A new survey-reference vegetation map of the Baical region

2015 ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
A. V. Belov ◽  
L. P. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Central Component ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
The North

The Baikal region is a vast and complex geographic formation. Its central component is the unique Baikal Lake, recognized by UNESCO as the World Heritage Site. The territory of the Baikal region is located in the center of Asia, connecting two subcontinents: the North and Central Asia. The paper presents the stages of the cartographic studies of vegetation in the south of East Siberia within the Russian Federation, as well as in North Mongolia. All available different-scale vegetation maps of this area, literary and archival sources, and forest inventory data, as well as modern satellite images obtained from the Internet resources (Google Earth) were used to compile the vegetation map of the Baikal region. The main attention was paid to the principles and methods of mapping in 1 : 2 500 000 scale. When creating the legend well-tested for Siberian regions geographical-genetic and structural-dynamic principles of multi-dimensional and multilevel vegetation classification were applied (Sochava, 1979). Accordingly, the legend of the map has a multi-level structure. The highest hierarchical level of the legend is formed by the following vegetation types: high mountain (alpine), taiga (boreal) and steppe. Each type of vegetation is presented by its own set of plant communities of genetically close phratries of formations and their regional groups of formations. The paper describes only the structure of the highest subdivisions of the legend of the vegetation map of the Baikal region, as it is not possible to publish the whole legend due to the limited paper size. However, a fragment of the vegetation map with a full legend is presented. In general, the new map reveals in details the spatial flora-coenotic structure of the vegetation cover of the Baikal region in its evolutionary-genetic and dynamic aspects.

Middle-scale geobotanical mapping of the North-Western Cisbaikalia with regard to the evolutionary and dynamic vegetation trends

2015 ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
E. E. Korolkova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Actual State ◽  
General Development ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Mapping Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Species ◽  
North Western ◽  
Coenotic Diversity

The problem of rational use of natural resources of the Cisbaikalia is related to the study of vegetation, assessment of its actual state, extent of disturbance, as well as the prediction of dynamic trends. The investigated territory of the North-Western Cisbaikalia lies within the area of contacts of several physiographic and biogeographical boundaries. Great species and coenotic diversity of vegetation associated with it. The present-day vegetation of the region was formed in the late Pliocene – early Quaternary periods. When studying the evolutionary transformation of plant communities palynological, palaeobotanical and radiocarbon methods are used. The diversity of plant communities and their dynamics were reflected on the middle-scale (1 : 500 000) vegetation map. In constructing the mapping model and the legend to the map the vegetation was classified on geographic, genetic and structural-dynamic principles developed by V.B. Sochava and his followers. The results revealed the main regularities of distribution and development of the vegetation of the North-Western Cisbaikalia, identified their disturbance and general development trends.

scholarly journals Turismo, espaço urbano e meio ambiente: análise do projeto de esgotamento sanitário do município de Maragogi (AL)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio de Padua Gomes D´Almeida Lins ◽  
Lindemberg Medeiros de Araujo ◽  
Walter Matias Lima
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
The North

