Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk on the old and the new Russia in his work “The World Revolution” (on occasion on his 170th anniversary)

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-203
Author(s):  
Ella G. Zadorozhnyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Real ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The World

The article justifies the answer to the question: which were reasons for events T. G. Masaryk called the world revolution, and in this perspective - what practical steps and further conclusions for the construction of the Czechoslovak statehood he took as the future president of the country - the great ideal and real-politician of the 20th century. It is noted that this statehood was conceived by Masaryk on the basis of the old (until February 1917) Russia, and it was created in the course of complex interactions with the new Russia. An attempt was made to show that it was the flair of real politics that prevented Masaryk from renouncing certain provisions of ideal politics - if one recognizes among them the respect for the free choice of peoples. Masaryk adequately and, it can be said, relevantly describes the key moments of the Russian Revolution - the motor of the world revolution, during which “small” peoples received (or returned) their statehood. Hence the respectful attitude to the very fact of the revolution against the background of ideologically engaged judgements, and to the almost unopposed choice of the Russian people. Reading the work “The World Revolution” from this perspective encourages an adequate assessment of the state wisdom of the thinker and politician, the real president of the new country. The urgency of a new reading of T. G. Masaryk’s work is argued, it is noted that a number of its provisions are significant for modern times, when ideal inducements to political activity are not allocated to second or even third plans. This same reading can help in understanding the reasons not only for the originating of the Czechoslovak state, but for its breaking up as well.

EXPLORING THE INTERNAL STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE ORGANIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Venelin Terziev ◽  
Marin Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Professional Culture ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this article is the genesis of the professional culture of personnel management. The last decades of the 20th century were marked by various revolutions - scientific, technical, democratic, informational, sexual, etc. Their cumulative effect has been mostly reflected in the professional revolution that shapes the professional society around the world. This social revolution has global consequences. In addition to its extensive parameters, it also has intensive ones related to the deeply-rooted structural changes in the ways of working and thinking, as well as in the forms of its social organization. The professional revolutions in the history of Modern Times stem from this theory.Employees’ awareness and accountability shall be strengthened. The leader must be able to formulate and bring closer to the employees the vision of the organization and its future goal, to which all shall aspire. He should pay attention not to the "letter" but to the "spirit" of this approach.

scholarly journals Kerukunan Umat Beragama: Relevansi Pasal 25 Piagam Madinah dan Pasal 29 UUD 1945

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Nurul Fajriah
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Made In

This article is a study of literature describing religious harmony: the relevance of Article 25 of the Medina Charter and Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution. The Medina Charter was made in the 7th century (classical century) and Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution was born in modern times, around the 20th century. Both have relevancy which states that every citizen is free to adhere to their respective religions. The plurality of society in Indonesia has similarities and differences from the plurality of society in Medina around 622 AD. The stability and harmony of religious communities in the Medina at that time was regulated in the Medina charter which is the constitution of the Medina state. Harmony among religious communities in Indonesia is also an important concern of the Indonesian government as stipulated in Article 29 of the 1945 Constitution. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the state because the state believes that religious diversity is not a disintegrating factor for the Indonesian people.Abstrak: Artikel ini adalah kajian literatur yang mendeskripsikan kerukunan umat beragama: relevansi pasal 25 Piagam Madinah dan Pasal 29 UUD 1945. Piagam Madinah dibuat pada abad VII (abad klasik) dan pasal 29 UUD 1945 baru lahir pada zaman modern, sekitar abad XX. Keduanya memiliki relevansi yang menyatakan bahwa setiap warga negara bebas menganut agamanya masing-masing. Kemajemukan masyarakat di Indonesia mempunyai sisi-sisi persamaan dan perbedaan dengan kemajemukan masyarakat di Madinah sekitar tahun 622 M. Keberlangsungan dan keharmonisan umat beragama di negara Madinah pada waktu itu diatur dalam piagam Madinah yang merupakan konstitusi negara Madinah. Kerukunan antar umat beragama di Indonesia juga menjadi perhatian penting pemerintah dengan adanya kebijakan Negara Republik Indonesia dari segi agama yang tertuang dalam pasal 29 UUD 1945. Kebebasan beragama ini dijamin oleh negara karena keyakinan bahwa keberagaman agama tidak akan menjadi disentegrating factor bagi bangsa Indonesia

Historiosophy of N.Ya. Danilevsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Victor V. Aksyuchits
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

