scholarly journals OPERATIONAL IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT: MODERN CHALLENGES, REALITIES AND VISIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
O. I. Zhovtonog ◽  
V. V. Polishchuk ◽  
L. A. Filipenko ◽  
A. F. Saliuk ◽  
Ya. O. Butenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Irrigation Planning ◽  
The Future

Introduction. The current challenges in water and agriculture management in Ukraine wield major influence on the development of reclamation science and practice. These challenges and the realities of irrigated farming require a revision of traditional decision-making methods and criteria to ensure resource-efficient irrigation management. Analytical and experimental studies were conducted to evaluate existing irrigation practices, develop a vision for its development over the next 20-30 years, and evaluate the prospects for the use of certain innovative products that can be implemented for irrigation management under existing economic conditions and in the future. The purpose of the research was to improve the methods of operational irrigation management and support the adoption of appropriate strategic decisions to achieve resource efficiency in irrigated agriculture. The following tasks were solved: to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of the natural and economic conditions of irrigation use; to determine the basic directions of models and algorithms improvement for operational irrigation planning taking into account the spatial and temporal variability of natural and economic conditions of real production; to evaluate perspective directions of development of irrigation planning methods to ensure resource efficiency of management in the current agricultural practice. Methods and methodologies. The research was conducted during 2012-2019 at the farms of Kherson and Zaporizhzhya regions. Testing and pilot implementation of the operational irrigation planning information system “GIS Polyv” has been carried out. The studies were carried out on 306 fields, the total area of which was 9266.09 ha, the main crops were soybean, sunflower, winter wheat, alfalfa and winter rape. Research methods included on-site observations, modelling, remote sensing, and method of system analysis. Results and discussion. The role of on-site and space agro-monitoring for the correction of bioclimatic coefficients of crop water consumption taking into account the space-time variability of the actual biomass has been substantiated and demonstrated. For the adaptation of irrigation management to the conditions of air drought, it is proposed to use an additional criterion for making decisions on crop cooling, which is determined by the maximally permissible temperature duration at the vegetation surface above the physiologically acceptable level. It is established that under conditions of air drought, in addition to slowing the growth of biomass, physiological processes occur in the leaves and reproductive organs of plants, due to the increase in the temperature of the vegetation surface. According to studies of energy transfer processes in crops during periods of atmospheric drought, an increase in the use of a share of thermal energy for turbulent exchange has been found compared to the volumes of energy that is evaporated. The vision of the future development of methods of operational irrigation planning based on modern agricultural information platforms has been presented.  It will allow to choose a method of operational irrigation management, based on the capabilities of each farm economy and to provide "on-line" consulting for water user organizations or farm personnel.

scholarly journals Study of drought manifestation and its effect on the thermal regime of vegetation surface of crops under irrigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
O. I. Zhovtonog ◽  
V. V. Polishchuk ◽  
L. A. Filipenko ◽  
A. F. Saliuk ◽  
Ya. O. Butenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Drought Conditions

 Relevance of the topic. In recent years, irrigation management practices have faced new challenges related to climate change and the increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts in the southern regions. In addition, the latest technical and technological capabilities have emerged in irrigated agriculture to more effectively manage technological processes. All these processes occurring in real production and in the market of scientific and technical products, have determined the possibility and necessity of studying the influence of natural and agricultural conditions on the processes of energymass transfer in the "soil-plant-atmosphere" environment to improve management methods in modern irrigation conditions. Purpose of research is to investigate the features of formation of crop thermal regime in the conditions of air and soil drought manifestation under irrigation during 2018-2019. Research object. The research was carried out at the production fields of the farm  “Freedom Farm International” in the Kakhovsky district of Kherson region during 2018-2019. Two experimental sites were equipped to carry out experimental studies on the crop rotation of "Gornostayevske -2". Methodology and Research methods. The methodology for the conduct of thermal water balance and phenological observations on the growth and development of crops at the experimental sites was applied. Standard field research techniques were used. Analytical, field, simulation modeling, mathematical statistics, geoinformation technologies (GIS), remote sensing of the Earth (RS) methods were used. Research results. As a result of the research in 2018-2019 a database of farm fields (crops, sowing dates, soil conditions, initial moisture reserves, irrigation machines and their characteristics) was created; phenological observations of plant growth and development were performed, heat and water balance calculations were made. It was established that to ensure optimal conditions for the use of thermal energy in different drought conditions, it is necessary to improve models and algorithms for operational planning of crop irrigation. Thus, to mitigate the influence of atmospheric drought, it is recommended to conduct refreshing irrigation, the timing of which can be determined on the basis of monitoring the temperature of the vegetation surface, using the data from the space images or ground-based observations. In addition, under drought conditions, in the case of applying water-balance methods used in irrigation management, it is necessary to adjust the biological coefficients of water consumption by crops, based on modeling the production process using the WOFOST model and identifying its parameters with the help of space images. The obtained new knowledge is aimed at improving irrigation management methods in modern conditions.

scholarly journals Formation of the Traffic Flow Rate under the Influence of Traffic Flow Concentration in Time at Controlled Intersections in Tyumen, Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8324
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Morozov ◽  
Sergei Iarkov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Traffic Light

