Assessment of sensory loads in civil aviation pilots

2020 ◽  
pp. 435-442
Author(s):  
E. V. Zibarev ◽  
I. V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
V. V. Serikov ◽  
S. A. Kalinina ◽  
A. G. Merkulova
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Strenuous Work ◽  
Functional Complex ◽  
Intensity Class ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Introduction. Performing flights on modern types of aircraft is accompanied by an increase in the role of process automation, changes in the structure of the pilot’s information field, an increase in the number of controlled indicators throughout the flight time and, as a result, an increase in sensory loads that contribute to the development of chronic depletion of functional reserves of the body and fatigue of the pilot, which can cause accidents and plane crashes.The aim of the study is to assess the sensory loads of members of flight crews of civil aviation aircraft when they perform regular operating procedures in a Training center on fully functional complex simulators for training cadets, flight, dispatcher and technical personnel of civil aviation.Materials and methods. A hygienic study was conducted to assess the sensory loads of pilots in the framework of performing simulation flights on full-featured complex simulators in strict step-by-step accordance with the manual for flight operation of the aircraft (33 flights were performed with the participation of 66 pilots aged 30–55 years).Results. The data obtained indicate high levels of sensory loads in pilots, which are 9.5 times higher than the maximum values set by the Management of R 2.2.2006–05 and MI NTP. INT–17.01–2018. For 4 of the 6 evaluated indicators, sensory loads corresponded to class 3.2.Conclusions. The general assessment of the labor intensity class for members of flight crews of civil aviation aircraft on the set of sensory loads corresponds to harmful strenuous work of the 3rd degree (4 indicators of sensory loads with class 3.2). The results of the study are the basis for the approval of new hygienic criteria for establishing a class of working conditions for certain indicators of sensory loads for members of flight crews of the aircraft of the civil aviation (CA) with the addition of their class 3.3. A real assessment of the pilot’s labor intensity should be obtained only on the basis of time-based measurements performed as part of a step-by-step analysis of the aircraft’s flight operation manual.

Assessment of labor intensity indicators and factors affecting fatigue in civil aviation pilots based on the results of a questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-364
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Zibarev ◽  
Igor V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
Elena A. Valtseva ◽  
Andrej V. Tokarev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fatigue Development ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Introduction. An essential feature of the professional activity of pilots of civil aviation aircraft is the high intensity of work due to pronounced emotional, intellectual, and sensory loads, unique work modes. The study aims to assess the intensity of work and the prevalence of factors affecting fatigue among civil aviation pilots according to an anonymous online questionnaire. Materials and methods. Experts surveyed 667 members of the flight crews in remote anonymous online questioning. We developed the questionnaires under the criteria for assessing the intensity of work, assessing the risk factors for fatigue development according to the ICAO recommendations, and analyzing the pilot's activity algorithm. The researchers used descriptive statistical methods to analyze the survey data. Results. The working conditions of pilots according to 7 indicators of tension correspond to class 3.2: a high level of intellectual loads (72-100% of pilots), a large number of overlapping time zones (18%), the maximum duration of concentrated observation (70.7%), a high density of signals and messages (29.9%), a significant number of objects of simultaneous observation (18.9%), a high degree of risk to one's own life and responsibility for the safety of others (98%), as well as a rough working day (79%). According to the totality of indicators, the general class of labor intensity corresponds to the highest degree (class 3.3). The factors affecting the fatigue of pilots include rare rest between flights (44.6% of respondents), intermittent sleep (59.9%), not always a full sleep before the night flight shift (85.9%). According to the survey results, the share of pilots who have spontaneous sleep during the flight is 74.3%, and frequently delayed reaction to usual, non - standard, or extreme stimuli and signals is 12.3%. Conclusions. The obtained data of the questionnaire survey confirm the results of psychophysiological studies that have shown that the level of the labor intensity of pilots is "super-intense or extreme." Therefore, considering the prevalence of factors affecting fatigue among the crew members, and based on the understanding of the fundamental problems noted by the pilots, it is necessary to develop measures and management solutions to minimize the risk factors for fatigue development.

Labor intensity and fatigue of civil aviation pilots on modern types of aircraft

2020 ◽  
pp. 630-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Zibarev ◽  
O. V. Immel ◽  
S. M. Nikonova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Aviation Pilots

A comprehensive physiological and hygienic study was conducted to assess the intensity of work among members of flight crews of civil aviation aircraft flying on modern types of aircraft and helicopters (as of 2018). The results of the survey of 226 pilots indicate high levels of labor intensity of pilots, which exceed several times (up to 7.5 times).

scholarly journals Functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of the body of students engaged in physical culture and sports

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
M.Z. Kruk ◽  
A.M. Liashevych ◽  
I.S. Chernukha ◽  
A.Z. Kruk ◽  
L.I. Levchuk
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
System A ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Radioactive Radiation

