scholarly journals Reading and Literacy Interventions for Improving Reading and Motivation in Adolescence: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Webber ◽  
Katherine Wilkinson ◽  
Lynne G. Duncan ◽  
Sarah Patricia McGeown
Keyword(s):  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Reading Interventions ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Literacy Interventions ◽  
What Works ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Reading interventions measuring motivational outcomes in adolescence vary in terms of their theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches and findings. However, a review of these is not currently available. Drawing on narrative review principles, this article synthesises academic and grey literature to outline the breadth and scope of interventions which have measured changes in adolescents’ reading motivation and reflects upon those interventions identified. Key characteristics from the existing literature include a strong focus on struggling readers and skills-based goals. Outcomes of reading interventions measuring motivational effects among adolescents are mixed, and often not explicitly grounded in theory. There is also a notable absence of research taking account of the opinions and experiences of adolescents. There is need for much deeper exploration of “what works” for motivating adolescents to read; this should be based in established theory and centre the experiences of adolescents themselves.

scholarly journals Hypnotherapy for Procedural Pain and Distress in Children: A scoping Review Protocol

Pain Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daly Geagea ◽  
Zephanie Tyack ◽  
Roy Kimble ◽  
Lars Eriksson ◽  
Vince Polito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Procedural Pain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective Inadequately treated pain and distress elicited by medical procedures can put children at higher risks of acute and chronic biopsychosocial sequelae. Children can benefit from hypnotherapy, a psychological tailored intervention, as an adjunct to pharmacological agents to address the multiple components of pain and distress. Despite providing evidence on the effectiveness and potential superiority of hypnotherapy to other psychological interventions, research on hypnotherapy for paediatric procedural pain and distress has been predominantly limited to oncology and needle procedures. Plus, there is a lack of reporting of intervention manuals, factors influencing hypnotic responding, pain unpleasantness outcomes, theoretical frameworks, adverse events, as well as barriers and facilitators to the feasibility of delivering the intervention and study procedures. The proposed review aims to map the range and nature of the evidence on hypnotherapy for procedural pain and distress in children to identify gaps in literature and areas requiring further investigation. Methods This review will follow the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) methodology and incorporate additional scoping review recommendations by The Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Relevant studies will be identified through searching published literature databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature in addition to hand-searching of reference lists and key journals. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts of search results followed by full-texts review against eligibility criteria. Conclusion Findings are anticipated to guide future research and inform the development of tailored hypnotic interventions in children.

scholarly journals Perception of Gamblers: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Wöhr ◽  
Marius Wuketich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

AbstractIt is generally assumed that gamblers, and particularly people with gambling problems (PG), are affected by negative perception and stigmatisation. However, a systematic review of empirical studies investigating the perception of gamblers has not yet been carried out. This article therefore summarises empirical evidence on the perception of gamblers and provides directions for future research. A systematic literature review based on the relevant guidelines was carried out searching three databases. The databases Scopus, PubMed and BASE were used to cover social scientific knowledge, medical-psychological knowledge and grey literature. A total of 48 studies from 37 literature references was found. The perspective in these studies varies: Several studies focus on the perception of gamblers by the general population, by subpopulations (e. g. students or social workers), or by gamblers on themselves. The perspective on recreational gamblers is hardly an issue. A strong focus on persons with gambling problems is symptomatic of the gambling discourse. The analysis of the studies shows that gambling problems are thought to be rather concealable, whereas the negative effects on the concerned persons‘ lives are rated to be quite substantial. PG are described as “irresponsible” and “greedy” while they perceive themselves as “stupid” or “weak”. Only few examples of open discrimination are mentioned. Several studies however put emphasis on the stereotypical way in which PG are portrayed in the media, thus contributing to stigmatisation. Knowledge gaps include insights from longitudinal studies, the influence of respondents‘ age, culture and sex on their views, the relevance of the type of gambling a person is addicted to, and others. Further studies in these fields are needed.

METHODOLOGICAL EURO-ORIENTATIONS FOR EVALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM ASSETS OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES RELATED TO WATER RESOURCES

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Valentyna Kolmakova
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Asset Valuation ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Spatial Entities