Present experience shows that it is impossible to solve the problem of traffic congestion without intelligent transport systems. Traffic management in many cities uses the data of detectors installed at controlled intersections. Further, to assess the traffic situation, the data on the traffic flow rate and its concentration are compared. Latest scientific studies propose a transition from spatial to temporal concentration. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to establish the regularities of the influence of traffic flow concentration in time on traffic flow rate at controlled city intersections. The methodological basis of this study was a systemic approach. Theoretical and experimental studies were based on the existing provisions of system analysis, traffic flow theory, experiment planning, impulses, probabilities, and mathematical statistics. Experimental data were obtained and processed using modern equipment and software: Traficam video detectors, SPECTR traffic light controller, Traficam Data Tool, SPECTR 2.0, AutoCad 2017, and STATISTICA 10. In the course of this study, the authors analyzed the dynamics of changes in the level of motorization, the structure of the motor vehicle fleet, and the dynamics of changes in the number of controlled intersections. As a result of theoretical studies, a hypothesis was put forward that the investigated process is described by a two-factor quadratic multiplicative model. Experimental studies determined the parameters of the developed model depending on the directions of traffic flow, and confirmed its adequacy according to Fisher’s criterion with a probability of at least 0.9. The results obtained can be used to control traffic flows at controlled city intersections.

Distribution System Analysis and the Future Smart Grid

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 2343-2350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Arritt ◽  
Roger C. Dugan
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Water saving strategies assessment on processing tomato cultivated in Mediterranean region

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella M. Giuliani ◽  
Giuseppe Gatta ◽  
Eugenio Nardella ◽  
Emanuele Tarantino
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Irrigation Planning ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Irrigation Volume

Processing tomato grown in Mediterranean region required high irrigation volume throughout growing season. A two-year study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on processing tomato cultivated under sub-arid conditions. A comparison between the irrigation management linked to common practice adopted by farmer and the irrigation management based on crop evapotranspiration (ET<sub>c</sub>) demand was also done. The tomato cv. <em>Genius</em> F1 was cultivated under five water regimes: minimal irrigation (I<sub>0</sub>), as irrigation only at transplanting and during fertilising; DI, to restore 60% ET<sub>c</sub>; RDI, to restore 60%-80%- 60% ET<sub>c</sub> across the three main tomato phenological stages; full irrigation (FI), to restore 100% ET<sub>c</sub>; and farmer irrigation (FaI), as irrigation following the subjective farmer method. Compared to FI, under the FaI regime, the seasonal irrigation volume was 31% and 26% higher in the 2009 and 2010, respectively, with not significant yield increase between the two water regimes. Among the irrigation regimes, only the RDI showed similar yield values over the two years, although 2010 was climatically less favourable. For the water use efficiency related to the marketable yield (WUE<sub>y</sub>), among the irrigation regimes, RDI showed the higher value together with FI. Finally, the K<sub>y</sub> was 0.91, which indicates moderate water stress tolerance for processing tomato cultivated in Mediterranean regions. In conclusion, the data obtained in the present study demonstrate that in Southern Italy the irrigation planning followed by the farmer does not follow the principles of sustainable irrigation. Moreover, with the adoption of the RDI strategy, it is possible to save about 27% of water maintaining high WUE<sub>y</sub> value with an increase of fruit quality. The adoption of this regime could be suggested in processing tomato cultivated under Mediterranean climate saving water in both the vegetative and ripening periods.

scholarly journals EFFICIENT ENGINEERING IN DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION SECTOR COMPETITIVENESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
O.N. Bekirova ◽  
◽  
S.A. Barkalov ◽  
M.S. Trifonova
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Construction Enterprise ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Optimal Construction

The COVID-19 pandemic has really become a real shock for the whole world. The way of life has changed not only for people, but also for companies in various industries. Today, the real estate market, like many other industries, is in conditions of economic instability. The study highlights the problems faced by the construction sector in the current conditions of the coronavirus pandem-ic. One of these problems is the sustainable competitiveness of construction and its compliance with new consumer preferences. Aim. The study of the influence of engineering solutions and other fac-tors on the competitiveness of construction in modern economic conditions, the definition of key criteria. Development and description of the decision-making methodology for choosing the optimal construction enterprise from the point of view of competitiveness. Materials and methods. The methods of system analysis, optimization methods, hierarchy analysis and decision theory are ap-plied in the work. Within the framework of the proposed methodology, the author's method of identifying key competitiveness criteria has been developed. Since the problem of choosing the optimal solution from among the alternatives is based on a multi-criteria approach, the use of this method is quite appropriate. The template for the formation of the methodology was identified based on the analy-sis of existing research in this area. Results. The author summarizes and supplements the criteria and factors affecting the competitiveness of construction organizations in the study. The author's method of making a decision on determining the optimal construction enterprise from the point of view of competitiveness based on the criteria considered by the author is presented. This technique includes several stages: 1) forming a goal; 2) formation of criteria by which organizations will be evaluated; 3) calculation of criteria for each organization and bringing them to a homogeneous type of data; 4) building a tree of goals and a matrix of priorities; 5) Determining the values of priority vectors for each organization under study. Conclusion. The total influence of criteria and engineering solutions on the competitiveness of construction is determined. In this regard, the implementation of the con-struction project should be carried out taking into account the strategic goals of the organization and binding to the identified criteria. The proposed methodology is developed for Russian construc-tion companies operating in modern economic conditions.