Considerada como atividade socioeconômica importante e dinâmica, o turismo tem sido adotado como alternativa de desenvolvimento pelo governo de numerosos países, estados e municípios. Entretanto, além dos impactos positivos, essa atividade, pode causar graves problemas para os sistemas ecológicos, as paisagens e as comunidades que compõem os destinos. Portanto, é importante que se adote um planejamento a longo prazo que contemple, dentre outros aspectos, o saneamento ambiental, uma dimensão central do desenvolvimento sustentável. Para que isto ocorra, é importante que os projetos de saneamento sejam bem dimensionados e que haja ampla participação popular uma vez que os residentes conhecem muito bem o território local. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a implantação e operação do projeto de esgotamento sanitário de Maragogi, município do litoral norte de Alagoas. Maragogi é o segundo maior destino turístico de Alagoas, com quase 4.000 leitos, além de ser considerado pelo Ministério do Turismo um dos 65 Destinos Indutores do país. Para se atingir o objetivo deste trabalho, considerou-se importante analisar a visão de: a) técnicos que trabalham para o governo municipal; b) moradores, empreendedores e líderes locais que têm relação com o território; c) turistas. Para tanto, o estudo utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa e adotou como instrumentos de coleta de dados entrevistas abertas, entrevistas semiestruturadas, registro fotográfico, observação direta e exames de imagens remotas (Google Earth). O estudo identificou que o projeto de saneamento não contemplou todo o território do município de Maragogi, deixando várias fontes de esgoto fora do seu alcance. Graves problemas ambientais relacionados ao saneamento continuam ocorrendo, apesar da prefeitura utilizar como uma das suas estratégias de marketing dizer que o município é 100% saneado. Tourism, urban space and environment: analysis of the sewage project of the municipality of Maragogi (AL, Brazil) ABSTRACT Regarded as an important and dynamic socio-economic activity, tourism has been adopted as a development alternative by governments of many countries, states and municipalities. However, in addition to its positive impacts this activity can cause serious problems for ecological systems, landscapes and communities that make up the destinations. Therefore, it is important to adopt a long-term planning strategy that includes, among other things, environmental sanitation, as a central component of sustainable development. For this to happen, it is important that sanitation projects are well sized and that there is adequate popular participation as residents know the local territory. The objective of this study is to analyze the implementation and operation of the Maragogi´s sewage project, in the north coast of Alagoas (Brazil). Maragogi is the second largest tourist destination of Alagoas, with almost 4,000 beds, in addition to being considered by the Ministry of Tourism as one of the country´s 65 tourism attractor projects (Projeto Destinos Indutores). To achieve the objective of this work, it was considered important to analyze the views of: a) planners working for the municipal government; b) residents, entrepreneurs and local leaders; and c) tourists. Therefore, the study used a qualitative approach and adopted the followings data-collection instruments: open interviews, semi-structured interviews, photographic survey, direct observation, and examination of remote images (Google Earth). The study identified that the sanitation project did not include the entire territory of the municipality of Maragogi, leaving several sources of sewage out of the project´s reach. Serious sanitation-related environmental problems continue to occur, despite the local government continue to use as one of their marketing strategies the message that the municipality is 100% sanitized. KEYWORDS: Tourism; Urban Space; Environment; Sanitation.

Geobotanical mapping ot the vegetation cover in the basins of the North-Eastern Cisbaikalia

2015 ◽  
pp. 62-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Sofronov
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
The North ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Archive Data ◽  
Coenotic Diversity

This paper presents the results of study of the vegetation cover in the North Baikal and the Upper Angara basins. The vegetation mapping was carried out in a scale 1 : 200 000 using the field and archive data as well as GIS-technologies. The structure of the map legend was based on the principles of multi-stage vegetation classification developed by V.B. Sochava. The vegetation map shows the basic structural-coenotic diversity of the vegetation cover of the study area. Due to the high disturbance of forest vegetation special attention was paid to structural-dynamic analysis to identify potential plant communities. The rows of transformation were estimated as well. The map provides a possibility to make a prognosis for further vegetation successions under the natural and anthropogenic influences.

scholarly journals Characterizing the behaviour of surge- and non-surge-type glaciers in the Kingata Mountains, eastern Pamir, from 1999 to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyang Lv ◽  
Huadong Guo ◽  
Xiancai Lu ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Shiyong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable State ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
The North ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Pamir Mountains ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Few Data

Abstract. Glaciers in the Pamir Mountains are generally acknowledged to be in a stable state and show the least glacial retreat in high-mountain Asia; however, they are also some of the most dynamic glaciers in the region and their behaviour has been spatially variable in recent decades. Few data exist for these glaciers, in particular relating to how they are responding to recent climatic changes. Here, we utilize Landsat 7 (ETM+), Landsat 8 (OLI), ASTER, and Google Earth optical images acquired between 1999 and 2016 to characterize the dynamics of the glaciers in the Kingata Mountains, located in the eastern Pamir Mountains. We quantify the velocity, areal, and frontal changes of these glaciers, which provide us with valuable data on their recent dynamic evolution and an indication of how they may evolve in future years. We highlight 28 glaciers among which 17 have changed markedly over the study period. We identify four advancing glaciers and 13 surge-type glaciers. The dynamic evolution of the glacier surges shows some similarity with those of the nearby Karakoram, suggesting that both hydrological and thermal controls are important for surge initiation and recession. Topography seems to be a dominant control on non-surge glacier behaviour in the Kingata Mountains, with the north side of the divide characterized by steep, avalanche-fed basins and glacier tongues now approaching recession in contrast to those on the south side of the divide that capture the majority of precipitation and have much broader plateau-like accumulation zones. This study is the first synthesis of glacial motion across this region and provides a baseline with which to compare future changes.

