scholarly journals Features of formation of bean-cereal agrophytocenoses on sod-podzolic soils of the Carpathian foothills of Ukraine

1970 ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
V.H. Kurhak ◽  
U.M. Karbivska
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Scientific Hypotheses ◽  
A Share

Purpose. To establish changes in botanical composition, density and linear growth of components of legume-cereal agrophytocenoses with the participation of various leguminous and cereal perennial grasses in comparison with cereal grasses on different backgrounds of mineral fertilizer on sod-podzolic soils of Carpathian foothills. Methods. General scientific – hypotheses, induction and deduction, analogies, generalizations and special – field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical, computational and comparative. Results. Averagely over four years, the share of the deervetch in the crop with nitrogen-free fertilizition was the largest and ranged from 53-59% with the number of shoots 844-888 pcs/m2. The share of alfalfa sown and the density of its shoots were the lowest and ranged from 32-36% and 335-373 pcs/m2. Meadow clover in legume-cereal agrophytocenoses was well maintained only in the first 2-3 years of use with a share of 60-70%. Eastern galega was kept in grasslands for four years with a share of 36-40%. Legume components had a positive effect on the linear growth of cereal components. In deervetch-cereal stands on nitrogen-free backgrounds, it was 9-12 cm larger compared to the height of the same cereals in cereal mixtures. Conclusions. It is established that for four years the best in legume-cereal agrophytocenoses is kept horned, and alfalfa sowing is the worst. Meadow clover is well kept in grasslands only in the first three years of life. Eastern galega is well kept in grasslands, but with a smaller proportion than deervetch. The share of deervetch in the crop on the nitrogen-free fertilization backgrounds is the highest and ranges from 53 to 59% with a shoot density of 844-888 pcs/m2. The proportion of the alfalfa and the density of its shoots is the smallest – 32-36% and 335-373 pcs/m2 respectively.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

scholarly journals YIELD OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND SOIL FERTILITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL IN CASE OF LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Gavrilova ◽  
◽  
A. M. Konova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Unit Dose ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Positive Effect

The article considers the effect of increasing doses and various combinations of mineral fertilizers applied to the cover crop on the yield and quality of a mixture of perennial grasses of two - years use, as well as the effect of fertilizers on the agrochemical parameters of sod-podzolic light loamy soil. The objects of the study were Stodolich meadow clover and Leningradskaya 204 meadow timothy grass. The studies were carried out in two crop rotations - with standard and reduced single doses of mineral fertilizers. The research results showed that in the years (VIII rotation) when the unit dose of fertilizers was increased to N20P20K25, the yield of perennial grasses was higher compared to the harvest in the VII rotation. The most appropriate dose in the VII rotation on perennial grasses of the 1st year was N30P30K45, on grasses of the 2nd year - doses of N30P30K45 and N40P40K60. In the VIII rotation, the highest yield of perennial grasses of the 1st year of use was obtained at a dose of N160P160K200 (8.4 t / ha), of grasses of the 2nd year of use at doses of N80P80K100 and N100P100K125 (6.5 t / ha). Positive effect of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the content of soil organic matter has been noted. On the contrary, the soil acidity increased from 4.7 to 4.3 units with an increase of mineral doses. Higher doses of fertilizers increased the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soil.

scholarly journals Impact of depth of placement of mineral fertilizer micro-dosing on growth, yield and partial nutrient balance in pearl millet cropping system in the Sahel

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (8) ◽  
pp. 1412-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. IBRAHIM ◽  
D. PASTERNAK ◽  
D. FATONDJI
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Positive Effect

SUMMARYA study was carried out in the rainy seasons of 2008 and 2009 in Niger to investigate the effects of fertilizer micro-dosing on root development, yield and soil nutrient exploitation of pearl millet. Different rates of diammonium phosphate (DAP) were applied to the soil at different depths and it was found that although micro-dosing with DAP increased grain yield over the unfertilized control to a similar level as broadcast DAP, doubling the micro-dosage did not increase it further. Increasing the depth of fertilizer application from 5 to 10 cm resulted in significant increases in root length density, and deep application of fertilizer resulted in higher yields, although the increases were generally not significant. It was postulated that the positive effect of micro-dosing resulted from better exploitation of soil nutrients because of the higher root volume. Levels of nutrients exported from the soil were at least as high in plants receiving micro-dosing as the unfertilized control, and plants receiving micro-dosing exported 5–10 times more phosphorus from the soil than the amount added through fertilization.

