scholarly journals The first stages of formation communication means in Khorezm

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Yusupov Izzat Sultanovich
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Communication Service ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Fast Running ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Written Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Ancient Times

In this article, there was highlighted the appearance and formation of communication service in human history, especially, in Khorezm the history of development of communication system dates back to early ancient. Appearance, formation and development processes of it in Khorezm oasis covers several thousand years. In the early periods, the population of the oasis had to use various ways to satisfy their requirements of communicating and relating with each other. It is necessary to emphasize that the geographical location of the oasis also was of great importance in the appearance and peculiar development of communication service in ancient times, together with the ancient history of communications with nomadic tribes in indoor and outdoor territories and states. Because the needs of rulers for the information about the situation in dependent territories always increased after the formation of slave-owning society. The beginning of paying attention to the development of controlling the system of sending and receiving messages and organizing special systems is a process continuously connected with the emergence of writings and there appeared opportunities of sending messages and information in written form because of letters. One of the ancient communication objects, postal service was an object of sending decrees and messages and it was organized in the oasis as state system in the 5th and 4th centuries B.C.. As a result there was organized postal service along caravan roads. There was left information that news bearers and ambassadors of kings were provided with food and fast-running horses in special stops on the ways and they had their peculiar costume and order (payza) approving their profession and position. Those stops were the reason for the rise of communication to a new stage together with serving as a place where tar couriers rest and change their horses.   

MODERN PERFORMANCE ON THE KAZAKH KOBYZ

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
T. Zh. Yeginbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ensemble Performance ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
New Development ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

Global processes in the musical culture of Kazakhstan are the result of the numerous events that have taken place in the country over the past 20 years. The independence of the state has become a key factor that has had a decisive impact on the economic, socio-political and cultural development of the country. We have entered a new life, which has a rich cultural heritage and was carefully preserved by our ancestors. One of the proofs is the history of Kazakh kobyz art from ancient times to the present day. Modern kobyz art is closely connected with ancient history and has a rich natural tendency for new development, based on centuries of experience. Therefore, kobyz music of the XXth–XXIst centuries absorbed the traditions of European genres and styles, and is widely used in mass music, in various directions of ethnorock, art-rock, folk and others. Two lines of development of music for kobyz and music on kobyz existed in ancient times and nowadays. From here comes the divergence of creative direction among modern composers and in ensemble performance.

scholarly journals Islamic Art and Language as a Source of Inspiration Leading to Traditional Arabic Calligraphy Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Duaa Mohammed Alashari ◽  
Abd.Rahman Hamzah ◽  
Nurazmallail Marni
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Written Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Arabic Calligraphy

The Islamic art has developed from different kind of visual art. Arabic calligraphy is one of the most prominent arts starting from the revolution of the Quran and has a long history. This paper will help to provide some sources of information that can be used by people who would like to understand and study the Islamic calligraphy and Islamic art. Also, this paper is connecting the Arabic language to universal spirituality and express how Arabic calligraphy has become a prominent feature in Islamic world. Indeed, this paper provides a brief of the long history of Islamic calligraphy, explains about some of various of Arabic fonts style, and some important Quranic colour that has significant in the Islamic culture. Arabic calligraphy, which is also known as Islamic calligraphy, has a long history of development starting from the first written form of the Quran, in the early 7th century. The Arabic calligraphy art presents how to understand and appreciate its varied styles and modes. Calligraphers start creating their art by using some passages from the Quran or Arabic poems as a starting point then they develop their compositions in a complex and intricate piece of art by the overlap of Arabic letter and words that integrate. Arabic calligraphy is about movement, rhythm and dynamism as seen through the calligraphic marks in most mosques or Islamic building or Islamic calligraphy painting. Islamic calligraphy presents the aspect of aesthetic principles and demonstrate the love for Arabic language and culture with the aesthetic methods of traditional Arabic art.

scholarly journals ARCHES WITH GLUED WOOD. THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-267
Author(s):  
Denis Mikhailovsky ◽  
Tatiana Skliarova ◽  
Bogdan Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Structural Form ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Wooden Structures

Building structures made of solid and glued timber have long been widely used in many countries of the world, they have existed for several centuries. Their appearance is due to the fact that the available material, wood of natural origin, often could not be obtained with the desired section and quality. The simplest solution to this problem was the flaking of wooden fragments into one solid monolithic element. With the advent of effective technologies, all kinds of production of a large number of various wooden structures appeared, which opened up much more opportunities for designing with glued timber, and its ability to bend and fit into the desired shape, contributed to their use in the manufacture of arched structures. The arch is one of the most interesting and effective designs, the shape of an arch is very common in nature, which speaks of a bionic approach to design, which, by its form, bears both aesthetic and practical significance. Arches have been used by mankind since ancient times, and to be precise, they first appeared in the II millennium BC in the architecture of the Ancient East, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Mesopotamia, ancient and Hellenic Syria, and continue to be used to this day, which speaks of their eternal relevance and the need for further improvement and development of this constructive form. The paper considers the process of formation and development of arched structures, in general, and in particular from wood. This work will be able to help to more accurately understand the processes that have influenced, influence and will influence the calculation and design of arched structures, which in turn will help formulate a more competent approach to the design and modification of this structural form. Also, the advantages of glued timber design, its best application in construction and architecture, as well as the advantages of using arched structures will be revealed again.

