Introduction to city planning: A historical perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howel Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
Town Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All

This study is an introduction to the world's history of urban planning from its beginnings inthe mid-19th Century until today. The work looks at significant planning historical issues.Why did town design go the way it did? How did it work and how did it change the goals?What was the prosperity of preparation, and who were its leaders? What were the coreconcepts and their relation to thought and social progress in the planning process? This essaygives a summary of the vast literature of urban planning and history by addressing certainqueries. This work is divided into three phases of history: an initial era of separate butincreasingly converging principles of a designated city; a second phase of nationalorganisation, innovation and development; and a third period in which the planning conceptswere applied at almost all levels and areas of urban policy. The roots of modern planning arediscovered in community care campaigns, civil sculpture, and embellishment, classicallyresurrected urban architecture, and neighborhood settlements, and the reform of housing. Asecond portion deals with institutionalizing the profession, the advancement of zoning andcomprehensive planning, significant time statistics and the New Deal initiative for new cities.

Der Wettbewerb für den Wiederaufbau Am Steintor in Goch am Niederrhein

Architectura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Moritz Wild
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Common Good ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Design Competition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Planning Office ◽  
German Cities ◽  
The City

AbstractIn the reconstruction of German cities after the Second World War, public administrations attempted to find solutions for essential urban situations through targeted competitions. In the city of Goch on the Lower Rhine the area around the medieval Steintor (Stone Gate) had to be adapted to modern traffic requirements. In the course of the urban planning the private interests of the residents who were willing to build up clashed with the planned construction as a concern of the common good, which was represented by the district government of Düsseldorf. The solution was to be found through an urban design competition among selected experts, from whose proposals the City Planning Office drew up an alignment plan. The exemplary recapitulation of this urban planning process illustrates aspects of the history of planning, monument preservation and reconstruction competitions

MONUMENTAL PAINTING DURING THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Omonulla Salikhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Analytical Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Academic School ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mother Earth

The article analyzes the features of the formation of the school of painting in Uzbekistan in the twentieth century, the harmony of painting with modern urban planning, analysis of the work of greatpainters. In particular, in the works of B. Jalolov, one of the most prominent artists in the field of monumental painting, we see that he skillfully combined the strong traditions of the academic school, the aesthetics of Western and Eastern art. His work can be seen in a series of frescoes. The interior of theTurkiston concert palace in Tashkent contains analytical information about the work of Umar Khayyam on oriental lyrics, “Nobody said why I was born” at the National Bank of Uzbekistan, as well as about his monumental works in many other regions. On the example of Samarkand, A. Isaev was one of the most versatile artists in the field of monumental painting, he also wrote “The Great Silk Road” on the walls of the foyer of the Institute of Foreign Languages and “Friendship of Peoples” for the foyer of the academic lyceum of the Institute, Examples “History of Samarkand” for the hotel “ Afrosiyab ", at the Samarkand Agricultural Institute, such as" The Generosity of Mother Earth ", 41 ceramic panels on Tashkent Street and many other monumental paintings. By the colors in the artist's works, one can imagine that the artist played the melody in a lyrical tone. The article notes that almost all compositions are characterized by a description of the artist's work, such as the observation ofwarmth, a set of warm colors, oriental colors, a patriotic mood, which is typical for all artists

Knowledge Transfer and Advanced Urban Planning in the Newly Established Ring of Boulevards in Riga: The Case of the First Municipal Gas Factory

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-650
Author(s):  
Inga Karlštrēma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Planning Phase ◽  
Recreational Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

This article examines the history of Riga’s first gas factory as both a contributor to, and witness of, the Industrial Revolution in Riga. The factory became an important urban landmark in the rapidly growing city due to its sophisticated architecture as well as its central placement in the most picturesque recreational area of the city, namely, in the surroundings of the city canal greenery. This article aims to examine how the knowledge transfer is embodied in Riga’s first municipal gasworks, its transnationally developed planning phase, and its locally outstanding buildings, which gained significance by becoming a symbol of both technological and social progress in Riga.