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological approach to determining the key characteristics of the assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities related to water. The study considers the theoretical and methodological principles of assessing ecosystem assets for sustainable development of local communities. The initial methodological approaches of the accumulated world experience on the assessment of ecosystem services and ecosystem assets of local level territories in the context of three components (ecological, economic and social) in the context of water-related ecosystems are specified. An algorithm for estimating ecosystem assets is proposed. The key guidelines for assessing the ecosystem assets of territorial spatial entities based on European experience are revealed. The list of scientific recommendations for the assessment of water-related ecosystem assets to enhance the capacity of local communities and preserve and restore ecosystems is substantiated. The novelty of the study lies in the proposals for the implementation in Ukrainian practice of general approaches to the methodology of assessment of ecosystem assets and services, according to the recommendations of the international project of the European Commission “The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity” (TEEB). The key Euro-benchmarks proposed by the author for the assessment of water-related ecosystem assets will help increase the investment attractiveness of spatial territorial formations and create preconditions for the development of a new economy on an ecosystem basis. Further research has prospects in the following areas: formation of a comprehensive strategic approach to the introduction of ecosystem asset valuation at the local level; development and introduction of effective methodological approaches to the assessment of ecosystem assets for the formation of investment attractiveness of the territory through the use of local natural resources, including water, as ecosystem assets of sustainable spatial development.

scholarly journals Family Planning in the Republic of Tajikistan: A narrative review from Soviet times to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellison Henry ◽  
Zarrina H. Juraqulova
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Transitions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Republic

Introduction: Tajikistan’s dramatic shift from a high to a low fertility society has taken place over a little more than two decades. While some fertility beliefs remained the same throughout the rapid economic and political transitions of Tajikistan, other beliefs may have changed to respond to the financial realities of the newly independent and Central Asian republic, such as having fewer children. The objective of this review was to describe and analyze the state of family planning in the Republic of Tajikistan from Soviet period (1929-1991) until 2017.Methods: The review is based on materials obtained from various sources including Google Scholar and PubMed, relevant to family planning in Tajikistan, including government policies, open-access nationally representative data, journal articles, and program reports, identified through a selective search of Google Scholar and PubMed databases, and the grey literature. Conclusion: This narrative review presents the history of family planning in Tajikistan, outlines an understanding of the health system context as it relates to family planning, and analyzes the latest national family planning policy (2017). The authors suggest further research is required to (a) understand the beliefs and practices related to family planning; and (b) define strategies to address the issue of unmet need of family planning services. 

scholarly journals Infrastructure development potential financial market of Ukraine

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Natalia Trusova ◽  
Iryna Chkan ◽  
Inna Yakusheva
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Is Research ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The research of infrastructural potential of development of the financial market of Ukraine in globalization conditions is research. The importance of forming a rational infrastructure of the financial market and finding sources to increase its potential is substantiated. The conceptual basis for ensuring the realization of the infrastructural potential of the financial market is presented, which is based on defining the basic preconditions, principles and tasks of the conceptual basis and developing methodological approaches to assessing the quality of the conceptual basis for building and realizing the infrastructural potential of the financial market. It is proved that the number and structure of financial intermediaries is one of the key characteristics of the development of the financial market and its infrastructure, as well as its response to global challenges. The dynamics of the penetration of insurance and lending by banks to the real sector of the economy tends to decrease, which indicates their negative impact on the security of the financial market as a whole. The dollarization index is twice the critical value, which also has a negative impact on the level of financial market security. In the context of ensuring the security of the technological component of the infrastructure potential of the financial market in Ukraine and its ability to withstand external threats, the authors propose to define the indicator of financial market flexibility as the ratio of foreign currency deposits to total deposits (dollarization). The lower this figure, the higher the level of financial market security.

PTV margin calculation for head and neck patients treated with VMAT: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kristina Caruana ◽  
Nick Refalo ◽  
Denise Spiteri ◽  
José Guilherme Couto ◽  
Frank Zarb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Target Volume Delineation ◽  
Ptv Margin ◽  
Volumetric Arc Therapy ◽  
Volume Delineation ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Arc Therapy ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Abstract Aim: The intent of the review was to identify different methodological approaches used to calculate the planning target volume (PTV) margin for head and neck patients treated with volumetric arc therapy (VMAT), and whether the necessary factors to calculate the margin size with the selected formula were used. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive, systematic search of related studies was done using the Hydi search engine and different databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest (Nursing and Allied Health), Scopus, ScienceDirect and tipsRO. The literature search included studies published between January 2007 and December 2020. Eligibility screening was performed by two reviewers. Results: A total of seven studies were found. All the reviewed studies used the Van Herk formula to measure the PTV margin. None of the studies incorporated the systematic errors of target volume delineation in the PTV equation. Inter-fraction translational errors were assessed in all the studies, whilst intra-fraction errors were only included in the margin equation for two studies. The studies showed great heterogeneity in the key characteristics, aims and methods. Findings: Since systemic errors from target volume delineation were not considered and not all studies assess intra-fraction errors, PTV margins may be underestimated. The recommendations are that studies need to determine the effect of target volume variance on PTV margins. It is also recommended to compare PTV margin results using various formulas.