scholarly journals USE AND PRODUCTION OF NATURAL GAS IN AZERBAIJAN

ASJ. ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (42) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
E. Gasumov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The article deals with the history of development of oil and gas industry in Azerbaijan. Information about the surface show of combustible (natural) gas from ancient times, seeping through fractures from the deep bowels of the earth and about gas torches - "eternal fire" are presented. The stages of gas industry development in Azerbaijan are given.

Study of the structure of the financial centers of Zurich and Geneva and their development trends

ANCIENT LAND ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Xəyalə Mənsur qızı Məmmədova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Financial Center

Europe has long been a major trading and financial center. The formation of these areas as financial centers is primarily based on the historical geographical location of the cities in which they are located. Due to the development of the financial sector, the main financial centers currently located in Europe are London, Zurich, Luxembourg, Geneva, Frankfurt and Tallinn. This article analyzes the history of development of Zurich and Geneva financial centers and the general features of their current activities, development trends. Key words: Zurich, Geneva, financial center, European Union

scholarly journals HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Naumchuk ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Trosteniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Historical Past

The article considers the historical aspects of the development of corruption from ancient times to the present. The study analyzed the existing views of various thinkers on this negative phenomenon. The study found that the analysis of corruption as a negative social phenomenon is not possible without a study of its historical past, the accumulation of knowledge to understand the preconditions for its emergence and spread in a given area. The study of historical aspects of the development of corruption contributes to a more objective adaptation to change and helps to more accurately predict the fight against this phenomenon in the future. During the analysis of historical aspects of anti-corruption policy development, they tried to investigate the main origins of this non-agent phenomenon, its evolution, the nature of its origin, because the study of historical experience will contribute to positive changes in today's conditions. The study found that all mentions of corruption as a negative socio-economic, political, legal and moral phenomenon that arises as a result of inefficient use of civil servants. The writing of the article is based on the hypothesis that the historical aspects of the development of anti-corruption policy need to be deepened and objectively assess the connection between the past and the present, predicting the future. The evolution of corruption is an integral part of the evolution of countries, which has contributed to the transformation of bribery into a system of complex phenomena, not only local but also global. The study of genesis, its scientific understanding through the historical aspects of development in society will contribute to the formation of objective conclusions, avoiding the existing mistakes of the previous generation, through the use of experience. The study of historical aspects of anti-corruption policy is relevant due to the urgent need to identify and improve modern mechanisms to prevent the emergence and spread of this complex negative social phenomenon, given its complex and long history of development, which has some differences in different countries but has the same social-political and economic consequences.

scholarly journals Justice in Commercial Matters: History of Development and Novelties of Ukrainian Reform

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-61
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Commercial Arbitration ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Written Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Procedural Rights ◽  
Commercial Courts

The judicial system of commercial (arbitration) courts of Ukraine has undergone a difficult path of formation and approval. An active process of creating the system of arbitration courts in Ukraine began in 1991, with the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the Law of Ukraine ‘On the Arbitration Court’. This law defined the prerogatives of the arbitration court as one of the branches of the judiciary designed to administer justice in commercial relations. The main peculiarity of the arbitration court as a part of the judiciary was its specialization. Today we are the witnesses of the final stage of the reform of commercial courts and commercial justice as a whole within the adoption of the Law of Ukraine ‘On the Judiciary and Status of Judges’ in 2016. Within current judicial reform in Ukraine, not only the organization of the courts itself, but also the procedure for reviewing commercial cases has changed. The main novels of commercial justice, analysed in this paper, are the following: reflection of the main purpose of the CPC and the basic principles, among which there are new ones: proportionality and case management; more complete implementation of the principles of publicity and openness, etc.; introduction of electronic justice; differentiation of proceedings; determining the written statements of the participants of the case and the written form of the proceedings; improvement of the procedure of proof in the case, as well as distribution of court costs in the case, taking into account the main elements of case management and the need to ensure the principle of cooperation between the court and the parties in the case; as well as the prevention of confusion with procedural rights in the process and the settlement of a dispute with the participation of a judge. Keywords: commercial justice, main purpose of the CPC, proportionality, case management, publicity and openness

STATE AND LAW: ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL AND LEGAL TEACHING

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Firyuza Mukhitdinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
State Law ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
State Program ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The article analyzes the history of state and law in Uzbekistan from ancient times to the present day. The scientific heritage of our great scientists has been revealed. The historical and theoretical aspects of the development of state and law on the territory of Uzbekistan are analyzed,as well as issues of human rights, judicial and legislative problems in the history of development. Attention was paid to the State Program of 2021 on youth support and improvement of legislation.Key words:history, state, law, duty, justice, humanity, youth, reforms

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