scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE DYNAMICS OF POST-PYROGENIC COWBERRY PINE STANDS OF THE NORTHERN CIS-URAL (KOMI REPUBLIC)

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-633
Author(s):  
I.N. Kutyavin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Manov ◽  
A.V. Dymov ◽  
◽  
...  

Observations results of the development of cowberry pine stands on Pechoro-Ilychsky Reserve territory using the method of permanent sample plots are presented. It was established that pine stands, despite the active replenishment of their species composition with young coniferous trees, have a relatively stable supply of stem wood. It is noted that with a prolonged absence of fires, an active replenishment of the forest stand with new generations of Pinus sylvestris, Picea obovata and Pinus sibirica trees of different ages. It revealed that grassroots weak fires contribute jump regeneration of Picea obovata and Pinus sibirica that are gradually introduced into the pine stands.

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murzabyek Sarkhad ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Ikumi Nezu ◽  
Bayasaa Tumenjargal ◽  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
...  

Abstract The quality of dimension lumber (2 by 4 lumber) was preliminarily investigated in four common Mongolian softwoods: Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Picea obovata Ledeb., and Larix sibirica Ledeb. to produce high quality dimension lumber for structural use. In total 61, 39, 67, and 37 pieces of lumber were prepared for Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, and L. sibirica, respectively. The lumber was visually graded and then tested in static bending to obtain the 5% lower tolerance limits at 75% confidence level (f0.05) of the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR). In addition, the effects of sawing patterns on bending properties were also analyzed. The f0.05 of the MOE and MOR were 4.75 GPa and 15.6 MPa, 3.39 GPa and 11.0 MPa, 3.78 GPa and 11.7 MPa, and 6.07 GPa and 22.3 MPa for Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, and L. sibirica, respectively. These results suggested that with a few exceptions, characteristic values of MOR in the four common Mongolian softwoods resembled those in similar commercial species already used. In visual grading, over 80% of total lumber was assigned to select structural and No. 1 grades in Pinus sylvestris and Pinus sibirica, whereas approximately 40% of total lumber in L. sibirica was No. 3 and out of grades. Sawing patterns affected bending properties in Pinus sylvestris and L. sibirica, but did not affect Pinus sibirica and Picea obovata. Dynamic Young's modulus was significantly correlated with bending properties of dimension lumber for the four species. Based on the results, it was concluded that dimension lumber for structural use can be produced from the four common Mongolian softwoods.


2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
M. Zhezhkun ◽  
L.V. Demianenko

Abstract This research is aimed at determining the health condition and productivity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands created during 1906–1908 on the initiative of Prof. V. D. Ogievsky. The scheme of silvicultural experiments included: determining the influence of different widths and directions of clear felling on the natural regeneration, testing of pine plantations of pure and mixed composition and the choice of methods for their creation. In terms of health condition, 103–105-year-old artificial pine stands are weakened and their health condition is slightly worse compared to the aged pines of natural origin. The productivity of age-old linden-pine plantations is higher than of pure pine plantations, and the stock of stem wood in plantations created by seed sowing and marketability is higher compared to the plantations created by planting seedlings.


Author(s):  
Л.М. Пахучая ◽  
В.В. Пахучий

Цель исследования определить видовой состав фитоценозов на объектах лесоосушения в слабо изученном в гидролесомелиоративном отношении районе Республики Коми - на территории Южного Тимана, выявить наличие здесь редких и охраняемых видов, оценить их состояние и дать рекомендации по охране. Исследования выполнялись в Троицко-Печорском и Ухтинском лесничествах Республики Коми на участках, осушение которых выполнено в 1972-1989 гг. Описание растительности и видового состава фитоценозов выполняли на опытных участках, заложенных для оценки лесоводственной эффективности лесоосушения и маршрутным методом. В ходе проведения работ использованы геоботанический и флористический методы. Названия видов и семейств приведены по сводке С.К. Черепанова. На объектах исследования выявлено 112 видов, в том числе 93 вида сосудистых растений, относящихся к 38 семействам, 13 видов мохообразных, 6 видов лишайников. Наиболее представлены семейства: розоцветные - около 11%, вересковые - 8%, лютиковые - 7%, сосновые - 6% и мятликовые - 6% от общего числа видов. Ягоды и съедобные травы представлены 21 видом, лекарственные растения - 42 видами. На осушаемых участках и в неспоредственной близости от них встречены редкие и охраняемые виды растений, включенные в Красную книгу Республики Коми: Pinus sibirica du Tour, Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Shott, Adonis sibirica Patrin ex Ledeb., Thalictrum aquilegifolium L., Paeonia anomala L., Chrisosplenium tetrandrum (Lund ex Malmgr.), Hammarbia paludosa (L.) O. Kuntze, Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Визуальные оценки свидетельствуют о хорошем или удовлетворительном состоянии этих видов и адаптированности к условиям местопроизрастания. Исчезнувших или возможно исчезнувших видов на объектах исследования не установлено. Статус редкости отдельных видов, включенных в Красную книгу Республики Коми и отмеченных на объектах исследования, за период с 1998 до 2019 гг. повышался (Hammarbia paludosa (L.)O. Kuntze), понижался (Paeonia anomala L.) или и повышался, и понижался (Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm). Это свидетельствует о целесообразности мониторинга численности редких и охраняемых видов, в том числе в условиях регулирования водного режима методами гидротехнических мелиораций. Данные о видовом составе фитоценозов могут быть использованы для разработки режима охраны редких видов растений в фитоценозах на осушаемых лесных землях Южного Тимана в Республике Коми. The purpose of the study is to determine the species composition of phytocenoses at forest drained area of the Komi Republic poorly studied in field of forest dranage - in the territory of South Timan, to identify the presence of rare and protected species here, to assess their condition and to give recommendations for protection. Studies were carried out in the Troitsk-Pechora and Ukhta forestries of the Komi Republic at sites whose drainage was carried out in 1972-1989. The description of vegetation and species composition of phytocenoses was performed on experimental sites laid down to assess the forest efficiency of forest drainage and by route method. During the work, geobotanical and floristic methods were used. The names of species and families are given in the summary of S.K. Cherepanov. 112 species were identified at the research sites, including 93 species of vascular plants belonging to 38 families, 13 species of moss, 6 species of lichens. The most represented families are rosaceae - about 11%, heather - 8%, lute - 7%, pine - 6% and meadow grass - 6% of the total number of species. Berries and edible herbs are represented by 21 species, medicinal plants - 42 species. Rare and protected species of plants included in the Red Book of the Republic of Komi are found in the drained areas and in nearly to them: Pinus sibirica du Tour, Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Shott, Adonis sibirica Patrin ex Ledeb., Thalictrum aquilegifolium L., Paeonia anomala L., Chrisosplenium tetrandrum (Lund ex Malmgr.), Hammarbia paludosa (L.) O. Kuntze, Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. Visual assessments indicate a good or satisfactory condition of these species and adaptability to the place growth conditions. There are no disappeared or possibly disappeared species at the research sites. The rarity status of certain species included in the Red Book of the Republic of Komi and noted at the research sites for the period from 1998 to 2019. increased (Hammarbia paludosa (L.) O. Kuntze), decreased (Paeonia anomala L.) or and increased, and decreased (Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.). This indicates the advisability of monitoring the number of rare and protected species, including in the conditions of regulating the water regime by methods of forest drainage. Data on the species composition of phytocenoses can be used to develop a regime for the protection of rare plant species in phytocenoses on the drained forest lands of South Timan in the Komi Republic.