“Dominant Decision-Making Authority”: Resident Leadership in St. Louis, Missouri, Model Cities Planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-353
Author(s):  
Sarah Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
War On Poverty ◽  
Model Cities ◽  
Improvement Programs

When federal policymakers created Model Cities in 1966, they envisioned it as an innovative approach to urban renewal. Part of the War on Poverty, Model Cities combined slum redevelopment, an expansion of social services, and citizen participation. Understanding community action as a critique of and attempt to reorient decades of failed urban policy, this article spotlights efforts by residents to seize and maintain control of urban improvement programs. Residents claimed expertise in urban planning by virtue of their experience living in impoverished neighborhoods. Their vision for their community suggested an alternate path for city planning that supported poor residents’ influence to achieve a more democratic society. This article traces how community leaders in St. Louis, Missouri, briefly achieved resident-controlled urban planning within Model Cities. Although residents’ ideas were never implemented as they hoped, these plans expose the opportunities and constraints of neighborhood activism in the War on Poverty.

PLACE-MAKING: APPLICATION IN THE CITY PLANNING PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
A. A. Lekomtseva ◽  
◽  
A. N. Khatskelevich ◽  
G. A. Gimranova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Place Making ◽  
City Administration ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
The City

Currently, there is a significant increase in the need to include residents in the urban planning process, in which they, along with other actors (for example, the city administration, developers, business structures) will become participants in making decisions about the fate of urban space. Interacting with the residents, the authorities directly receive feedback that helps to prevent the discontent of the population with respect to those or other decisions. The article considers some aspects of population involvement in urban planning as one of the primary tasks of urban planners.

scholarly journals The perceptions and priorities of professionals in health and social welfare and city planning for creating a healthy living environment: a concept mapping study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Mourits ◽  
Koos van der Velden ◽  
Gerard Molleman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Concept Mapping ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Mapping Tool ◽  
Living Environments

Abstract Background It is helpful for collaboration if professionals from the field of health and social welfare and the field of city planning are aware of each other’s concepts of what a healthy living environment entails and what its components are. This study examined perceptions about creating a healthy living environment of professionals from these two fields, as well as the differences between them. Methods We recruited 95 professionals from Nijmegen, the Netherlands who worked in the fields of health, social welfare and city planning in governmental and non-governmental capacities. We used the concept mapping method to collect and analyse their thoughts on healthy living environments. Participants first submitted statements on this subject in a brainstorming session, using an online mapping tool. Then they sorted these statements and rated them on priorities and opportunities within urban planning processes. Results During the brainstorm, 43 professionals generated 136 statements. After the elimination of duplicates, 92 statements were individually sorted by 32 professionals. Concept mapping software was used to create an overall map, in which the statements were sorted into ten clusters. Each of these clusters represented one of the main features of a healthy living environments. After 36 participants rated these statements, it emerged that professionals from both fields agreed on priorities and opportunities for the clusters ‘Spatial quality’ and ‘Conducive to exercise’. Professionals also agreed on which three clusters had the fewest priorities and possibilities (‘Promotes personal wellbeing’, ‘Encourages healthy choices’, ‘Conducive to social connections’). Conclusion We found that professionals in health and social welfare and city planning have similar views concerning the most and least important features of a healthy living environment in urban planning process. This could indicate that the differences between the two fields may be more nuanced and specific than previously thought. This knowledge offers perspectives for professionals to strengthen their collaboration and to come to a joint result in urban planning projects.

scholarly journals Planejamento em áreas de transição rural-urbana: velhas novidades em novos territórios

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Lívia Izabel Bezerra de Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Transition ◽  
Transition Areas