Irrigation Management and Water Pricing in Turkey

2012 ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Erol H. Cakmak
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Pricing ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Water Charges ◽  
Almost All

Irrigated agriculture in Turkey currently consumes 75 percent of the total water consumption, which corresponds to about 30 percent of the renewable water supply. Unfavorable future global climate and economic conditions will increase the stress in the water sector. The operation and maintenance (O&M) of almost all large surface irrigation schemes developed by the state has been transferred to irrigation associations governed by the farmers. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of irrigation management practices and an evaluation of irrigation water pricing after the transfer using price data at the association level since 1999. Results indicate that both irrigation water charges and collection rates increased following the transfer. However, the recuperation of investment costs for irrigation development from the users has remained minimal. The price of the irrigation water continued to be on per hectare basis, and farmers using pumping water face 2.5 times higher water charge per hectare then the gravity water users. The uptake of more efficient water application technology accompanied by pricing mechanisms reflecting scarcity value of water will certainly ease the adjustment burden of the irrigation sector in the future.

Irrigation Management and Water Pricing in Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Erol H. Cakmak
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Pricing ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Water Charges ◽  
Almost All

Irrigated agriculture in Turkey currently consumes 75 percent of the total water consumption, which corresponds to about 30 percent of the renewable water supply. Unfavorable future global climate and economic conditions will increase the stress in the water sector. The operation and maintenance (O&M) of almost all large surface irrigation schemes developed by the state has been transferred to irrigation associations governed by the farmers. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of irrigation management practices and an evaluation of irrigation water pricing after the transfer using price data at the association level since 1999. Results indicate that both irrigation water charges and collection rates increased following the transfer. However, the recuperation of investment costs for irrigation development from the users has remained minimal. The price of the irrigation water continued to be on per hectare basis, and farmers using pumping water face 2.5 times higher water charge per hectare then the gravity water users. The uptake of more efficient water application technology accompanied by pricing mechanisms reflecting scarcity value of water will certainly ease the adjustment burden of the irrigation sector in the future.

Does organizational action research have a future?

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-2019) ◽  
pp. 180-197
Author(s):  
Marianne Kristiansen ◽  
Jørgen Bloch-Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The Future ◽  
Organizational Action ◽  
The Way

This is not an ordinary article. It was written in response to some questions that the current and the former IJAR editors-in-chief asked us to reflect on. We did so gratefully, because this was a good opportunity to look back on 25 years of doing AR in organisations. The article describes four challenges of future organisational action research. Firstly, in the future an increasing number of skilled employees will make it necessary to move from co-influence of how to implement goals, to a greater degree of co-determination. Secondly, the article argues there is a need for an increased focus on documenting AR processes. Thirdly, the article calls for more selfcritical reflections on the concrete ways action researchers exercise power. Fourthly, questioning the possibilities of doing AR in organisations will become important in the future, due to socio-economic conditions such as lack of time. The article is based on a four-year research project that we carried out on various American and European approaches to action research in organisations in the 20th century. It includes, too, a description of our different personal ways into AR and some of the AR concepts we developed along the way.

scholarly journals High Plains Aquifer–State of Affairs of Irrigated Agriculture and Role of Irrigation in the Sustainability Paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ajaz ◽  
Sumon Datta ◽  
Scott Stoodley
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Groundwater Depletion ◽  
High Plains ◽  
High Plains Aquifer ◽  
Soil Moisture Sensors ◽  
Pumping Rates ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
State Of Affairs

Groundwater depletion is a serious issue in the southern and central parts of the High Plains Aquifer (HPA), USA. A considerable imbalance exists between the recharge process and groundwater extractions in these areas, which threatens the long-term sustainability of the aquifer. Irrigated agriculture has a major share in the economy, and it requires high pumping rates in regions vulnerable to large groundwater level declines. A literature review has been conducted to understand the state of affairs of irrigated agriculture in the HPA, along with the dynamics of groundwater decline and recharge using statistical and remote-sensing based datasets. Also, three irrigation management and technology-based approaches have been discussed from the perspective of sustainability. The southern and central parts of the HPA consist mostly of non-renewable groundwater formations, and the natural water storage is prone to exhaustion. Moreover, the aforementioned regions have comparatively higher crop water requirement due to the climate, and irrigating crops in these regions puts stringent pressure on the aquifer. The upper threshold of irrigation application efficiency (IAE) is high in the HPA, and could reach up to 95%; however, considerable room for improvement in irrigation water management exists. In general, the practices of irrigation scheduling used in the HPA are conventional and a small proportion of growers use modern methods to decide about irrigation timing. Among numerous ways to promote sustainable groundwater use in the HPA, deficit irrigation, use of soil moisture sensors, and subsurface drip irrigation can be considered as potential ways to attain higher lifespans in susceptible parts of the aquifer.

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