scholarly journals HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Naumchuk ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Trosteniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Historical Past

The article considers the historical aspects of the development of corruption from ancient times to the present. The study analyzed the existing views of various thinkers on this negative phenomenon. The study found that the analysis of corruption as a negative social phenomenon is not possible without a study of its historical past, the accumulation of knowledge to understand the preconditions for its emergence and spread in a given area. The study of historical aspects of the development of corruption contributes to a more objective adaptation to change and helps to more accurately predict the fight against this phenomenon in the future. During the analysis of historical aspects of anti-corruption policy development, they tried to investigate the main origins of this non-agent phenomenon, its evolution, the nature of its origin, because the study of historical experience will contribute to positive changes in today's conditions. The study found that all mentions of corruption as a negative socio-economic, political, legal and moral phenomenon that arises as a result of inefficient use of civil servants. The writing of the article is based on the hypothesis that the historical aspects of the development of anti-corruption policy need to be deepened and objectively assess the connection between the past and the present, predicting the future. The evolution of corruption is an integral part of the evolution of countries, which has contributed to the transformation of bribery into a system of complex phenomena, not only local but also global. The study of genesis, its scientific understanding through the historical aspects of development in society will contribute to the formation of objective conclusions, avoiding the existing mistakes of the previous generation, through the use of experience. The study of historical aspects of anti-corruption policy is relevant due to the urgent need to identify and improve modern mechanisms to prevent the emergence and spread of this complex negative social phenomenon, given its complex and long history of development, which has some differences in different countries but has the same social-political and economic consequences.

Formation of the Institute of Human Rights in Russia: Historical Aspects and Modernity

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Viktor Yu. MELNIKOV ◽  
Yuri A. KOLESNIKOV ◽  
Alla V. KISELEVA ◽  
Bika B. DZHAMALOVA ◽  
Aleksandra I. NOVITSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Without understanding the past can be neither a viable present and no decent future. The appeal of the nation to its history – this is not an attempt to escape from the present and uncertainty about the future. This understanding of who we are, where we came from. Based on our experience, we can confidently move forward. Not happen in the Russian revolution, which way went the history of the world? Can we learn from the past to prevent another disaster? The lessons of history are there – they just need to be able to retrieve. The main lesson we can learn from what happened in 1917 – the need to value human life. Russia of the late XIX – early XX century was an incredible human potential.

scholarly journals The first stages of formation communication means in Khorezm

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 98-100
Author(s):  
Yusupov Izzat Sultanovich
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Postal Service ◽  
Communication Service ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Fast Running ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Written Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Ancient Times

In this article, there was highlighted the appearance and formation of communication service in human history, especially, in Khorezm the history of development of communication system dates back to early ancient. Appearance, formation and development processes of it in Khorezm oasis covers several thousand years. In the early periods, the population of the oasis had to use various ways to satisfy their requirements of communicating and relating with each other. It is necessary to emphasize that the geographical location of the oasis also was of great importance in the appearance and peculiar development of communication service in ancient times, together with the ancient history of communications with nomadic tribes in indoor and outdoor territories and states. Because the needs of rulers for the information about the situation in dependent territories always increased after the formation of slave-owning society. The beginning of paying attention to the development of controlling the system of sending and receiving messages and organizing special systems is a process continuously connected with the emergence of writings and there appeared opportunities of sending messages and information in written form because of letters. One of the ancient communication objects, postal service was an object of sending decrees and messages and it was organized in the oasis as state system in the 5th and 4th centuries B.C.. As a result there was organized postal service along caravan roads. There was left information that news bearers and ambassadors of kings were provided with food and fast-running horses in special stops on the ways and they had their peculiar costume and order (payza) approving their profession and position. Those stops were the reason for the rise of communication to a new stage together with serving as a place where tar couriers rest and change their horses.   

scholarly journals History of China's policy development in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the second half of the XX - the beginning of the XXI century

