scholarly journals Behavioural Impact of a Calming Herbal Supplement Fed to Hounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Samet ◽  
John A. Lowe ◽  
Alexander N. Lehner ◽  
Wanda McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Control Period ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
T Test ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Herbal Supplement ◽  
The Stranger ◽  
Paired T Test

The growing pet food market for feed supplements offering behavioural support has led to an increase in popularity of use, often without sufficient evidence to support claims. In particular, it is questionable whether various “calming” herbs and herbal blends are truly providing the desired outcomes. This study investigated whether a calming herbal nutraceutical for dogs had an impact on canine behaviour and to what effect. Thirty male English Foxhounds, Canis lupus familiaris, were fed the nutraceutical daily for four weeks following a control period. Overnight behavioural observations from video footage were carried out using scan sampling at sixty second intervals for six-hour periods daily, both in the control week and week four of the feeding trial. Stranger approach tests were also performed during these weeks on three separate occasions. Observation data were analysed using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test. The paired t-test indicated a significant reduction in agonistic interactions, play, autogrooming, locomotion and stretching within the group. The stranger approach tests showed a significant increase in the number of hounds approaching the stranger, moving away, lying, standing, and sitting during the trial week, and a significant decrease in instances of hounds resting. Reduction in group agonistic and play interactions overnight suggests signs of a “calmer” pack. Increase in rest overnight may have impacted daytime behaviours, specifically in response to the stranger approach test. The results warrant further investigation of calming herbal nutraceuticals and their potential value as a tool in a holistic approach to managing canine behaviour.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LATIHAN ROM TERHADAP KEKUATAN OTOT PADA PASIEN STROKE DI RUANG FLAMBOYAN RSUD MUHAMMAD SANI

Ners Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizki Sari Utami ◽  
Siska Natalia ◽  
Juliana
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Test ◽  
Paired T Test

Mayoritas pasien stroke mengalami kelemahan pada otot, adapun keterbatasan pergerakan dapat memperparah kondisi muskuloskletal dan mempercepat penurunan kekuatan otot pada pasien stroke. Untuk itu perlu penanganan rehabilitasi segera mungkin dengan melakukan latihan pergerakan otot (Range Of Motion). Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Latihan Range Of Motion Terhadap Kekkuatan Otot Pada pasien Stroke. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode Quasy Experiment (pre and post test without control). Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 20 responden stroke dan data dianalisa menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Rank Test untuk eksteremitas atas dan Paired T Test untuk eksteremitas bawah. Hasil diketehui bahwa pada eksteremitas atas nilai p-value sebesar 0,000 (p=<0,05) sedangkan pada eksteremitas bawah nilai p-value sebesar 0,000 (p=<0,05) yang menunjukkan ada pengaruh latihan Range Of Motion terhadap kekuatan otot eksteremitas atas dan bawah pasien stroke.

Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Persalinan Fase Aktif Kala I Melalui Terapi Musik Instrumental

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Nova Arikhman
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
T Test ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Wilcoxon Sign Rank ◽  
Paired T Test

AbstrakIntensitas nyeri selama persalinan yang berlebihan dapat merugikan ibu dan janin. Terapi musik instrumental sebagai teknik nonfarmakologi, berguna menimbulkan efek distraksi dan relaksasi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh terapi music instrumental terhadap intensitas nyeri saat persalinan. Penelitian metode kuasi-eksperimen dengan pre post-test desain ini dilakukan pada 18 ibu multipara yang mengalami persalinan kala I di ruang bersalin kebidanan rumah sakit X. Pengambilan sampel melalui metode consecutive sampling. Data dianalisa melalui uji Paired t-test dan Wilcoxon sign rank test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terapi musik instrumental berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri (p= 0.017, α= 0,05). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar terapi musik instrumental sebagai salah satu terapi nonfarmakologis digunakan dalam menurunkan persepsi intensitas nyeri pada ibu multipara yang mengalami persalinan fisiologis kala I. AbsractSeverity of labor pain may damage mother and infant. Therefore, instrumental music therapy as non-pharmacology technique can be used for distraction and relaxation. This research aims to study about the effect of instrumental music therapy to severity of labor pain. Method of this research is quasi-experiment with pre post-test design, involving 18 multiparous mothers who experienced stage I labor in labor room of X hospital. Samples are selected through consecutive sampling. Data was analyzed by paired t-test and Wilcoxon sign rank test.The research shown that instrumental music therapy significantly relieved the severity of pain labor (p= 0.017, α= 0,05). The research recommended that instrumental music therapy can be used as non- pharmacological therapy to relieve the severity of labor pain for multiparous mothers who experience stage I labor.

