scholarly journals KHATTIC AND ABKHAZO-ADYGH TOPONYMS: A COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
A. P. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Long Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of

On the basis of a comparison of the Hattian and AbkhazAdyghe toponyms, an attempt is made to confirm the ethnic and genetic relationship of the ancient Hattian and modern AbkhazAdyghe languages, which have no written history. Therefore, toponyms, as material for historical and ethnographic research, are of lasting importance. The Hattian stems are given in the Latin alphabet, their Abkhaz-Adyghe counterparts are in the Cyrillic alphabet. Analysis and comparison of the Hattian and Abkhaz-Adyghe components of toponyms made it possible to reveal their coincidence in form and meaning and the same archetype. Thus, despite the long period of time separating these languages, the correspondences in the structure of toponyms allow us to speak about their relationship and habitat of the Abkhaz-lingual and Adyghe-lingual ethnic groups, as well as the ways of their migration. The research results can be used in writing the history of the Hattian and Abkhaz-Adyghe languages and in the reconstruction of languages that do not have a written language.

Anthropological communities of interpretation for Burma: An overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Chit Hlaing
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Anthropological Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis paper surveys the history of anthropological work on Burma, dealing both with Burman and other ethnic groups. It focuses upon the relations between anthropology and other disciplines, and upon the relationship of such work to the development of anthropological theory. It tries to show how anthropology has contributed to an overall understanding of Burma as a field of study and, conversely, how work on Burma has influenced the development of anthropology as a subject. It also tries to relate the way in which anthropology helps place Burma in the broader context of Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Jazyková krajina Banskej Bystrice (Kontinuita textov a križovatka etník)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Odaloš
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Basic Orientation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Business Function ◽  
Orientation Information ◽  
Visible Language ◽  
The Church

Language Landscape of Banská Bystric (Continuity of Texts and Intersection of Ethnic Groups)The language landscape of Banská Bystrica is made up of visible language, which means written language in the form of contextually fixed words, sentences and complex sentences of a commercial and non-commercial nature. Non-commercial language fulfills a communicative function in terms of presenting basic orientation information in and around Banská Bystrica town, and about the town’s activities, the church and cemetery buildings, and monuments. Commercial language has a business function because it becomes part of the process of business transactions: first in the form of advertising texts offering commercial products; later in the form of information concerning goods offered directly by business facilities. The language landscape of Banská Bystrica is a collection of texts in Slovak, German and Hungarian and is a manifestation of the ethnolinguistic activities of Slovaks, Germans and Hungarians. Some texts in English, German, Latin, Russian and Romanian are evidence of the vitality of these languages in presenting facts about the present day and the history of this town. Krajobraz językowy Bańskiej Bystrzycy (kontinuum tekstów a krzyżowanie się grup etnicznych)Na krajobraz językowy Bańskiej Bystrzycy składają się teksty o charakterze komercyjnym i niekomercyjnym, dostępne w wersji wizualnej, powstałe w języku pisanym, w formie kontekstowo uwarunkowanych słów, zdań prostych i zdań złożonych. Język o charakterze niekomercyjnym pełni funkcję komunikacyjną w zakresie przekazywania podstawowych informacji orientacyjnych w mieście Bańska Bystrzyca i w jego okolicach, a także informacji o działalności związanej z miastem, o budynkach kościelnych i cmentarnych oraz o zabytkach. Język o charakterze komercyjnym pełni funkcję biznesową, ponieważ staje się częścią procesu obrotu gospodarczego: najpierw w postaci tekstów reklamowych oferujących produkty handlowe, później w formie informacji o produktach oferowanych bezpośrednio przez placówki handlowe i usługowe. Krajobraz językowy Bańskiej Bystrzycy tworzą teksty w językach słowackim, niemieckim i węgierskim, będące przejawem działalności etnolingwistycznej Słowaków, Niemców i Węgrów. Teksty w językach angielskim, niemieckim, rosyjskim, rumuńskim i po łacinie świadczą o istotnej roli tych języków w przedstawianiu faktów dotyczących współczesności i historii tego miasta.

COULD THERE BE A KOREAN–JAPANESE LINGUISTIC RELATIONSHIP THEORY? SCIENCE, THE DATA, AND THE ALTERNATIVES

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher I. Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Related Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
The Many ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Korean Linguistics