Summer dormancy, regeneration and persistence of perennial grasses in south-western Australia

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (88) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
EF Biddiscombe ◽  
AL Rogers ◽  
RA Maller
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Internal Drainage ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Better Than

Autumn growth and persistence of periodically grazed, spaced plant swards of eleven perennial grasses were measured at two sites registering 750 mm and 1120 mm annual rainfall respectively. The grasses were grown on gravelly podzolic soils of moderate internal drainage and depth of A horizon. After the third summer, autumn regrowth was generally better in Phalaris tuberosa lines than in lines of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea cv. Melik and D. glomerata cv. Currie regenerated better than P. tuberosa lines in the first two autumn seasons at the drier site. Capacity for autumn growth appeared to be associated mainly with the level of dormancy achieved by basal buds at mid-summer, though relatively high dormancy of one or two lines at the drier site did not prevent significant plant mortality. Numbers of reproductive tillers per plant in spring and active basal buds per tiller in late summer were less important traits affecting the growth of some lines. We think that rankings for summer dormancy would be useful for screening future introductions for wetter parts (> 750 mm annual rainfall) of the south-western region of Western Australia.

scholarly journals Урожайність кукурудзи залежно від удобрення та гібриду на темно-сірих опідзолених ґрунтах

2016 ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Л. М. Єрмакова ◽  
Є. В. Крестьянінов
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Corn Grain

У статті наведено результати досліджень щодо впливу позакореневого підживлення посівів кукурудзи водорозчинним добривом «Нутрімікс», «Нутрібор» і «Мікро-Мінераліс» на фоні розрахункової норми повного мінерального добрива N158P52K52 (фон) на урожайність та якість зерна  кукурудзи. Встановлено, що застосування позакореневого підживлення на фоні основного удобрення має позитивний вплив на продуктивність досліджуваних гібридів  кукурудзи. На основі аналізу результатів досліджень виявлено, що оптимізація живлення сприяє більш повному розкриттю ресурсного потенціалу рослин та підвищенню врожайності. The results of studies of the influence of foliar feeding crops of corn water-soluble fertilizer «Nutrimiks», «Nutribor» and «Micro-Mineralis» on background calculation rules N158P52K52 complete mineral fertilizer (background) on the yield and quality of corn grain are presented. It was found that the use of foliar feeding on the background of the main fertilizer has a positive effect on the performance of the studied maize hybrids. Based on the analysis of the research results revealed that optimizing nutrition contributes to more complete disclosure of the resource potential of plants and higher yields.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS ON THE HUMUS BALANCE IN SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
L. V. Potapenko ◽  
L. М. Skachok ◽  
N. I. Horbachenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Rotation Methods ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Positive Effect

Objective. To study the efficiency of inoculation of seeds by biological preparations under in-fluence on humus balance in growing crops in short crop rotation. Methods. Field, laboratory, cal-culation-comparative. Results. It was found that the highest entrance of organic matter in the soil was due to the use of organo-mineral fertilizing system NPK-manure-green manure, which contrib-utes to the increase of organic carbon reserves by 17.4 t/ha without the use of microbial prepara-tions and by 18.0 t/ha against the background of microbial preparations in comparison with the mineral fertilizing system. The use of microbial preparations under the fertilizing systems NP-manure-green manure allows to increase the amount of organic matter entering the soil by 1.2 and 1.6 t/ha during crop rotation. Under the use of organic fertilizers (manure, green manure) in com-bination with mineral ones and seed inoculation, not only the recovery of fertility of sod-podzolic soil, but also increase in the content of humus within the limits of 0.43–0.53 t/ha is reported. The use of manure on the background of the NPK makes it possible to increase the humus reserves in the soil by 0.11 and 0.15 t/ha per year. During crop rotation, the amount of newly formed humus in this variant exceeded its mineralization loss by 0.42 t/ha without microbial preparations and by 0.58 t/ha on the background of microbial preparations. Conclusion. The positive effect of the use of biological preparations under inoculation of seeds in combination with the organo-mineral fertiliz-ing system on the content of humus in sod-podzolic soil on average by crop rotation was estab-lished. Organic-mineral fertilizing system (NPK + manure + green manure) provides the highest growth of humus reserve in soil — 0.53 t/ha per year. The use of microbial preparations in the cul-tivation of crops under this fertilizing system contributes to the increase of humus content in the soil by 0.16 t/ha during crop rotation.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen-fixing Microorganisms and Amino Acid-based Biostimulants on Perennial Ryegrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-291
Author(s):  
Verónica De Luca ◽  
Diego Gómez de Barreda ◽  
Antonio Lidón ◽  
Cristina Lull
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
High Input ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Positive Effect

Due to restrictions on pesticide and nitrogen use in high-input European agricultural systems, many of the biostimulants used in horticulture are being incorporated into turfgrass management programs—although often with little understanding. A set of experiments was carried out on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivated in pots in a greenhouse in 2013 and 2014 to test the effect of three biostimulants: two composed of nitrifying bacteria (B1 and B2), and the other a mixture of amino acids, polysaccharides, nitrogen, and micronutrients (B3). Apart from the biostimulant treatment, nutritional stress was incorporated into the study to demonstrate if biostimulants could temporarily replace the fertilization role and so lessen the environmental impact. Turfgrass treated with B1 resulted in an increase in quality compared with untreated turf, and the positive effect lasted 2 and 3 months in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Additionally, an extended benefit was observed when the B1 interval application was longer, even temporarily replacing fertilization when applied on stressed turfgrass. The B2 produced similar results to B1, the effect was longer, and the turf exhibited a darker color—although it caused phytotoxicity at the tip of the leaves. The B3 led to a beneficial effect on turfgrass, especially under nutritional stress; it showed a better quality, darker green color, and more growth and yield than untreated turf (despite adding less nitrogen than during either mineral fertilizer treatment). Overall results show that the tested biostimulants increase turfgrass quality even when inducing a nutritional stress.