According to the authors, the assessment of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of the body during physical training and sports is of paramount importance because of the huge role of this system in the adaptation to physical activity of different nature, the optimal functioning of the organism in the most varied in terms of training activity. The analysis of the scientific literature shows that the deterioration of the indicators of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of the human body caused by the weakening of socio-economic conditions in the country, the influence of radioactive radiation, the deterioration of the quality of nutrition, the decrease of motor activity, etc. There is also a general increase in the number of cardiovascular diseases, deterioration of the body's functional reserves, systemic impaired posture, the presence of various disorders of the musculoskeletal system, a decrease in the level of physical fitness, etc. All this happens against the background of the weakening of the functions of the cardio-respiratory and nervous systems of the body during training and during the exams, which negatively affects the formation of health of future specialists. Therefore, since there is a tendency to deteriorate the health of students, in particular, the condition of their cardio-respiratory system, the question of improving it through the use of physical education is very relevant.

THE BIOLOGICAL ROLE OF MICRONUTRIENTS (MINERALS) IN FORMING HUMAN HEALTH: DERMATOLOGICAL ASPECTS. PART II

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Pavlova E.V. ◽  
Rusak Yu.E. ◽  
Efanova E.N.
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Far North ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Mineral Imbalance

The article presents facts that reflect the importance of minerals, which are indispensable components of food, necessary for a full metabolism, growth and development, to reduce the risk of morbidity, to ensure all vital functions, including reproduction of the genome, as well as protection from negative environmental influences, in particular for residents of the Far North and equivalent territories, taking part in adaptation mechanisms. The main adaptive capabilities of a person and the ability to maintain high functional reserves of the body are a consequence of the constancy of the content and intake of vitamins and chemical elements in the body. In the human body, 81 of the 92 chemical elements found in nature are found. Dermatological aspects were noted, reflecting the debut of skin signs (including changes in the appendages: hair and nails) in case of violations of the mineral imbalance in the body, since the skin, as a separate organ, provides the interaction of the entire human body with the environment, being a kind of barrier, while maintaining internal homeostasis. Ways to correct the imbalance of minerals are given.

The organizational culture of airlines as a risk factor for the professional health of pilots and flight safety in modern Russian Civil Aviation

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 667-673
Author(s):  
Valentina E. Bogdanova ◽  
Vasiliy V. Serikov ◽  
Anna A. Zakrevskaya ◽  
Ekatherina V. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Introduction. We present the study results of pilots of different age groups about the role of campaign policies in ensuring the safety of flights, health, and social well-being of pilots. The study aims to learn the ideas of civil aviation pilots of different age groups about the role of campaign policies in ensuring flight safety. Materials and methods. The researchers used the following methods as empirical research methods: focus group method, content analysis of pilots' statements, frequency analysis method, implemented in the SPSS-20 program. Results. According to the frequency analysis results, we identified adverse factors of the labor process that negatively affect flight safety. Of these, the most damaging factors of labor activity are: a violation of the elements and features of the organizational, legal and material, and economic management subsystems (organizational characteristics) - 97.5% of respondents; infringement of the work and rest regime of civil aviation pilots - 100% of respondents; stress in the workplace - 92.5% of respondents; poor-quality training - 77.5%; manipulation of wages - 77%. Conclusions. The analysis of the obtained results allows us to conclude that the management policy of the organization and personnel is a crucial factor determining flight safety, a high level of motivation to work, productivity, and health of pilots.

scholarly journals EXTRAAURAL EFFECTS IN THE OCCUPATIONAL HEARING LOSS

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-536
Author(s):  
Irina N. Fedina ◽  
E. A. Preobrazhenskaya ◽  
P. V. Serebryakov ◽  
V. B. Pankova
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Disorders Of Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Circulatory Diseases ◽  
Occupational Hearing Loss

The article presents scientific evidence showing the role of extraaural manifestations in the course of professional sensorineural hearing loss in workers exposed to industrial noise. The leading place in the structure of concomitant pathology is occupied by circulatory diseases (44-75%), which have an average degree of professional conditionality, among which arterial hypertension dominates. A high percentage of people with high blood pressure is noted among underground miners (46.7%), mechanical engineering workers (45.5%). Diseases of the cardiovascular system potentiate the effect of noise and contribute to the earlier formation and progression of hearing loss, its progredient course, increase the risk of the occupational hearing loss. Changes in indices of central hemodynamics in the course of work can be considered as a universal adaptive response of the body to the exposure of environmental factors. Changes in the indices of the functional state of the cardiovascular system are combined with disorders of lipid metabolism, with an increase in the degree of exertion of regulatory systems and a decrease in the functional reserves of the body as the professional experience increases.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Electrocardiography

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Conductor ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Source Models

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Receptions of the Past: Commemoration, Racism, Desire

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.

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