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Ilina Radikovna Usmanova ◽  
Vitaly Anatolievich Epshteyn ◽  
Rustem Ravilevich Muhametzyanov ◽  
Aygul Irekovna Akhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
National Question ◽  
Chinese Policy ◽  
History Of

The article discusses the national policy of the People's Republic of China in relation to the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Recently, the national question in the PRC has been raised again. Its relevance is due not only to the tragic events that took place in the XUAR, but also to the grandiose plans that were set by the PRC leadership on the eve of the upcoming anniversary of the country. Relations with many peoples that are part of the PRC have a long history of development. This article will discuss the history of the development of Chinese policy towards the Uighurs, who are the predominant ethnic group in the territory of the XUAR. Not only the prestige of the PRC in the international arena, but also the implementation of several economic projects depends on how this issue is resolved soon.    

scholarly journals Historical aspects of development of digital systems in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (189) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Mykola Anisimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Systems ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Material Ordering ◽  
Professional Disciplines

In article the made attempt to tell about some scientific schools in the field of digital electronic computer facilities in days of its formation. It is necessary to note results of huge self-denying work of collectives scientific and operated them on maintenance with computer facilities of space researches, atomic engineering, rocket production, the first class systems of supervision over space, antimissile і antiaircraft defence. Necessity of the additional information at studying of such disciplines as: «Computer science», «the Engineering and computer drawing», «Metrology», «Standardization», etc. has shown, that it is necessary to give on employment to students an additional material from history of development of digital systems in different fields of knowledge. Therefore we have laid down for ourselves the aim in given article to result some examples of historical aspects of development of digital measuring systems in Ukraine and their industrial application. This additional information can be used at studying of discipline «Standardization» with attraction general The technical, and also profile subjects. The huge role in formation of a new direction (computing systems) was brought by Victor Mihajlovich Glushkov. In December, 1957 the laboratory has been transformed to Computer centre AN USSR with the scientific research institute rights. In 1962 the Computer centre has been transformed to Institute of cybernetics AN USSR which director till the end of a life there was V. M. Glushkov. At this institute under the guidance of Victor Mihajlovicha there were created tens types of the COMPUTER, many of which not only answered the world standards, but also have opened absolutely new directions in computer facilities development. So, for example, cars of a series the WORLD (the car for engineering calculations) became a prototype of personal computers. It has been even more designed different operating systems and complexes. The institute became a leader in working out and in manufacture of the automated control systems. This small analysis which has been executed from material ordering which concerns directly all general technical and professional disciplines.

scholarly journals History of codification of private law in the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-28
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Avornic ◽  
◽  
Violeta Cojocaru ◽  
Iulian Moraru ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

The division of the entire system of law into public law and private law comes from ancient times, which we have referred to in several previous personal publications. In this article we will analyze the evolution of private law in the Republic of Moldova. Private law constitutes one of the fundamental subdivisions of the science of law as a whole. At the level of the Republic of Moldova, the subdivision in question represents a distinct specific in the context that: (i) it is stratified into numerous branches of law and (ii) it constitutes a symbiosis of several national, supranational and international private legislations that correspond to modern trends of evolution of related social relations. One of the main branches of domestic private law is civil law, namely the rules tangent to the branch of law in question regulate a considerable number of social relations varied in terms of structure and content. This article will briefly address evolutionary-historical aspects of the private law legislation of the Republic of Moldova. In particular, we will analyze the influence of the Model Civil Code of the CIS States, on the one hand, and European legislation, on the other. Historical aspects will be divided into three periods.

scholarly journals The Coronavirus Pandemic - a Systemic overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Diani
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Systemic Thinking ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

The Coronavirus pandemic is a major challenge to human wellbeing; it directly affects health, and indirectly involves the economic, politic and social spheres. This, in turn, is going to have major systemic, worldwide health, social and environmental consequences. In this paper, I will briefly sum up the history of the pandemic, the worldwide diffusion, the major different political reactions, as well as health and political countermeasures, and the economic consequences / evaluations for the future. The aim of this paper is to show and address all the different spheres involved and their relationships. Emphasis will be placed on the paradoxical presence of a large amount of data and the big uncertainty for the future. The outcomes will be briefly analyzed on a healthcare, political and socio-economical level. The point of view is systemic with human beings, institutions and the environment seen as a whole. Systemic thinking allows interdisciplinary research to be decisive in understanding the worldwide reaction to the pandemic. The global response to this crisis is of historical significance, and therefore potentially decisive for the multi-layered future of the world.