1993 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maddelein ◽  
J. Neirynck ◽  
G. Sioen

Mature  Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris  L.) stands are dominating large parts of the Flemish forest area. Broadleaved  species regenerate spontaneously under this pine canopy. This study studied  the growth and development of two planted pine stands with an older natural  regeneration, dominated by pedunculate oak (Quercus  robur L.), and discussed management options for  similar stands.     The results indicated a rather good growth of the stands, with current  annual increments of 5 m3.ha-1.yr-1. The pine overstorey is growing into valuable sawwood  dimensions, while the broadleaved understorey slowly grows into the  upperstorey. The quality of the regeneration is moderate but can be improved  by silvicultural measurements (pruning, early selection).     In both stands, an interesting (timber production, nature conservation)  admixture of secondary tree species is present in the regeneration. Stand  management is evolving from the classical clearcut system towards a  combination of a type of selection and group selection system.


1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Gansner ◽  
Owen W. Herrick

Abstract People who have to make decisions about cost-effective management for gypsy moth need help in predicting and evaluating its effects. Field plot data collected during recent outbreaks in Pennsylvania are being used to develop guides for predicting forest stand losses to the pest Presented here are some of the more useful products of that effort to date. Easy-to-measure data for forest characteristics such as species composition and crown condition can be collected and applied in models that estimate potential stand and tree mortality and changes in timber value. North. J. Appl. For. 2:21-23, June 1984.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Janez Kermavnar ◽  
Lado Kutnar ◽  
Aleksander Marinšek

Forest herb-layer vegetation responds sensitively to environmental conditions. This paper compares drivers of both taxonomic, i.e., species richness, cover and evenness, and functional herb-layer diversity, i.e., the diversity of clonal, bud bank and leaf-height-seed plant traits. We investigated the dependence of herb-layer diversity on ecological determinants related to soil properties, climatic parameters, forest stand characteristics, and topographic and abiotic and biotic factors associated with forest floor structure. The study was conducted in different forest types in Slovenia, using vegetation and environmental data from 50 monitoring plots (400 m2 each) belonging to the ICP Forests Level I and II network. The main objective was to first identify significant ecological predictors and then quantify their relative importance. Species richness was strongly determined by forest stand characteristics, such as richness of the shrub layer, tree layer shade-casting ability as a proxy for light availability and tree species composition. It showed a clear positive relation to soil pH. Variation in herb-layer cover was also best explained by forest stand characteristics and, to a lesser extent, by structural factors such as moss cover. Species evenness was associated with tree species composition, shrub layer cover and soil pH. Various ecological determinants were decisive for the diversity of below-ground traits, i.e., clonal and bud bank traits. For these two trait groups we observed a substantial climatic signal that was completely absent for taxonomy-based measures of diversity. In contrast, above-ground leaf-height-seed (LHS) traits were driven exclusively by soil reaction and nitrogen availability. In synthesis, local stand characteristics and soil properties acted as the main controlling factors for both species and trait diversity in herb-layer communities across Slovenia, confirming many previous studies. Our findings suggest that the taxonomic and functional facets of herb-layer vegetation are mainly influenced by a similar set of ecological determinants. However, their relative importance varies among individual taxonomy- and functional trait-based diversity measures. Integrating multi-faceted approaches can provide complementary information on patterns of herb-layer diversity in European forest plant communities.


Author(s):  
D. W. Minter

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudohelotium pineti found on dead and whitened needles of Pinus sylvestris. Some information on its morphology, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada (Manitoba, Sasktachewan), USA (Maryland, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia), India (Jammu and Kashmir), Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (Komi Republic, Leningrad Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Republic of Karelia), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK) and hosts (Pinus spp.).


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