Comparative analysis of shape variation in the cone scales of Larix dahurica and L. cajanderi (Pinaceae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Valentina P. Vetrova ◽  
◽  
Alexey P. Barchenkov ◽  
Nadezhda V. Sinelnikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
The North ◽  
Larch Species ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Cone Scale

Geometric morphometric analysis of shape variation in the cone scales of two closely related larch species, Larix dahurica Laws. (=Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr) and L. cajanderi Mayr, was carried out. The data on the taxonomy and distribution of L. dahurica and L. cajanderi are contradictory. The taxonomic status of L. cajanderi has been confirmed by the genetic and morphological studies performed in Russia and based on considerable evidence, but the species has not been recognized internationally, being considered as a synonym of Larix gmelinii var. gmelinii. In the systematics of larch, morphological characters of the generative organs are mainly used as diagnostic markers, among the most important being the shape variation of the cone scales. The aim of this study was to test geometric morphometrics as a tool for analyzing differentiation of L. dahurica and L. cajanderi in the shape of their cone scales. Characterization of shape variations in cone scales using geometric morphometric methods consists in digitizing points along an outline of scales followed by analysis of partial warps, describing individual differences in coordinates of the outline points. We studied the populations of L. dahurica from Evenkia and the Trans-Baikal region and six L. cajanderi populations from Yakutia and Magadan Oblast. In each population, we analyzed samples of 100-150 cones collected from 20-30 trees. Scales taken from the middle part of the cones were scanned using an Epson Perfection V500 Photo. On the scanned images, outline points were placed with a TPSDig program (Rolf, 2010), using angular algorithm (Oreshkova et al., 2015). The data were processed and analyzed using Integrated Morphometrics Programs (IMP) software (http://www.canisius.edu/~sheets/ morphsoft.html, Sheets, 2001), following the guidelines on geometric morphometrics in biology (Pavlinov, Mikeshina, 2002; Zelditch et al., 2004). Initial coordinates of the scale landmarks were aligned with the mean structure for L. dahurica and L. cajanderi cone scales using Procrustes superimposition in the CoordGen6 program. PCA based on covariances of partial warp scores was applied to reveal directions of variation in the shape of the cone scales. The relative deformations of the cone scales (PCA scores) were used as shape variables for statistical comparisons of these two larch species with canonical discriminant analysis. Morphotypes of the cone scales were distinguished in L. dahurica populations by pairwise comparison of samples from trees in the TwoGroup6h program using Bootstrap resampling-based Goodall’s F-test (Sheets, 2001). Samples from the trees in which the cone scales differed significantly (p < 0.01) were considered to belong to different morphotypes. Morphotypes distinguished in L. dahurica populations were compared with the morphotypes that we had previously determined in L. cajanderi populations. The composition and the frequency of occurrence of morphotypes were used to determine phenotypic distances between populations (Zhivotovskii, 1991). Multidimensional scaling matrix of the phenotypic distances was applied for ordination of larch populations. In this research, we revealed differentiation of L. dahurica and L. cajanderi using geometric morphometric analysis of the shape variation of cone scales. The results of PCA of partial warp scores exposed four principal components, which account for 90% of total explained variance in the shape of the cone scales in the two larch species. Graphical representations of these shape transformations in the vector form characterized directions of shape variability in scales corresponding to the maximum and minimum values of four principal components (See Fig. 2). PCA-ordination of the larch populations revealed some difference in the shape variation of the cone scales in L. dahurica and L. cajanderi (See Fig. 3). The results of canonical discriminant analysis of relative deformations of scales showed differentiation of the populations of the two larch species (See Fig. 4). Eleven morphotypes were identified in L. dahurica cones from Evenkia and nine morphotypes in the Ingoda population, three of the morphotypes being common for both populations (See Fig. 5). The shape of L. dahurica cone scales varied from spatulate to oval and their apical margins from weakly sinuate to distinctly sinuate. The Trans-Baikal population was dominated by scales with obtuse (truncate) and rounded apexes. The obtained morphotypes were compared with 25 cone scale morphotypes previously distinguished in the Yakut and the Magadan L. cajanderi populations (See Fig. 3). Four similar morphotypes of cone scales were revealed in the North-Yeniseisk population of L. dahurica and the Yakut populations of L. cajanderi. The differences between them in the populations of the two larch species were nonsignificant (p > 0.01). All morphotypes of cone scales from the Ingoda population of L. dahurica differed significantly from L. cajanderi cone scale morphotypes. The results of multidimensional scaling phenotypic distance matrix calculated based on the similarity of morphotypes of L. dahurica and L. cajanderi populations were consistent with the results of their differentiation based on relative deformations of scales obtained using canonical discriminant analysis (See Fig. 4 and Fig. 7). In spite of the differences in the shape of the cone scales between the North-Yeniseisk and the Trans-Baikal populations of L. dahurica, they both differed from L. cajanderi populations. Thus, phenotypic analysis confirmed differentiation of these two larch species. Despite the similarities between a number of morphotypes, the Yakut L. cajanderi populations were differentiated from L. dahurica populations. Significant differences were noted between intraspecific groups: between L. cajanderi populations from Okhotsk-Kolyma Upland and Yakutia and between L. dahurica populations from Evenkia and the Trans-Baikal region (See Fig. 4). The similarities between species and intraspecific differences may be attributed to the ongoing processes of hybridization and species formation in the region where the ranges of the larches overlap with the ranges of L. czekanowskii Szafer and L. dahurica×L. cajanderi hybrids. Geometric morphometrics can be used as an effective tool for analyzing differentiation of L. dahurica and L. cajanderi in the shape of their cone scales.