According to the author of the article, N.Ya. Danilevsky anticipated a lot of ideas of the 20th century, in particular those of O. Spengler and A. Toynbee, by offering his concept of cultural and historical types in the book “Russia and Europe”. At the same time N.Ya. Danilevsky was in many aspects the follower of Slavophils while interpreting the originality of Russian people and Russian culture. After the turn of the educated society circles to Russian national self-comprehension initiated by Slavophils, N.Ya. Danilevsky not only scientifically formulated the problems brought forth by the Slavophils, but also offered for the first time the resolution of new important questions by analyzing the world history and the history of Slavic peoples. The author especially stresses the role of N.Ya. Danilevsky in creating the historiosophic concept that forestalled the epoch for many decades.

Approaching the Invisible

2022 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
John Christopher Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World Wide ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Spiritual Emergency ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
The Invisible

In modern times, Western philosophy eschews any metaphysical or occult references to invisible reality as being culturally obsolete. Modern culture now privileges language that reflects our unshakeable allegiance to materialism in which the things of the world no longer have any depth of meaning. This chapter compares two modern cultural approaches to invisible reality emerging in the late 20th century in response to the growing world-wide crisis of meaninglessness. The first approach gathers many different methodologies under the umbrella term The New Materialism. The second approach focusses on initiatory experiences once known as Spiritual Emergency. Both approaches are moving us towards a new understanding of matter, based on the reality of the invisible. Throughout the chapter, the author will italicise words such as “invisible,” “life,” “alive,” “alien,” “ether,” “spatial,” “virtual,” “fluid,” and “absence” in order to refer to a new kind of fluid, living, invisible matter that we are bringing to language in modern times.

Lombardo Toledano’s Struggles in the World of Labor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Spenser
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
The State ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Masses

Vicente Lombardo Toledano was born into a prosperous family in 1894 in Teziutlán, Puebla, and died in Mexico City in 1968. His life is a window into the history of the 20th century: the rise and fall of the old regime; the Mexican Revolution and the transformations that the revolution made in society; the intellectual and social reconstruction of the country under new parameters that included the rise of the labor movement to political prominence as well as the intervention of the trade unions in the construction and consolidation of the state; the dispute over the course of the nation in the tumultuous 1930s; and the configuration of the political and ideological left in Mexico. Lombardo Toledano’s life and work illustrate Mexico’s connections with the world during the Second World War and the Cold War. Lombardo Toledano belonged to the intellectual elite of men and women who considered themselves progressives, Marxists, and socialists; they believed in a bright future for humanity. He viewed himself as the conscious reflection of the unconscious movement of the masses. With unbridled energy and ideological fervor, he founded unions, parties, and newspapers. During the course of his life, he adhered to various beliefs, from Christianity to Marxism, raising dialectical materialism to the level of a theory of knowledge of absolute proportions in the same fashion that he previously did with idealism. In life, he aroused feelings of love and hate; he was the object of royal welcomes and the target of several attacks; national and international espionage agencies did not let him out of their sight. He was detained in and expelled from several countries and prevented from visiting others. Those who knew him still evoke his incendiary oratorical style, which others remember as soporific. His admirers praise him as the helmsman of Mexican and Latin American workers; others scorn the means he used to achieve his goals as opportunist. Lombardo Toledano believed that the Soviet Union had achieved a future that Mexico could not aspire to imitate. Mexico was a semifeudal and semicolonial country, hindered by imperialism in its economic development and the creation of a national bourgeoisie, without which it could not pass on to the next stage in the evolution of mankind and without which the working class and peasantry were doomed to underdevelopment. In his interpretation of history, the autonomy of the subordinate classes did not enter into the picture; rather it was the intellectual elites allied with the state who had the task of instilling class consciousness in them. No matter how prominent a personality he was in his time, today few remember the maestro Vicente Lombardo Toledano, despite the many streets and schools named after him. However, the story of his life reveals the vivid and contradictory history of the 20th century, with traces that remain in contemporary Mexico.