The ethnolinguistic history of early East Asia depends on the comparative-historical study of the different languages. Scholars have long studied the early interrelationships among the major languages of East Asia, but only rarely according to the theory and methodology of scientific comparative-historical linguistics and linguistic typology, in which theories are expected to conform to the data. Among the many highly contested genetic relationship proposals in the region is the “Korean-Japanese theory”. Despite nearly a century of work by some very prominent scholars, no one has given a convincing demonstration of such a relationship, partly due to the paucity of supporting data, despite the fact that the two languages in question are vibrant and well attested. Now two leading scholars of Japanese and Korean linguistics who are familiar with each other's work, J. M. Unger and A. Vovin, have almost simultaneously published new books on the topic, one in favor of the theory, one against it. The contributions and flaws of the two books, and their position relative to the development of a scientific tradition of comparative-historical linguistics, are discussed. Special attention is paid to Koguryo, the extinct Japanese-related language once spoken on the Korean Peninsula that is crucial to any discussion of the historical relationship of Japanese and Korean.

scholarly journals Reappraising the Eff ects of Language Contact in the Torres Strait

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Round ◽  
Jessica Hunter ◽  
Claire Bowern
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Torres Strait ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Australian Languages

AbstractThe contact history of the languages of the Eastern and Western Torres Strait has been claimed (e.g. by Dixon 2002, Wurm 1972, and others) to have been sufficiently intense as to obscure the genetic relationship of the Western Torres Strait language. Some have argued that it is an Australian (Pama-Nyungan) language, though with considerable influence from the Papuan language Meryam Mir (the Eastern Torres Strait language). Others have claimed that the Western Torres language is, in fact, a genetically Papuan language, though with substantial Australian substrate or adstrate influence. Much has been made of phonological structures which have been viewed as unusual for Australian languages. In this paper we examine the evidence for contact claims in the region. We review aspects of the phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon of the Eastern and Western Torres Strait languages with an eye to identifying areal influence. This larger data pool shows that the case for intense contact has been vastly overstated. Beyond some phonological features and some loan words, there is no linguistic evidence for intense contact; moreover, the phonological features adduced to be evidence of contact are also found to be not specifically Papuan, but part of a wider set of features in Australian languages.

scholarly journals Al-Qur’an Dan Relasi Harmonis Antar Umat Beragama

alashriyyah ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Umi Waheeda
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Community Living ◽  
West Papua ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

With the diversity of religions and ethnicities, in Indonesia, it is not easy to create conditions for safe, peaceful and peaceful community living. There have been many riots between ethnic groups, between religions, between races and between groups. Many of the victims of their lives and property have fallen most of the recent riots in Waimena, West Papua. How does the Qur'an provide an example for us for harmonious relations between religious communities? Harmonious relations between religious communities is emphasized in the Qur'an. Islam as a religion Rahmatan lil alamin upholds the harmony of religious life among humans. Can be seen from the history of Islam from the start of the Prophet s.a.w. until now. Muslims are always defending never want to attack first, to the shelves that can not be tolerated then they fight back. During this time Islam, as a religion of peace, a religion that likes peace, became tarnished because of doing some radical and extremist Muslim groups. Who uses Islam to get the master. Hiding behind a mask, in the name of Islam. This has an impact on the disruption of the relationship of protection between religious communities. There are many explanations in the Qur'an about building tolerant relationships in religion. To live in harmony with harmonious relations between religions we must develop between people. To live safely, peacefully.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Discrimination of Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link Germplasm Using ISSR and RAPD Markers

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1144-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Ge Zhao ◽  
Ming-Qin Zhou ◽  
Long-Qing Chen ◽  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Gituru Wahiti Robert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Flower Plant ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chimonanthus Praecox

Chimonanthus praecox (wintersweet) is endemic to China. It has been cultivated there for more than 1000 years as a garden, potted, and cut-flower plant. Many cultivars have been developed during its long history of cultivation, and recently many germplasms were collected in Wuhan and Nanjing, China. The identification and genetic relationship of these resources were studied based mainly on morphological traits. In the current study, intersimple sequence repeat markers (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD) were used for the first time to investigate 72 wintersweet clones from the two regions. Eleven ISSR primers amplified 115 bands, 90 (78.26%) of which were polymorphic. Nineteen RAPD primers amplified 165 bands, 105 (63.63%) of which were polymorphic. Either ISSR or RAPD markers were sufficient to distinguish all the clones surveyed. A Dendrogram based on Jaccard's similarity coefficients indicated that the distribution pattern of the 72 clones was coherent with their geographical origins. Most of the genetic variation (85.68% with ISSR data; 86.75% with RAPD data) occurred among clones within each region. However, the difference between Wuhan and Nanjing groups is statistically significant (ΦST = 0.143, P < 0.001, with ISSR data; ΦST = 0.132, P < 0.001, with RAPD data). Morphological variation and classification of wintersweet cultivars were also discussed compared with the genetic relationship based on ISSR and RAPD markers. This is the first report of the partitioning of genetic variability within and between different cultivated wintersweet regions, and it provides useful baseline data for optimizing sampling strategies in breeding. These results are important for future genetic improvement, identification, and conservation of Chimonanthus praecox germplasm.