Statistical inference and residual analysis for the evaluation of datum transformation models developed on 3D coordinate data

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Abubakr Hassan ◽  
Dingfa Huang ◽  
Elhadi K. Mustafa ◽  
Yahaya Mahama ◽  
Mohamed A. Damos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Transformation Models ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Cohen's D ◽  
Paired T Test

AbstractThe evaluation of geoscience data is a far-reaching topic which cannot be systematically covered. The purpose of inferential statistics is to harness useful information from data for making decisions. This paper conducts in-depth statistical study for the Bursa-Wolf and Molodensky Badekas models of the three-dimensional transformation parameters. We also considered the combined and observation equations scenarios of these methods for the comparative study. Four key indicators are conducted to evaluate the performance of the two transformation models according to the residual results. These include root mean square error (RMSE), paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Cohen’s d effect size measure. RMSE evaluation is based on the mean difference between model estimates and observed values. The correlations in the model results is investigated based on paired t-test. Wilcoxon signed-rank test assesses the statistical significance of the model’s paired differences. To estimate the effect size of the performance differences, Cohen’s d measures are computed. Further, the residuals of the estimated parameters are plotted according to their respective control points. The inference results of these tests generally show that Badekas transformation approach is more precise than Bursa-Wolf. Specifically, Badekas combined case is the most precise, followed by its observation case, then Bursa-Wolf combined and finally its observation case is the least performing model. The application of various data analysis and statistical verifications make the task of data interpretation and best model selection easier.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Pengetahuan, Kepuasan dan Penurunan Sisa Makanan Pasien Hipertensi Akibat Konseling Gizi

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Dewi Ima Fatmawati ◽  
Arindra Nirbaya ◽  
Yahmi Ira Setyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Paired T Test

Hipertensi sering diderita oleh orang Indonesia. Prevalensi hipertensi harus diatas, karena menimbulkan komplikasi yang membahayakan jiwa. Alternatif solusi melalui konseling gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konseling gizi terhadap pengetahuan, kepuasan dan sisa makanan pasien hipertensi di RSU Mitra Delima Bululawang Malang. Desain penelitian one group pre-post-test yang mengukur tingkat pengetahuan, tingkat kepuasan dan sisa makanan pasien  sebelum konseling gizi dan setelah konseling gizi. Sampel berjumlah 16 pasien yang diukur tingkat pengetahuan dan kepuasan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Sisa makanan diukur dengan metode comstock, Analisis bivariat yang digunakan untuk variabel tingkat pengetahuan dan kepuasan yaitu uji paired t-test, sedangkan sisa makanan adalah uji Willcoxon signed rank test. Konseling gizi mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan sebesar 37,5%, dengan nilai pre tes 48,7% dan post tes 86,2%. Tingkat kepuasan aroma, bumbu, tekstur dan kematangan juga meningkat setelah konseling gizi. Sisa makanan lauk hewani, lauk nabati, sayuran meningkat setelah konseling gizi. Persentase sisa makanan sayuran rata – rata sebelum konseling gizi sebesar 53,8% dan setelah konseling gizi sebesar 19,3%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa konseling gizi mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, kepuasan, dan menurunkan makanan sisa di piring pasien RSU Mitra Delima.

scholarly journals 1052 National Undergraduate Surgical Conferences: A Holistic Approach to Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kotecha ◽  
S Choudhury ◽  
P Iyer ◽  
A Rajangam ◽  
P Chandak
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
T Test ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Paired T Test

Abstract Aim The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of student-led holistic undergraduate surgical conferences in increasing exposure to surgery amidst a decline in the surgical curriculum. Method This study was carried during the National Surgical Society Congress between (18-19th January 2020). Questionnaires collecting qualitative and quantitative feedback were distributed to 85 students before and after the conference with the option of an opt-out email. A paired t-test was used to measure pre- and post-conference responses quantitatively with p &lt; 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Results 85 students attended the conference; 55 (65%) filled out both questionnaires, 50.9% were in pre-clinical years, 46.6% were in clinical years and 5.5% were intercalating. The conference demonstrated a significant increase in both knowledge and confidence across the lectures and workshops respectively. In addition to this, the creative exhibition was rated as 4.03± 0.78 out of 5 and there was also a statistically significant increase (p = 0.83) in interest in entrepreneurship after the hackathon (2.33 → 3.16). Students did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in likelihood of pursuing a career in surgery pre- and post-conference but reported a significant increase in confidence with the surgical training pathways and opportunities. Conclusions Our study demonstrates significant learning potential of undergraduate surgical conferences. Overall, the purpose of the conference in fostering a holistic approach to surgery was achieved, empowering students with transferable knowledge and surgical skills and giving them confidence in understanding how to pursue a career in surgery.