FEATURES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF KARACHAY GOATS DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS OF BREEDING

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
М.I. SELIONOVA ◽  
◽  
Т.V. МАМОNTOVA ◽  
А.–М.М. AYBAZOV
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain Zone ◽  
Goat Population

In recent years, goat breeds with a dairy-meat-wool or combined productivity type, represented by local breeds that are bred mainly in the foothills and mountainous regions of the North Caucasus, Altai, Tyva and Khakassia, have become increasingly widespread in Russia. The Karachay goat population is the most interesting for research, since in their breeding was aimed at obtaining animals with a number of unique productive characteristics and capable of producing the required outputs under the harsh conditions of the mountain and foothill zones of the Caucasus. In view of the limited research on these animals, in particular their reproductive functions, the aim of this study was to investigate the natural implementation of the reproductive function of the Karachay goats in different geographical areas of breeding. There are slight differences in some parameters of Karachay goat reproduction in high mountain zone (from 2000 m a.s.l.) and middle mountain zone (1000–1500 m a.s.l.). An important conclusion is that the recognized low fertility of the Karachay goats is not genetically determined. Analyzing the number of ovulations and fresh yellow bodies in the ovaries by laparoscopy using Karl Storz (Germany) endoscopic equipment, the authors found a potential fecundity of 3.1 (2.8 to 3.4).

scholarly journals NO<sub>2</sub> seasonal evolution in the North Subtropical free troposphere

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 14473-14504
Author(s):  
M. Gil-Ojeda ◽  
M. Navarro-Comas ◽  
L. Gómez-Martín ◽  
J. A. Adame ◽  
A. Saiz-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Seasonal Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
Measuring Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pollution Events

Abstract. Three years of Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAXDOAS) measurements (2011–2013) have been used for estimating the NO2 mixing ratio along a horizontal line of sight from the high mountain Subtropical observatory of Izaña, at 2370 m a.s.l. (NDACC station, 28.3° N, 16.5° W). The method is based on horizontal path calculation from the O2–O2 collisional complex at the 477 nm absorption band which is measured simultaneously to the NO2, and is applicable under low aerosols loading conditions. The MAXDOAS technique, applied in horizontal mode in the free troposphere, minimizes the impact of the NO2 contamination resulting from the arrival of MBL airmasses from thermally forced upwelling breeze during central hours of the day. Comparisons with in-situ observations show that during most of measuring period the MAXDOAS is insensitive or very little sensitive to the upwelling breeze. Exceptions are found during pollution events under southern wind conditions. On these occasions, evidence of fast efficient and irreversible transport from the surface to the free troposphere is found. Background NO2 vmr, representative of the remote free troposphere, are in the range of 20–45 pptv. The observed seasonal evolution shows an annual wave where the peak is in phase with the solar radiation. Model simulations with the chemistry-climate CAM-Chem model are in good agreement with the NO2 measurements, and are used to further investigate the possible drivers of the NO2 seasonality observed at Izaña.

