize yield gaps. Suggestions have been made to make credit available to resource-poor small farmers to buy necessary inputs. Reducing transaction cost, simplifying lending procedures and strengthening monitoring mechanism of the current credit system are, however, essential to enable the farmers to avail the credit facility. Efforts should be made to update farmers’ knowledge on the causes of yield gaps in crops and measures to narrow the gaps through training, demonstrations, field visits and monitoring by extension agencies to achieve high yield. The government should realize that yield gaps exist in different crops of Bangladesh and therefore, explore the scope to increase production as well as productivity of crops by narrowing the yield gap and thereby ensure food security. Keywords: Yield gaps; strategies; crops of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9274 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 469-476

scholarly journals Asymptotic efficiency of the proportional compensation scheme for a large number of producers

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-520
Author(s):  
Dmitry Rokhlin ◽  
Anatoly Usov
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Compensation Scheme ◽  
Rational Agents ◽  
Unique Nash Equilibrium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Convex Costs ◽  
Optimal Reward ◽  
Piece Rates

We consider a manager who allocates some fixed total payment amount between N rational agents in order to maximize the aggregate production. The profit of i-th agent is the difference between the compensation (reward) obtained from the manager and the production cost. We compare (i) the normative compensation scheme where the manager enforces the agents to follow an optimal cooperative strategy; (ii) the linear piece rates compensation scheme where the manager announces an optimal reward per unit good; (iii) the proportional compensation scheme where agent's reward is proportional to his contribution to the total output. Denoting the correspondent total production levels by s*, ? and s? respectively, where the last one is related to the unique Nash equilibrium, we examine the limits of the prices of anarchy AN = s*/s?, A'N = ?/s? as N ? ?. These limits are calculated for the cases of identical convex costs with power asymptotics at the origin, and for power costs, corresponding to the Coob-Douglas and generalized CES production functions with decreasing returns to scale. Our results show that asymptotically no performance is lost in terms of A'N , and in terms of AN the loss does not exceed 31%.

The effect of urea on the utilization of ground, pelleted roughage by penned sheep: II. Utilization of organic matter, nitrogen and minerals

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Coombe ◽  
K. R. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Phosphorus Balance ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
The Difference ◽  
N Status

SUMMARYAdult Merino wethers were fed for 16 weeks on diets of oat straw mixed with urea and pelleted (A); oat straw pellets, with access to a salt block (B); oat straw pellets, with access to a salt-urea block (C); Phalaris straw mixed with urea and pelleted (D); and Phalaris straw pellets (E). A commercial mineral supplement was given during the first 8 weeks, and a laboratory-prepared complete mineral supplement supplied during the second 8 weeks. During the fifth to eighth weeks (period I), and the thirteenth to sixteenth weeks (period II), digestibility and balance studies were conducted on sheep from each treatment.Digestibilities of organic matter (O.M.) and cellulose were generally increased by the addition of urea, but only in one comparison, between diets A and B, was the difference significant. Urea did not significantly affect water intake in relation to food intake.Urea increased nitrogen (N) intake, faecal and urinary N excretion, and N balance, these effects being more pronounced in period II. All sheep were in negative N status in period I; five of the 12 urea-fed sheep were in positive N status in period II. In diets B and C water intake and urine output were positively related to salt intake, but in no diet was there a significant relation between urinary N excretion and total output of urine.Sulphur balances (excluding wool) were generally positive and did not improve significantly in period II despite higher sulphur intakes. However, a corresponding increase in the intake of phosphorus, from 0·5 g/day to about 2·0 g/day, brought nearly all sheep from negative to positive phosphorus balance. With the urea diets there was a significant, negative relation between urinary N excretion and phosphorus balance.Intakes of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium appeared to be sufficient in both periods.It seems likely that the improved response to urea which occurred during the experiment was due to the change in mineral supplementation rather than to adaptation to urea.

Simulation Study for the Series Connected Bundles of Microtubular SOFCs

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Funahashi ◽  
Toru Shimamori ◽  
Toshio Suzuki ◽  
Yoshinobu Fujishiro ◽  
Masanobu Awano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Current Collection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bundle Structure

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the highest energy conversion efficiency among various power generators and expected to be earlier commercialization. Our study aims to develop fabrication techniques of microtubular SOFC bundles and establish realistic bundle structure for kilowatt class module. So far, we have succeeded to establish fabrication technology of the microtubular SOFC bundles using porous supporting matrices. In this study, the simulation study of the microtubular SOFC bundle was carried out to understand Joule heat and temperature distribution in the microtubular SOFC bundle during operation. The results indicated that the method of current collection had to be carefully considered, since the total output power loss of the bundle was estimated to be 27.8%. The temperature distribution of the bundle using porous MgO matrices turned out to be moderate compared with that in the previous bundle using porous (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3 matrices due to the difference in the thermal conductivity of each matrix constitute.

scholarly journals Estimating the Output Gap for Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryadh M. Alkhareif ◽  
William A. Barnett ◽  
Nayef A. Alsadoun
Keyword(s):  
Output Growth ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Output Gap ◽  
Potential Output ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Production Function Approach ◽  
Potential Gdp ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Potential Output Growth

The objective of this paper is to estimate annual potential output growth and the output gap for the Saudi economy over the period 1980 to 2015, looking at both total output and non-oil output. The focus on the latter is so that the progress in diversifying the economy might be examined and the possible impact of diversification on potential output might be measured. We use three methods for estimating potential output proposed in the macroeconomic literature. The methodologies include the Hodrick-Prescott filter, Kalman filter, and the production function approach. We compare the three over the entire sample and the last five years. Our findings suggest that the output gap (the difference between actual and potential output, as measured by real GDP) is positive on average over the entire period (i.e., actual output has on average exceeded potential); however, the gap has turned negative and has shrunk in recent years, as fiscal expenditures, particularly in infrastructure, have acted to better align actual and potential. Our analysis also indicated that growth in both potential GDP and total factor productivity have accelerated in the 2011-2015 period. In contrast, growth in these factors has slowed in many other countries, particularly the advanced economies. This better performance of the Saudi economy is possibly due to the development of a resilient financial sector in the Saudi economy.

Sex difference in histamine metabolism in rats

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 1258-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Histamine Metabolism ◽  
Endogenous Histamine ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
The Difference

The pattern of endogenous histamine excretion in the urine of male and female rats has been studied. The major sex difference is that females put out approximately 25 times more free histamine than males. This difference in free histamine output accounts for the difference in total output. Castration increased free histamine output in males, but ovariectomy or combined ovariectomy and hysterectomy have no effect on output in females. The castration effect appears in 2–5 weeks. One milligram of testosterone propionate when injected subcutaneously suppresses the output of free histamine in castrated rats, but not in normal female rats. There are also sex differences in the handling of exogenous histamine. Castrated and female rats excrete a larger proportion of exogenous histamine in the free form. This indicates that a difference in handling rather than in rate of production may account wholly or partly for the observed sex difference in endogenous histamine output.

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