scholarly journals Features of venture capital funded enterprises: evidence from Slovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Magdaléna Freňáková ◽  
Oľga Kmeťová ◽  
Pavel Blaščák
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Exact Tests ◽  
High Tech Sector ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Micro Enterprises ◽  
Scientific Hypotheses ◽  
A Share

This article contains an exploratory study of micro, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) funded by venture capital in conditions of the Slovak Republic. Their features specifically the number of employees and the affiliation to the industry branch in compliance with technological or knowledge demandingness were investigated. For that purpose two scientific hypotheses were verified. Verification of hypotheses was performed by the exact tests on the research sample consisted of 61 venture capital funded SMEs in the Slovak Republic in the time period 2001–2006. According to affiliation of enterprises to the category of micro, small and medium sized enterprises in our research sample, our assumption that the micro and small sized enterprises are more venture capital driven than medium sized enterprises was confirmed. The results showed that the majority of venture capital funded SMEs are micro-enterprises representing 60.66% and small sized enterprises with a share of 27.87%. According to affiliation of enterprise to the industry branch in compliance with its technological or knowledge demandingness in our research sample, our assumption that venture capital is related especially to the enterprises in high-tech sector was not confirmed and we can conclude that venture capital is related more to the enterprises operating in low-tech or medium low-tech sector than to the enterprises operating in high-tech or medium high-tech sector. The share of enterprises in high-tech sector was the lowest (only 3.28%) among all the sectors (low-tech, medium low-tech, medium high-tech and high-tech).

scholarly journals The study of rapeseeds ash composition in the conditions of the agroecological experiment

10.5219/1356 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Tatyana Zubkova ◽  
Svetlana Motyleva ◽  
Olga Dubrovina ◽  
Ján Brindza
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Ash Composition ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Positive Effect

A comparative analysis of the seeds ash composition of the breed Rif (Brassica napus L.) rapeseeds grown in the Lipetskaya region was held. The plants were grown in the conditions of the agroecological experiment using mineral (NPK and zeolite) and organic (hen droppings) fertilizers. 6 variants of the experiment were studied – the plants are grown without fertilizers application (the control); the mineral fertilizer (N60:P60:K60) separately and together with zeolite (5 t.ha-1); the zeolite in pure form (5 t.ha-1); hen droppings (5 t.ha-1) separately and together with zeolite (5 t.ha-1). We studied the accumulation of 9 basic elements (in mass %) contained in Brassica napus. seeds ash using the method of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The accumulation order of the elements was determined: P ≈ K > Mg ≥ Ca > Mo > S > Zn > Mn > Fe. The proportion of P fluctuated from 10.852 to 11.855 mass %; the proportion of K – from 9.933 till 12.343 mass %. The rapeseeds contained Mg, Ca, and Mo in similar concentrations within the range of 4.0 -5.8 mass %. The combined application of zeolite with organic fertilizer ensured the accumulation of the minerals in the seeds. Correlations between the elements were established. High correlation between elements K and Mo was found (r = 0.96); P and Mg (0.86); P and Fe (r = 0.94); C and Mo (r = 0.86). The positive effect of the combined organic-mineral fertilizers with poultry farms wastes usage on the mineral elements accumulation in rapeseeds was stated. It is noted that the accumulation of P, Ca, Mo, and S in rape seeds leads to a decrease in Zn.

scholarly journals Influence of protracted application of systems of basic till and fertilizer is on structure of soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
V. Kyryliuk ◽  
◽  
V. Krychkivskyi ◽  
N. Kovalchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural State ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of researches of influence of the protracted application of the different systems of basic till of soil and fertilizer are presented on basic conformities to law and parameters of changes of the structural state that took place in an arable layer. It is educed that on a background a organic-mineral fertilizer for 20 years place improvement of structuralness of arable layer on 4,5-6,0 % by the greatest index for the moldboard systems. On a background a mineral fertilizer for this period the decline of amount of structuralness aggregates is marked from 0,1 % and chisel systems to 0,6 % and moldboard. In middle for 20 replacement of ploughing nonmoldboard tills on a background a organic-mineral fertilizer resulted in the decline of structuralness of arable layer on 2,0–8,0 %. On a background a mineral fertilizer a tendency was kept, though with some more subzero values, and to the organic-mineral background declines folded 0,1–3,7 %. Amount agronomical valuable aggregates in soil depended on the amount of debrises, evenness of their placing on an arable layer and from intensity of loosening. From time of sowing to the harvest the structuralness of soil got better with the greatest positive effect in sowing of mustard white, some more subzero, - to soy and most subzero - wheat winter-annual and at permanent advantage of background of organic-mineral fertilizer above mineral.

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