Effectiveness of Flaps Controlling Inflammation for Severe Pressure Sores in Older Patients with Multiple Comorbidities

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Hye-Kyung Lee ◽  
Hii-Sun Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Older Patients ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pressure Sores ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Flap Surgery ◽  
Flap Coverage ◽  
Paired T Test

Background: Older patients with pressure sores secondary to medical problems generally are not likely to become physically active again and are therefore rarely considered candidates for flap surgery. When surgeons decide whether to perform surgery in older individuals with multiple morbidities, they must weigh the risks of prolonged general anesthesia and the burdens of flap surgery against the benefits of the flap.Methods: This retrospective study included patients over 65 years of age who were treated at our clinic from May 2010 to August 2018 for grade III or IV pressure sores. They underwent either general wound care without flap coverage (debridement only) or complete flap coverage of the sore (debridement plus flap group). We compared changes in laboratory blood tests from pre-operation to post-operation.Results: A total of 63 patients were included, with 53 in the flap coverage group and 10 in the control group. Age, sex, and flap size were statistically similar between groups (P>0.05). The control group exhibited no significant laboratory changes after debridement. The flap coverage group exhibited statistically significant improvements in neutrophil percentage and C-reactive protein level postoperatively (P<0.05, paired t-test). Serum hemoglobin, albumin and electrolyte levels did not differ with statistical significance from pre-operation to post-operation in either group (P>0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired t-test).Conclusion: As pressure sore coverage with flaps may have a positive effect on controlling inflammation, flap surgery could be a viable option for older patients with severe pressure sores.

Immune microenvironment in brain metastases of breast cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1081-1081
Author(s):  
Rin Ogiya ◽  
Naoki Niikura ◽  
Nobue Kumaki ◽  
Hiroyuki Yasojima ◽  
Tsutomu Iwasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
T Test ◽  
Primary Breast Tumor ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Matched Samples ◽  
Paired T Test

1081 Background: In patients with brain metastasis (BM) of melanoma or lung cancer, significant activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been reported. However, details of the immune microenvironment in BM has not been unveiled. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to compare primary breast tumors and BM tumor samples with respect to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor characteristics related to the immune system. Methods: We retrospectively identified 107 patients with breast cancer, diagnosed with BM, who had undergone surgery between 2001 and 2012 at 8 institutions. We collected 191 samples which included both BM samples alone and pair-matched samples (primary and BM). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides were evaluated for stromal TILs in 10% increments (0–1%, > 1– < 10%, 10%–100%). IHC was performed using the following primary antibodies: CD4, CD8, Foxp3, PD-L1, PD-L2 and HLA class I. The cells positive for each antibody signal were counted automatically using ImageJ (NIH). The expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and HLA on the tumor cells was scored as 0 (negative), 1 (weak or focal), or 2 (strong). Results: The median category of TILs of BM tumors was > 1– < 10% (range: 1–30%). Forty-six pair-matched samples were analyzed and the percentage of TILs in the primary breast tumor was significantly higher than that in BM samples (paired t-test, P < 0.01). The number of CD4/CD8/Foxp3 positive cells in primary breast tumor was also significantly higher than in BM samples (paired t-test, P < 0.05 for all categories). The negative/positive conversion occurred with the expression of HLA/PD-L2 on tumor cells (paired t-test, P = 0.03/0.06, respectively). No significant difference was observed in the overall survival (OS) of patients, from initial BM, based on high or low TILs (log-rank test, P = 0.131). However, triple negative breast cancer patients with low TILs had significantly shorter OS compared with patients with high TILs (log-rank test, P = 0.04). Conclusions: We demonstrated that TILs in BM tumors was significantly lower as compared to primary breast tumors. The expression of immune related molecules on tumor cells was converted in BM tumors.

The effects of participation in an individualized exercise program under the supervision of health care professionals on cancer-related fatigue.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (30_suppl) ◽  
pp. 208-208
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Megan ◽  
John Scott Maul ◽  
Lauren Ashley Olson ◽  
Jennifer Lynn Pogodzinski ◽  
Maharaj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
T Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Fatigue Score ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Paired T Test

208 Background: A majority of (80–100%) of patients with cancer report cancer-related fatigue. Physical activity has shown to be an effective intervention for cancer-related fatigue. The cancer rehabilitation team at Aurora Health Care’s Aurora Medical Center Grafton initiated the Exercise for Cancer Recovery Program (ECRP) in order to have a greater impact on the quality of life of their patients. ECRP was an individualized exercise program taking place in a group setting with other cancer survivors under the supervision of healthcare professionals. The program was open to patients with all types and stages of cancer, including patients in active treatment as well as those who completed treatment. The aim of the study was to determine if participation in ECRP reduces cancer-related fatigue. Methods: Upon referral and/or clearance from the patient’s oncologist/advanced practitioner, the patient was evaluated by a physical therapist and placed on an individualized exercise program. ECRP ran twice per week for an hour. Patients followed and filled out an exercise log. During each session, the supervising health care professionals circulated throughout the class, providing individual guidance as appropriate to ensure safe participation and motivation. Baseline data on fatigue was obtained for each patient upon the initial session and monthly thereafter using the Brief Fatigue Inventory Outcome Measurement tool (BFI) over a 12-month period dating from January to December 2017. Twenty-seven patients participated in ECRP. Not all patients attended all exercise sessions or completed BFI every month. The minimum fatigue score was determined and compared with the initial score utilizing a paired t-test and signed rank test. Results: Data was obtained and analyzed utilizing a paired t-test and a signed rank test to evaluate the significance of BFI scores obtained between the initial and minimum score. There was a significant reduction in the Total Brief Fatigue score (P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: An exercise program resulted in a significant reduction in cancer-related fatigue with improved patient outcomes and patient satisfaction.

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