Desvendar processos espaciais e possibilidades de planejamento em áreas de transição rural-urbana é o objetivo deste trabalho. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que, embora essas áreas não tenham sido historicamente o foco central do planejamento urbano, expressam hoje forte convergência de interesses, processos e conflitos socioeconômicos, territoriais e ambientais. Portanto, não é possível promover a ocupação e o uso sustentável e socialmente justo de todo o território municipal, como define o Estatuto da Cidade (Lei nº 10.257/01), se não há descritores técnicos e instrumentos urbanísticos capazes de garantir efetivas possibilidades de planejamento nas áreas de transição rural-urbana. Pôde-se constatar que, apesar dos recentes avanços legais/institucionais no campo da reforma urbana, ainda há muitas limitações no que diz respeito ao enfrentamento dos graves problemas decorrentes do processo histórico de uso e ocupação do território, espraiado, incompleto, especulativo, e o seu consequente planejamento. Palavras-chave: planejamento urbano; política urbana; transição urbano-rural. Abstract: To investigate spatial processes and city planning possibilities for the rural-urban transition areas is the objective in this paper. Was anticipated that even if these areas have not been, historically, centered by urban planning focus, they express, currently, a strong convergence of interests, processes and conflicts on social-economic, territorial and environmental issues. So, it’s not possible to promote a sustainable and socially just occupation and land use of the whole municipality area – as it is defined by the Estatuto da Cidade (“City Statute”, a 2001 Brazilian Federal Law) – if we do not have urban policy instruments that could actually guarantee urban planning possibilities for the rural-urban transition areas. Was evident that although the recent legal and institutional advances for the Urban Reform ideals in Brazil, it stills many difficulties to face the serious problems that come from an historical process of spread, incomplete and speculative land use and occupation, and its consequent planning issues. Keywords: urban planning; urban policy; urban-rural transition.

Resilient urban planning process in question: Istanbul case

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Zeynep Deniz Yaman Galantini ◽  
Azime Tezer
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Delphi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Response Capacity ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Five Elements

Purpose This paper aims to describe an updated urban planning process to expose a theoretical model bridging the resilience concept and urban planning, and then it explains this process through Istanbul case. Design/methodology/approach A hypothetical framework is proposed based on the three different but complementary aspects of resilience which are identified as “resilience to what”, “resilience where” and “resilience how”, as well as “five elements process” referring the upgraded components of urban planning processes. Additionally, the methodology conducted to figure out a resilient urban planning process is listed as an expert opinion survey, a two-stage policy Delphi survey, public opinion survey and multi-criteria analysis. Findings It is possible to apply this process in many different case studies for various scales and temporalities for coping with the key vulnerabilities and promote the administrative response capacity. Research limitations/implications Considering size of the study area and the unclarified roles of urban authorities, it is difficult to have a consensus on the key vulnerabilities and the prior urban policies. Originality/value The proposed process is beneficial in addressing the most prominent vulnerabilities and developing capacity to manage unexpected changes, through the collaborative decisions of a wide range of urban planning authorities. Depending on the severity of the disturbances, applying this process to identify changing priorities can be a crucial policy, both for long- or short-term urban policy-making, for further studies.

scholarly journals URBANIZATION PROCESSES IN THE AGE OF ACTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF SURGUT)

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
E. S. Krasovitova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The North ◽  
Planning Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the problems of construction in the city of Surgut in the age of industrial development of the North in the middle of 1960 - 1980. The key mistakes made by developers during construction were considered. In the 1960-1970s. the main event in Siberia was the formation of the West Siberian oil and gas complex, which most significantly in the history of the twentieth century has changed the importance of the region, both in the country's economic complex and in the global economy. The multi-departmental nature of city planning, the lack of proper supervision of urban planning, the lack of a construction industry base, the irresponsibility of ministries and departments, local organizations, urban planning organizations, the absence of an approved master plan of the city and its single customer, as well as the absence of standard projects that take into account urban planning in the north. All this led to irrational costs, low level of discredit of the elementary foundations of urban development. The analysis was made on the basis of documents, protocols, certificates of the Council of Ministers, national control, etc.

Recovering the Urban Past for Equitable Present and Future Social Recovery

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Ian Morley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Social Recovery

A multitude of determinants influence the urban planning process. Yet, in the contemporary context of an ongoing pandemic causing infirmity and death in more than 1,500 cities, how can examples of urban planning from history, namely ones that sought to boost public health, (re)shape the current urban planning paradigm? Is there a need in the light of the global impact of Covid-19 to re-evaluate the value of past planning models and so, in accordance, rethink present-day urban density management and public space creation? In consequence, this paper puts forward an overview of how city planning and public health have historically interlinked, albeit with reference to 19th century Britain and the establishment of public parks. Used communally by assorted social groups such green spaces were considered to be crucial for physical and mental health. Crucially too, these open areas are still a fundamental element of the 21st century British cityscape and, arguably, as part of the present and future social recovery from Covid-19, will play a vital role in public life and well-being.

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