scholarly journals The social and economic benefit of health literacy interventions in the WHO EURO region

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Stielke ◽  
M Dyakova ◽  
K Ashton ◽  
T van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Literacy Interventions ◽  
Social Return On Investment ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
The Social

Abstract Background Health literacy (HL) allows people to make informed decisions regarding their health, enabling them to understand health promotion activities and to self-manage their disease or complication without requiring support from healthcare services. HL has the potential to support sustainability in health systems by decreasing healthcare spendings stemming from lowered disease occurrence and progression, it can also impact on the rest of peoples’ lives and their surroundings by allowing them to be more independent. This study researched the evidence for return on investment and the social return on investment for health literacy interventions within the WHO EURO region. Methods A narrative literature review on published peer-reviewed reviews and grey literature was conducted by use of keywords and MeSH terms. Google, Google Scholar and PubMed were used find literature. The search on PubMed was restricted to reviews, published within the last 10 years (2009-2019), in English. Results In total, 450 publications were screened 12 publications that analysed the economic or social aspect of HL interventions were identified. Five discussed the cost-effectiveness of health literacy, three the return on investment (ROI) and the remaining three the social return on investment (SROI) of HL. Types of HL interventions ranged from health promotion campaigns, web-based HL programs, prevention systems to education-based interventions. Cost-effectiveness differed between studies and fields. Evidence for ROI was found, the return ratios ranged from 0.62 to 27.4. Findings show SROI between 4.41 and 7.25, indicating additional value of social benefit next to improved health. Conclusions A link between cost-effectiveness and HL interventions was established and ROI and SROI showed positive ratios. Further research is required in order to investigate whether HL interventions consistently achieve a positive returns. Key messages A link between health literacy interventions and positive investment returns has been established. Health literacy interventions show potential for sustainable development of health systems.

Effectiveness of interventions for optimising adherence to treatments for the prevention and management of scars: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 026921552097852
Author(s):  
Jessica Killey ◽  
Megan Simons ◽  
Zephanie Tyack
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Burn Scar ◽  
Clinical Trial Registries ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Adherence Interventions ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Objectives: To identify the adherence interventions used with people receiving treatments to prevent or manage scarring, the effectiveness of these interventions, and the theoretical frameworks on which these interventions were based. Data sources: Databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsychINFO and OTseeker) were searched (09.10.2020) with no date or language restrictions. Grey literature databases, clinical trial registries and references lists of key papers were also searched. Review methods: Eligible randomised controlled trials included people using treatments for scarring following skin wounds, interventions that may improve adherence, and outcomes measuring adherence. Risk of bias (selection, performance, detection, attrition, reporting) and certainty of evidence (inconsistency, imprecision, indirectness, publication bias) were assessed. Results: Four randomised trials were included with 224 participants (17 children) with burn scars. Interventions involved educational (three trials) or technology-based components (four trials) and ranged in length from two weeks to six months. All four trials reported greater adherence rates in the intervention group compared with standard practice [standardised mean difference = 1.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91–2.08); 2.01 (95% CI 1.05–2.98); odds ratio = 0.28 (95% CI = 0.11–0.69)]. One trial did not report original data. The certainty of evidence was very low. Conclusion: Adherence interventions using education or technology for people receiving burn scar treatment may improve adherence. Further studies are needed particularly in children, with a focus on including outcomes of importance to patients (e.g. quality of life) and identifying core components of effective adherence interventions using theoretical frameworks.

scholarly journals A Synthesis of the Sustainability of Remedial Reading Intervention Effects for Struggling Adolescent Readers

2020 ◽  
pp. 002221942097218
Author(s):  
Johny Daniel ◽  
Philip Capin ◽  
Paul Steinle
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Reading Interventions ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Adolescent Readers ◽  
Struggling Adolescent Readers ◽  
And Control

A majority of reading-related intervention studies aiming to remediate struggling readers’ reading outcomes assess student performance immediately following the conclusion of an intervention to determine intervention effects. Few studies collect follow-up data to measure the long-term sustainability of treatment effects. Hence, the aim of the current synthesis was to examine follow-up intervention effects of reading interventions involving adolescent struggling readers in Grades 6 to 12. Our literature search yielded only 10 studies that reported follow-up data for intervention participants, which highlights the dearth of intervention research that examines sustainability of intervention effects. Of the 10 included studies, the weighted mean effect size for all reading outcome measures was gw = 0.78 at immediate posttest and gw = 0.27 at follow-up, in favor of treatment group students. Although the magnitude of difference between treatment and control groups diminished at follow-up time, a comparison of treatment group students’ immediate posttest and follow-up scores showed that students mostly maintained gains made during intervention at follow-up time points.

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