scholarly journals Central and Late Medieval Europe

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len Scales
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Religious Difference ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extreme Solutions

This article examines genocide in the Central and late Medieval Europe. The existence of peoples in Europe in the central and later Middle Ages reflected the facts of power: for contemporaries, ethnic communities were axiomatically political ones. Where the interactions of different peoples were most intensive, stress-laden, and ideologically and politically charged, acts of ethnic destruction were anticipated, and in some quarters sought most keenly. Outright ethnic destruction was most likely to occur where political subjugation was reinforced by fundamental religious difference. Pagans, Muslims, and Jews, but also, in an age of sharpened conceptions of religious orthodoxy, adherents of false forms of Christianity, were singled out for extreme solutions. For the rest, the history of this long period is partly one of how, through more intensive and precisely defined interactions, different imagined ethnic groups evolved forms of coexistence and mutual accommodation.

scholarly journals O negro enquanto sujeito na História da Educação: as contribuições de uma nova abordagem historiográfica e uma perspectiva de análise para o estado-nação imperial / The black as a subject in the Hstory of Education: the contributions of a new historiographic approach and an analysis perspective for the state-imperial nation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Priscilla Verona
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of

A historiografia educacional brasileira, sobretudo no que tange aos estudos referentes ao século XIX, caracterizou frequentemente o negro como um escravo, que, destituído de direitos, estabelecia uma relação de exclusão com a sociedade e com os processos educativos. Ao não ser considerado um sujeito social pela historiografia tradicional, o negro se manteve durante longo período de tempo à margem também de nossa historiografia da educação. No entanto, nas últimas décadas vem se consubstanciando um movimento rico de superação do silencionamento que foi produzido em relação aos negros na história da educação. Abordagens mais problematizantes aliadas ao surgimento de inúmeras pesquisas e iniciativas passaram a privilegiar e considerar o papel ativo do negro dentro da história da educação no Brasil. Nesse sentido, o artigo se propõe a realizar um breve balanço, buscando sobretudo trazer perspectivas para se pensar o Estado - Nação imperial por meio de uma série de contribuições que dão visibilidade ao protagonismo negro na história.***Brazilian educational historiography, especially with regard to studies relates to the nineteenth century, often characterized  the black as a slave, who deprived of rights, established a relationship of exclusion with society and educational processes. Not being considered a social subject by traditional historiography, the  black remained for a long period of time also on the fringes of our historiography of education. However, in recent decades there has been a rich movement to overcome the silencing that has been produced in relation to blacks in the history of education. More problematic approaches coupled with the emergence of numerous researches and initiatives began to privilege and consider the active role of blacks within the history of education in Brasil. In this sense, the article proposes to make a brief balance, seeking above all to bring perspectives to think the imperial Nation State.  

The State of the Art of the Genetic Relationship of Japonic: the Turanian and Altaic Hypotheses

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-69
Author(s):  
Giorgio (Georg) Orlandi
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Short Range ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract The history of several attempts, both long-range and short-range, at linking the Japanese language is surveyed and scrutinized in the present paper. Special attention is given to some earlier proposals which are largely ignored by current scholarship, albeit it can be demonstrated that they still define certain long-range comparisons which continue to enjoy some popularity among modern scholars. The two most important hypotheses examined in the present paper are those linking Japanese (Japonic) with the languages that have been classified under the labels “Turanian” and “Altaic”. It is shown that the (Macro-)Altaic hypothesis, recently also called “Transeurasian”, has close historical connections with the Turanian hypothesis and its predecessors.

scholarly journals Revisionism and the Historical Interpretation of the Sokoto Caliphate: The Writings of Murray Last

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Ezonbi Boumo ◽  
Nasidi A. Nadir
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Central Sudan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sokoto Caliphate ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Written Sources

The Sokoto Caliphate which was founded as a result of the 1804 Jihad spear-headed by Sheikh Uthman bin Fudi has attracted the attention of so many writers most of whom were Europeans. To properly legalise colonialism, most colonial writers view the Caliphate as an attempt made by the Fulbe to establish their hegemony over Hausa-land, while to others, it was no more than a Fulbe onslaught on the inferior ethnic groups of the then Central Sudan. In the post-colonial period, Murray Last came up with a more balanced argument on the history of the Caliphate and after him, came other researchers among which are Europeans and Africans. However, in this twenty first century, writers like Last took a revisionist stand towards the history of Sokoto Caliphate. Therefore, this paper though centres heavily on written sources, looks into the major reasons aiding his abrupt revisionist interpretation of the history of the Sokoto Caliphate by juxtaposing his earlier works with the present ones. The paper equally finds out that this recent revisionist interpretation of the history of the Sokoto Caliphate is projected mainly to create confusion by negating the established historical facts imbued in the realm of the Caliphate’s history especially for socio-political reasons.

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