Peripheral Visions / Global Sounds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Colmeiro
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
The Real ◽  
Border Zones ◽  
Global Age ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Galician audio/visual culture has experienced an unprecedented period of growth following the process of political and cultural devolution in post-Franco Spain. This creative explosion has occurred in a productive dialogue with global currents and with considerable projection beyond the geopolitical boundaries of the nation and the state, but these seismic changes are only beginning to be the subject of attention of cultural and media studies. This book examines contemporary audio/visual production in Galicia as privileged channels through which modern Galician cultural identities have been imagined, constructed and consumed, both at home and abroad. The cultural redefinition of Galicia in the global age is explored through different media texts (popular music, cinema, video) which cross established boundaries and deterritorialise new border zones where tradition and modernity dissolve, generating creative tensions between the urban and the rural, the local and the global, the real and the imagined. The book aims for the deperipheralization and deterritorialization of the Galician cultural map by overcoming long-established hegemonic exclusions, whether based on language, discipline, genre, gender, origins, or territorial demarcation, while aiming to disjoint the center/periphery dichotomy that has relegated Galician culture to the margins. In essence, it is an attempt to resituate Galicia and Galician studies out of the periphery and open them to the world.

scholarly journals Krzysztof Kieślowski's Art of Film

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Miczka
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Socialism ◽  
Party Activists ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Polish Culture

"WE LIVE IN THE WORLD LACKING IDEA ON ITSELF: KRZYSZTOF KIEŚLOWSKI's ART OF FILM" OUR "little stabilization" -- this ironic phrase by Tadeusz Różewicz, the poet and playwright, rightly characterized the low living standards of Poles and the state of apathy of the society in the 1960s. It also reflected well the situation of the Polish culture which, at that time, was put under strong political pressure and, except for very few instances, half- truths and newspeak replaced the clear dichotomy of truth and falsity. However, it finds its strongest expression if seen against the background of the Polish cinema of that time, since the cinema was, so to say, the "light in the eyes" of the Workers' Party activists devoutly building the 'real socialism' state. After the period of the political thaw which, among other things, brought to life artistically courageous works of the 'Polish film school', the...

Monadic Perception

2015 ◽  
pp. 380-392
Author(s):  
Heinrich Schepers
Keyword(s):  
Possible Worlds ◽  
The State ◽  
Possible World ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Momentary State

This chapter discusses Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s notion of monadic perception as a key component of his metaphysics. It first considers Leibniz’s thesis about monads, together with their perceptions and appetites, and his definition of perception as the representation of external variation in the internal. It then examines Leibniz’s belief that the world is a community of all compatible substances or monads, and that compatibility is the real principle underlying existence and the composition of possible worlds. The content of a monad’s perception is the momentary state of the whole world or, more precisely, the state of all the monads that are compatible with that monad. In every possible world these sequences are fully determinate. The chapter also analyzes Leibniz’s assertion that all monads are accompanied by a “manière de corps organique”.

scholarly journals Public organisations of Vologda in the early 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Kirill А. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Organisations

The article describes the activities of public organisations in the early 20th century in Vologda and Vologda Province. It is shown that the activity of the public was constantly growing during the study period. Moreover, the political activity of the society was significantly influenced by all-Russia events, while non-political organisations slowly but surely extended their influence to an increasing number of spheres of life of the local population. Public organisations constantly cooperated with both state authorities and local self-government. The research is based on working with materials on Vologda Province, their analysis to understand how the mechanism of cooperation and interaction of local self-government bodies with the provincial government, the Governor and the bureaucracy was built. As a result of the study, it became possible to show that the number of public organisations in Vologda Province had been growing since the early 20th century, although the number of political organisations was not enough. There were also no serious conflicts or opposition from the authorities in relation to public organisations. Most of the public structures were apolitical in nature and dealt mainly with social issues without paying attention to the problems of interaction with the state authorities.

Friedrich von Hardenberg (Pseudonym Novalis)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Arctander O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Final Word ◽  
The Real ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Realities

For Hardenberg, the poets are surely ‘unacknowledged legislators of the world’, as Shelley would have it; and still more, they are the makers of the legitimacy that grounds legislation, that grounds the very existence of the state. InHeinrich von Afterdingen, legitimacy is a product of the poets’ manipulation of spectacle, convention, sign. It is a fiction that becomes a working fiction, a fiction actualized and institutionalized in the reality of the state. Hardenberg’s tale is no escape from political realities, as some claim of the Romantics, but a lesson in how political reality is made. Fiction makes the real, or, as Hardenberg noted at the time,notsentimentally: ‘The more poetic, the more true’ (III. 647). In politics, as in all else, this is the final word in Hardenberg’s Romanticism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document