The Future Perfect, Autopsy, and Enfreakment on the 19th-Century Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Danielle Bainbridge
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
The Public ◽  
Black Performance ◽  
Freak Shows ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Past

The public autopsies of 19th-century enfreaked performers remains a central issue in studies of 19th-century enslavement. While previously black performance studies focused on the instability of the historical past tense, the study of freak shows and enslavement dictates a reckoning with the future perfect tense, which sheds light on the history of the future by asking “what will have been” rather than “what was” or “what could have been.”

scholarly journals Once Again on Memorism…

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Kalmár
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Middle Ages

In 1993, Gyula Hajnóczi added supplementary thoughts to Lajos Fülep's earlier interpretation of Memorism, according to which the mentioned concept would also apply to the history of architecture, similarly to other branches of art. He perceived a remembering-like continuity in architecture, starting from ancient times, through the Renaissance, to the present day. He formulated three topics that generate a theoretical problem, thus require further investigation. According to him, the form-based approach shows the otherness of the Middle Ages. And after the age of historicism, he perceived a kind of "ago- nization" with negative content. His third conjecture was the transcendence being inherent in architecture and unfolding in history.The line of thought, originating from nearly thirty years ago, may come into new light if the history of architecture is approached not exclusively from the direction of the history of forms. If not the differences but continuity gets into the focus, and all this is extended to the problems of the present and the future. Of course, all the above issues can only be interpreted with further contemplation.Hajnóczi Gyula 1993-ban Fülep Lajos korábbi memorizmus értelmezéséhez kiegészítést fűzött, miszerint az említett fogalom az építészettörténetre is vonatkozik, hasonlóan a művészet egyéb ágaihoz. Emlékező jellegű folyamatosságot érzékelt az építészetben, az ókortól kezdve, a reneszánszon keresztül, egészen napjainkig. Megfogalmazott három témát, mely elméleti problémát gerjesztve, további vizsgálatot igényel. Szerinte, a formai alapú szemléletből kitűnik a középkor mássága. A historizmus kora után pedig egyfajta negatív tartalmú „agonizálást" érzékelt. A harmadik sejtése az építészetben rejlő, a történelemben kibontakozó transzcendencia volt.A közel harminc évvel ezelőtti gondolatsor új megvilágításba kerülhet, ha az építészettörténet nem csak formatörténet szerinti megközelítésű. Ha nem a különbözőséget, hanem a folyamatosságot vizsgálja és mindez kiterjed a jelen és jövő problémáira is. Természetesen mindez csak továbbgondolva értelmezhető

Paradigm shift or normal science? The future of (biosocial) criminology

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rocque ◽  
Chad Posick
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Fringe Field ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Biosocial Criminology ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

For much of the history of criminology, tension has existed between sociologically oriented and biologically oriented perspectives. In recent years, a new, more nuanced approach has emerged which attempts to take both perspectives seriously and integrate them into a biosocial criminology. Yet, it remains, in large part, a fringe field of study. We argue that this is due, primarily, to critical as well as supportive scholars’ views that the ‘biosocial’ perspective represents a paradigm shift in the field of criminology. In this article, drawing on our work with the late Nicole Rafter, we present a case that rather than a paradigm shift, this biosocial turn simply represents a maturing field. In doing so, we describe the ways in which biosocial criminology examines crime and antisocial behavior as a biological and social phenomenon. At the same time, we also point out some cautions with respect to this body of work. We conclude with a vision of the future of (biosocial) criminology.

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