scholarly journals Analysis of high-mountain vegetation of the Kurai Ridge

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00102
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Popova ◽  
Evgeniy Sinkovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Position ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Mountain Vegetation ◽  
Plant Families

The paper presents a taxonomic, areographic and belt-andzonal analysis of the high-mountain flora of the Kurai Ridge. The flora of the region in question contains 312 species of plants, referred to 143 genera belonging to 48 families. Analysis of the taxonomic structure of the high-mountain flora of the Kurai Ridge has shown the following most abundant plant families: Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Poaceae. For the variety of the genera, the following genera are predominant: Carex, Pedicularis, Salix, and Oxytropis. The areographic analysis has demonstrated that the said species are of the North Asian (21 %), South Siberian (19.4 %) and Holarctic (17.4 %) origins. Dominant in the belt-and-zonal range are the following species: high-mountain (23.2 %), light-coniferous forest (17.7 %) and Arctic Alpine (17.4 %) species. In general, the composition and structure of the high-mountain flora of the Kurai Ridge are determined by its geographic position at the boundary of Central and South-Eastern Altai and by decrease in the amount of precipitation in the south-eastern direction.

scholarly journals Olomouc - Possibilities of Geovisualization of the Historical City

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Stanislav Popelka ◽  
Alžběta Brychtová
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
The City

Olomouc, nowadays a city with 100,000 inhabitants, has always been considered as one of the most prominent Czech cities. It is a social and economical centre, which history started just about the 11th century. The present appearance of the city has its roots in the 18th century, when the city was almost razed to the ground after the Thirty years’ war and a great fire in 1709. After that, the city was rebuilt to a baroque military fortress against Prussia army. At the beginning of the 20th century the majority of the fortress was demolished. Character of the town is dominated by the large number of churches, burgher’s houses and other architecturally significant buildings, like a Holy Trinity Column, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Aim of this project was to state the most suitable methods of visualization of spatial-temporal change in historical build-up area from the tourist’s point of view, and to design and evaluate possibilities of spatial data acquisition. There are many methods of 2D and 3D visualization which are suitable for depiction of historical and contemporary situation. In the article four approaches are discussed comparison of historical and recent pictures or photos, overlaying historical maps over the orthophoto, enhanced visualization of historical map in large scale using the third dimension and photorealistic 3D models of the same area in different ages. All mentioned methods were geolocalizated using the Google Earth environment and multimedia features were added to enhance the impression of perception. Possibilities of visualization, which were outlined above, were realized on a case study of the Olomouc city. As a source of historical data were used rapport plans of the bastion fortress from the 17th century. The accuracy of historical maps was confirmed by cartometric methods with use of the MapAnalyst software. Registration of the spatial-temporal changes information has a great potential in urban planning or realization of reconstruction and particularly in the propagation of the region and increasing the knowledge of citizens about the history of Olomouc.

scholarly journals Pathway Complexity in Fuel-Driven DNA Nanostructures with Autonomous Reconfiguration of Multiple Dynamic Steady States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Deng ◽  
Andreas Walther
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Recognition ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Hierarchical Level ◽  
Dna Nanostructures ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Systems Chemistry ◽  
Sticky End ◽  
Autonomous Evolution

We introduce pathway complexity on a multicomponent systems level in chemically fueled transient DNA polymerization system. The systems are based on a monomeric species pool that is fueled by ATP and orchestrated by an enzymatic reaction network (ERN) of ATP-powered ligation and concurrent cleavage. Such systems display autonomous evolution over multiple structural dynamic steady states from monomers to dimers, oligomer of dimers to ultimately randomized polymer structure before being ultimately degraded back to monomers once the fuel is consumed. The enabling key principle is to design monomer species having kinetically selected molecular recognition with respect to the structure-forming step (ATP-powered ligation) by encoding different sticky-end overhangs into the ligation area. However, all formed structures are equally degraded, and the orthogonal molecular recognition of the different starting species are harmonized during the constantly occurring restriction process, leading in consequence to a reconfiguration of the driven dynamic nanostructures on a higher hierarchical level. This non-equilibrium systems chemistry approach to pathway complexity provides new conceptual insights in fuel-driven automatons and autonomous materials design.

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